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日本是世界老齡人口最多的國家之一。去年12月,美國國家衛(wèi)生統(tǒng)計(jì)中心還將日本評(píng)為全世界最適宜養(yǎng)老的國家。日本沖繩也是世界聞名的養(yǎng)老圣地,這里的長壽老人比比皆是,幸福指數(shù)也很高。然而據(jù)CNN近日?qǐng)?bào)道,日本也有不少老人的生活處境堪憂,令人觸目驚心。
在日本最大的女子監(jiān)獄里,老年囚犯的數(shù)量日益增多。據(jù)CNN報(bào)道,從2003年到2022年,65歲及以上老年女性囚犯的數(shù)量幾乎翻了兩番。當(dāng)今時(shí)代,孤獨(dú)已經(jīng)成為一種席卷全球的癥狀,很多日本老年女性在經(jīng)濟(jì)上和社會(huì)上孤立無助,只得鋌而走險(xiǎn),通過主動(dòng)犯罪入獄來尋求群體歸屬感和他人的幫助。
以今年81歲的秋代(為保護(hù)隱私,此處使用化名)為例,她因在商店偷竊食品而入獄服刑。
秋代在接受CNN采訪時(shí)說:“這座監(jiān)獄里有很多好人,或許這樣的生活對(duì)我來說才是最安穩(wěn)的?!?/p>
在這些老年囚犯眼中,囚友的陪伴,監(jiān)獄的定時(shí)三餐和免費(fèi)的醫(yī)療護(hù)理,都對(duì)她們有著強(qiáng)烈的吸引力。雖然囚犯得在監(jiān)獄工廠勞作,但這也不能阻止她們奔向監(jiān)獄。
去年9月,東京櫪木女子監(jiān)獄的獄警白永貴義(音譯)在接受CNN采訪時(shí)表示:“甚至有人說,只要能永遠(yuǎn)住在這兒,她們甚至愿意每月付給監(jiān)獄2萬到3萬日元?!?/p>
白永貴義還表示:“有些人是因?yàn)轲嚭黄炔艁淼竭@里的。而且生病的人在監(jiān)獄里能獲得免費(fèi)治療,但一旦她們出獄,就得自己掏錢看病,所以有些人想待在這里越久越好。”
我犯罪,因?yàn)槲蚁牖?/strong>
對(duì)一些老年女性而言,她們之所以犯罪,只是因?yàn)樗齻兿牖钪=?jīng)合組織的報(bào)告顯示,日本65歲以上的老年人中,有兩成生活在貧困線以下。據(jù)CNN報(bào)道,盜竊是日本老年囚犯中最常見的犯罪行為。日本政府的數(shù)據(jù)也顯示,2022 年,全日本超過80%的老年女性囚犯都是因?yàn)楸I竊而入獄的。
秋代60多歲的時(shí)候,就曾因?yàn)楸I竊食物而入獄。而過了將近20年之后,走投無路的秋代再次因?yàn)樵谏痰昀锿禆|西而入獄。
秋代不僅身無分文,而且還得不到家人的支持。就在她入獄之前,她43歲的兒子甚至對(duì)她說:“真希望你趕緊消失?!?/p>
秋代告訴CNN:“我已經(jīng)什么都不在乎了,我活著已經(jīng)沒有什么意義了,我只想早點(diǎn)死?!?/p>
51歲的女囚犯洋子,在過去25年間曾因毒品犯罪入獄5次。據(jù)她觀察,監(jiān)獄里的犯人的確越來越老了。
“有些人沒錢了,就會(huì)故意干壞事,然后被抓,這樣就能進(jìn)監(jiān)獄了?!毖笞诱f。出于隱私考慮,“洋子”也是一個(gè)化名。
監(jiān)獄是她們唯一能獲得支持的地方
缺乏照料和醫(yī)療,以及被家人拋棄,這些也是老年女性青睞監(jiān)獄的現(xiàn)實(shí)原因之一——尤其是對(duì)于秋代這樣的累犯來說。
一位名叫惠美的獄警表示,這些老年囚犯一旦出獄,根本不會(huì)有任何支持來幫助她們重新融入社會(huì)。
惠美對(duì)CNN表示:“即便她們獲釋了,回歸了正常的生活,也沒有人會(huì)照料她們。還有很多人在多次犯罪后被家人拋棄,根本無處可去。”
2021 年,日本厚生勞動(dòng)省承認(rèn),相較于那些出獄后未獲支持的老年囚犯,那些得到幫扶的老年囚犯再次犯罪的可能性要低得多。據(jù)CNN報(bào)道,日本厚生勞動(dòng)省正在加大早期干預(yù)力度,包括設(shè)立社區(qū)中心來為老年人提供幫助。
此外,日本法務(wù)省推出了一些項(xiàng)目,專門為老年人提供關(guān)于獨(dú)立生活、戒除藥物濫用以及處理家庭關(guān)系方面的教育。另外,日本還在就一些政策進(jìn)行研究,以便讓老年人享受更多住房方面的福利。目前,日本已有10個(gè)城市正在試點(diǎn)對(duì)沒有近親屬的老年人提供幫扶的項(xiàng)目。
秋代已于去年10月刑滿釋放了。在獲釋前一個(gè)月,她對(duì)CNN表示,她“十分羞愧,害怕面對(duì)自己的兒子?!?/p>
秋代說:“孤獨(dú)的日子太難熬了,落到這般田地,我十分羞愧。我真的覺得,要是我的意志再堅(jiān)強(qiáng)一些,我可能會(huì)過上不一樣的生活。但是我太老了,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)什么都改變不了了?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:樸成奎
日本是世界老齡人口最多的國家之一。去年12月,美國國家衛(wèi)生統(tǒng)計(jì)中心還將日本評(píng)為全世界最適宜養(yǎng)老的國家。日本沖繩也是世界聞名的養(yǎng)老圣地,這里的長壽老人比比皆是,幸福指數(shù)也很高。然而據(jù)CNN近日?qǐng)?bào)道,日本也有不少老人的生活處境堪憂,令人觸目驚心。
在日本最大的女子監(jiān)獄里,老年囚犯的數(shù)量日益增多。據(jù)CNN報(bào)道,從2003年到2022年,65歲及以上老年女性囚犯的數(shù)量幾乎翻了兩番。當(dāng)今時(shí)代,孤獨(dú)已經(jīng)成為一種席卷全球的癥狀,很多日本老年女性在經(jīng)濟(jì)上和社會(huì)上孤立無助,只得鋌而走險(xiǎn),通過主動(dòng)犯罪入獄來尋求群體歸屬感和他人的幫助。
以今年81歲的秋代(為保護(hù)隱私,此處使用化名)為例,她因在商店偷竊食品而入獄服刑。
秋代在接受CNN采訪時(shí)說:“這座監(jiān)獄里有很多好人,或許這樣的生活對(duì)我來說才是最安穩(wěn)的?!?/p>
在這些老年囚犯眼中,囚友的陪伴,監(jiān)獄的定時(shí)三餐和免費(fèi)的醫(yī)療護(hù)理,都對(duì)她們有著強(qiáng)烈的吸引力。雖然囚犯得在監(jiān)獄工廠勞作,但這也不能阻止她們奔向監(jiān)獄。
去年9月,東京櫪木女子監(jiān)獄的獄警白永貴義(音譯)在接受CNN采訪時(shí)表示:“甚至有人說,只要能永遠(yuǎn)住在這兒,她們甚至愿意每月付給監(jiān)獄2萬到3萬日元。”
白永貴義還表示:“有些人是因?yàn)轲嚭黄炔艁淼竭@里的。而且生病的人在監(jiān)獄里能獲得免費(fèi)治療,但一旦她們出獄,就得自己掏錢看病,所以有些人想待在這里越久越好?!?/p>
我犯罪,因?yàn)槲蚁牖?/p>
對(duì)一些老年女性而言,她們之所以犯罪,只是因?yàn)樗齻兿牖钪?。?jīng)合組織的報(bào)告顯示,日本65歲以上的老年人中,有兩成生活在貧困線以下。據(jù)CNN報(bào)道,盜竊是日本老年囚犯中最常見的犯罪行為。日本政府的數(shù)據(jù)也顯示,2022 年,全日本超過80%的老年女性囚犯都是因?yàn)楸I竊而入獄的。
秋代60多歲的時(shí)候,就曾因?yàn)楸I竊食物而入獄。而過了將近20年之后,走投無路的秋代再次因?yàn)樵谏痰昀锿禆|西而入獄。
秋代不僅身無分文,而且還得不到家人的支持。就在她入獄之前,她43歲的兒子甚至對(duì)她說:“真希望你趕緊消失?!?/p>
秋代告訴CNN:“我已經(jīng)什么都不在乎了,我活著已經(jīng)沒有什么意義了,我只想早點(diǎn)死?!?/p>
51歲的女囚犯洋子,在過去25年間曾因毒品犯罪入獄5次。據(jù)她觀察,監(jiān)獄里的犯人的確越來越老了。
“有些人沒錢了,就會(huì)故意干壞事,然后被抓,這樣就能進(jìn)監(jiān)獄了?!毖笞诱f。出于隱私考慮,“洋子”也是一個(gè)化名。
監(jiān)獄是她們唯一能獲得支持的地方
缺乏照料和醫(yī)療,以及被家人拋棄,這些也是老年女性青睞監(jiān)獄的現(xiàn)實(shí)原因之一——尤其是對(duì)于秋代這樣的累犯來說。
一位名叫惠美的獄警表示,這些老年囚犯一旦出獄,根本不會(huì)有任何支持來幫助她們重新融入社會(huì)。
惠美對(duì)CNN表示:“即便她們獲釋了,回歸了正常的生活,也沒有人會(huì)照料她們。還有很多人在多次犯罪后被家人拋棄,根本無處可去?!?/p>
2021 年,日本厚生勞動(dòng)省承認(rèn),相較于那些出獄后未獲支持的老年囚犯,那些得到幫扶的老年囚犯再次犯罪的可能性要低得多。據(jù)CNN報(bào)道,日本厚生勞動(dòng)省正在加大早期干預(yù)力度,包括設(shè)立社區(qū)中心來為老年人提供幫助。
此外,日本法務(wù)省推出了一些項(xiàng)目,專門為老年人提供關(guān)于獨(dú)立生活、戒除藥物濫用以及處理家庭關(guān)系方面的教育。另外,日本還在就一些政策進(jìn)行研究,以便讓老年人享受更多住房方面的福利。目前,日本已有10個(gè)城市正在試點(diǎn)對(duì)沒有近親屬的老年人提供幫扶的項(xiàng)目。
秋代已于去年10月刑滿釋放了。在獲釋前一個(gè)月,她對(duì)CNN表示,她“十分羞愧,害怕面對(duì)自己的兒子?!?/p>
秋代說:“孤獨(dú)的日子太難熬了,落到這般田地,我十分羞愧。我真的覺得,要是我的意志再堅(jiān)強(qiáng)一些,我可能會(huì)過上不一樣的生活。但是我太老了,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)什么都改變不了了?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:樸成奎
Japan, known for its robust aging population, was ranked the healthiest country to age in by the National Center for Health Statistics in December. Okinawa, Japan, is also considered a blue zone, home to some of the world’s longest-living and happiest communities. But, according to a new report from CNN, many of those older adults are struggling.
Japan’s largest women’s prison has become home to a growing number of seniors. CNN reported the number of prisoners aged 65 or older nearly quadrupled from 2003 to 2022. Feeling neglected financially and socially, in the wake of a global loneliness epidemic, many older Japanese women are turning to imprisonment to find community and support.
Akiyo, identified by pseudonym for privacy, is an 81-year-old inmate who was serving time for shoplifting food.
“There are very good people in this prison,” Akiyo told CNN. “Perhaps this life is the most stable for me.”
The companionship offered by prison is the main appeal for these elderly women, along with regular meals, free healthcare and eldercare. And the requirement to work in the prison factories is no deterrent.
“There are even people who say they will pay 20,000 or 30,000 yen ($130-190) a month (if they can) live here forever,” Takayoshi Shiranaga, an officer at Tochigi Women’s Prison located north of Tokyo, said during an interview with CNN in September.
“There are people who come here because it’s cold, or because they’re hungry,” said Shiranaga. And those who fall ill “can get free medical treatment while they are in prison, but once they leave, they have to pay for it themselves, so some people want to stay here as long as possible.”
Committing crimes to survive
For some elderly women, resorting to crime is a path to survival. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) reports that 20% of people aged over 65 in Japan live in poverty. Theft is the most common crime among elderly prisoners, CNN reported. In 2022, more than 80% of elderly female prisoners nationwide were in jail for stealing, according to the Japanese government.
When she was in her 60s, Akiyo was jailed for stealing food. Nearly 20 years later, she was imprisoned after shoplifting out of desperation.
Akiyo was not only left with no money, but also no familial support. Just before she was imprisoned, her 43-year-old son told her, “I wish you’d just go away.”
“I felt like I didn’t care what happened anymore,” she told CNN. “I thought, ‘There’s no point in me living,’ and ‘I just want to die.’”
Another inmate, Yoko, 51, has been imprisoned on drug charges five times over the last 25 years. She said that the prison population only seems to get older.
“(Some people) do bad things on purpose and get caught so that they can come to prison again, if they run out of money,” said Yoko, who CNN identified by a pseudonym for privacy.
Prison is the only place to get support
A lack of caregivers, limited access to healthcare, and being abandoned by family members—adds another layer to the appeal of prison for these elderly women—especially the repeat offenders like Akiyo.
Once they leave prison, there’s no support to transition back to society, said another prison guard, Megumi, identified by her first name only.
“Even after they are released and return to normal life, they don’t have anybody to look after them,” she told CNN. “There are also people who have been abandoned by their families after repeatedly committing crimes, they have no place to belong.”
In 2021, the Japanese welfare ministry acknowledged that elderly inmates who received support after leaving prison were much less likely to become repeat offenders than those who didn’t. CNN reported that the ministry was bolstering its early intervention efforts and community centers to help the elderly.
That is in addition to programs launched by Japan’s Ministry of Justice which provide education on independent living, substance abuse recovery, and navigating family relationships. Japan is also considering proposals to make housing benefits more widely accessible to the elderly, as 10 municipalities across the country test programs to help elderly people with no close relatives.
Akiyo finished her sentence in October. A month before her release, she told CNN she was “full of shame and afraid to face her son.”
“Being alone is a very difficult thing, and I feel ashamed that I ended up in this situation,” Akiyo added. “I really feel that if I had a stronger will, I could have led a different life, but I’m too old to do anything about it now.”