盡管歷經24年的漫長歲月,勒沃庫森足球俱樂部的首席執(zhí)行官費爾南多·卡洛始終懷揣著成為體育高管的夢想。
現(xiàn)年60歲的卡洛,出生于西班牙,通過領養(yǎng)成為德國人。他曾在總部位于居特斯洛的媒體巨頭貝塔斯曼集團(Bertlesmann)擔任高管一職,該集團由億萬富翁莫恩(Mohn)家族所掌控??遄允觯谪愃孤瘓F的職業(yè)生涯中,他迅速晉升,僅五個月后便被委以管理重任,最終他離開了那里,轉而追逐自己長久以來的夢想——成為職業(yè)足球隊的首席執(zhí)行官。
卡洛在德國足球甲級聯(lián)賽紐約辦事處接受《財富》采訪時表示:“我的志向始終是投身于體育行業(yè)。盡管獵頭公司不斷向我提供各種工作機會,但我告訴他們,‘除了體育領域,我對其他行業(yè)并無興趣?!缓?,當他們尋找勒沃庫森足球俱樂部首席執(zhí)行官時,我說,‘這個機會,我非常感興趣?!?/p>
在卡洛的掌舵下,勒沃庫森足球俱樂部步入了其歷史上最為輝煌的時期。這家由醫(yī)藥界巨擘拜耳公司(Bayer)全資控股的俱樂部,在上一賽季贏得了有史以來首個聯(lián)賽冠軍,這一成就對于一個長期屈居亞軍、卻始終未能問鼎的俱樂部而言,無疑是一個里程碑式的時刻。與奪冠本身同樣重要的是奪冠的過程。勒沃庫森擊敗了連續(xù)11載稱霸德甲的德國足壇霸主拜仁慕尼黑。在34場聯(lián)賽的征程中,他們未嘗敗績。
勒沃庫森的球迷長期以來承受著與榮譽僅一步之遙的遺憾。該隊曾五次在德甲聯(lián)賽中屈居亞軍,始終未能摘得桂冠。2002年,該隊在德國聯(lián)賽、德國杯以及歐洲冠軍聯(lián)賽(歐洲頂級俱樂部賽事)中均屈居亞軍,這是一項不光彩的榮譽。在短短11天內,勒沃庫森收獲了三枚銀牌。
勒沃庫森也因此獲得了“拜耳永遠的亞軍”(Bayer Neverkusen,字如其名)這一不光彩的綽號。
俱樂部近期取得了成功,卡洛對其在歐洲足壇的地位仍持樂觀態(tài)度。
卡洛說:“躋身前10名是一項艱巨的挑戰(zhàn),盡管在體育競技層面我們能夠實現(xiàn)這一目標,但在品牌影響力或球員的國際知名度方面,我們無法做到。”
拜仁慕尼黑、皇家馬德里和巴塞羅那(西班牙霸主)、曼城(英格蘭)或巴黎圣日耳曼(法國首都)等世界上最大的俱樂部對球員、球迷和贊助商的全球吸引力始終是難以企及的。
2023年,勒沃庫森的收入為5800萬美元,相較于歐洲頂級足球俱樂部,這一數(shù)字僅是其收入的一小部分。例如,在同一時期,曼城的收入為8.98億美元,是勒沃庫森的15倍多?;始荫R德里的收入超過10億美元。
當卡洛在2018年接任首席執(zhí)行官時,他將自己在貝塔斯曼集團積累的企業(yè)管理經驗帶到了新崗位。在貝塔斯曼集團任職期間,他曾擔任其旗下子公司物流公司歐唯特集團(Arvato)的首席執(zhí)行官,負責管理7萬名員工。
卡洛說:“我堅信,足球俱樂部應當采取企業(yè)化的管理模式,這要求我們具備遠見卓識,制定不受短期波動影響的策略和長期規(guī)劃。”
卡洛上任后的首要舉措便是人事變動。
卡洛說:“我一直在關注領導團隊。通常情況下,我都會進行人事調整,有時會換一位、兩位,或是三位成員?!?/p>
卡洛表示,他在上任之初便對市場、銷售和通信部門進行了調整。他自認為“最明智且至關重要的決策”是任命西蒙·羅爾費斯(Simon Rolfes)擔任體育總監(jiān)一職,這在美國體育界相當于總經理的角色。羅爾費斯隨后組建了這支冠軍之師,從世界各地招募鮮為人知的球員,并在2022年聘請西班牙傳奇、中場隊員哈維·阿隆索(Xabi Alonso)擔任教練??迳钪?,盡管自己是一位經驗豐富的管理者,但他需要足球專家來處理場上事務。
他說:“體育部分至關重要。鑒于我的專業(yè)背景,我深知需要與業(yè)內人士緊密合作,共同做出明智的體育決策。歸根結底,體育和足球是一項以人為本的事業(yè),因此擁有一支優(yōu)秀的團隊是成功的關鍵?!?/p>
就像改組勒沃庫森一樣,卡洛也發(fā)現(xiàn)了重塑德國足球體系的良機。他認為德國足球體系已經過時,落后于西班牙和英國聯(lián)賽。在德國,俱樂部受到所謂的“50+1”規(guī)則的限制,即無論投資者持有多少股份,多數(shù)投票權必須握在球迷手中。勒沃庫森不受這一規(guī)則約束,因為它完全由拜耳公司所有。不過,卡洛也毫不掩飾自己對這一規(guī)定的不滿。
他說:“這種規(guī)定確實會限制新資源的引入,因為當人們向俱樂部投資時,他們自然期望能夠獲得發(fā)言權。如果不能獲得發(fā)言權,為什么要投資呢?”
涌入歐洲足球市場的機構投資者,包括海灣地區(qū)的主權財富基金和美國的私募股權基金,對這一規(guī)定感到反感,原因是它們擔心無法控制自己的投資。然而,這種擔憂并未阻止其他機構投資。例如,總部位于邁阿密的私募股權公司和主要體育投資者777 Partners在2023年3月收購了柏林赫塔(Hertha Berlin)64%的股份。
德國球迷向來以堅決反對機構投資者而聞名。德甲聯(lián)賽曾計劃將至多8%的媒體版權以10億美元的價格出售給外部投資者,但在發(fā)生了包括遙控汽車沖進球場在內的球迷抗議行動后,該交易被迫取消。
卡洛認為,私募股權公司能夠通過推動俱樂部打破傳統(tǒng)思維模式,助力俱樂部實現(xiàn)進步。然而,任何涉及私募股權的投資目前還只是理論上的假設,因此卡洛并未將其納入考慮范圍。
他說:“我不會考慮這個問題,畢竟,它不可能實現(xiàn)。所以,我并未將其納入考慮范圍?!?/p>
譯者:中慧言-王芳
盡管歷經24年的漫長歲月,勒沃庫森足球俱樂部的首席執(zhí)行官費爾南多·卡洛始終懷揣著成為體育高管的夢想。
現(xiàn)年60歲的卡洛,出生于西班牙,通過領養(yǎng)成為德國人。他曾在總部位于居特斯洛的媒體巨頭貝塔斯曼集團(Bertlesmann)擔任高管一職,該集團由億萬富翁莫恩(Mohn)家族所掌控??遄允觯谪愃孤瘓F的職業(yè)生涯中,他迅速晉升,僅五個月后便被委以管理重任,最終他離開了那里,轉而追逐自己長久以來的夢想——成為職業(yè)足球隊的首席執(zhí)行官。
卡洛在德國足球甲級聯(lián)賽紐約辦事處接受《財富》采訪時表示:“我的志向始終是投身于體育行業(yè)。盡管獵頭公司不斷向我提供各種工作機會,但我告訴他們,‘除了體育領域,我對其他行業(yè)并無興趣。’然后,當他們尋找勒沃庫森足球俱樂部首席執(zhí)行官時,我說,‘這個機會,我非常感興趣。’”
在卡洛的掌舵下,勒沃庫森足球俱樂部步入了其歷史上最為輝煌的時期。這家由醫(yī)藥界巨擘拜耳公司(Bayer)全資控股的俱樂部,在上一賽季贏得了有史以來首個聯(lián)賽冠軍,這一成就對于一個長期屈居亞軍、卻始終未能問鼎的俱樂部而言,無疑是一個里程碑式的時刻。與奪冠本身同樣重要的是奪冠的過程。勒沃庫森擊敗了連續(xù)11載稱霸德甲的德國足壇霸主拜仁慕尼黑。在34場聯(lián)賽的征程中,他們未嘗敗績。
勒沃庫森的球迷長期以來承受著與榮譽僅一步之遙的遺憾。該隊曾五次在德甲聯(lián)賽中屈居亞軍,始終未能摘得桂冠。2002年,該隊在德國聯(lián)賽、德國杯以及歐洲冠軍聯(lián)賽(歐洲頂級俱樂部賽事)中均屈居亞軍,這是一項不光彩的榮譽。在短短11天內,勒沃庫森收獲了三枚銀牌。
勒沃庫森也因此獲得了“拜耳永遠的亞軍”(Bayer Neverkusen,字如其名)這一不光彩的綽號。
俱樂部近期取得了成功,卡洛對其在歐洲足壇的地位仍持樂觀態(tài)度。
卡洛說:“躋身前10名是一項艱巨的挑戰(zhàn),盡管在體育競技層面我們能夠實現(xiàn)這一目標,但在品牌影響力或球員的國際知名度方面,我們無法做到?!?/p>
拜仁慕尼黑、皇家馬德里和巴塞羅那(西班牙霸主)、曼城(英格蘭)或巴黎圣日耳曼(法國首都)等世界上最大的俱樂部對球員、球迷和贊助商的全球吸引力始終是難以企及的。
2023年,勒沃庫森的收入為5800萬美元,相較于歐洲頂級足球俱樂部,這一數(shù)字僅是其收入的一小部分。例如,在同一時期,曼城的收入為8.98億美元,是勒沃庫森的15倍多。皇家馬德里的收入超過10億美元。
當卡洛在2018年接任首席執(zhí)行官時,他將自己在貝塔斯曼集團積累的企業(yè)管理經驗帶到了新崗位。在貝塔斯曼集團任職期間,他曾擔任其旗下子公司物流公司歐唯特集團(Arvato)的首席執(zhí)行官,負責管理7萬名員工。
卡洛說:“我堅信,足球俱樂部應當采取企業(yè)化的管理模式,這要求我們具備遠見卓識,制定不受短期波動影響的策略和長期規(guī)劃。”
卡洛上任后的首要舉措便是人事變動。
卡洛說:“我一直在關注領導團隊。通常情況下,我都會進行人事調整,有時會換一位、兩位,或是三位成員?!?/p>
卡洛表示,他在上任之初便對市場、銷售和通信部門進行了調整。他自認為“最明智且至關重要的決策”是任命西蒙·羅爾費斯(Simon Rolfes)擔任體育總監(jiān)一職,這在美國體育界相當于總經理的角色。羅爾費斯隨后組建了這支冠軍之師,從世界各地招募鮮為人知的球員,并在2022年聘請西班牙傳奇、中場隊員哈維·阿隆索(Xabi Alonso)擔任教練??迳钪?,盡管自己是一位經驗豐富的管理者,但他需要足球專家來處理場上事務。
他說:“體育部分至關重要。鑒于我的專業(yè)背景,我深知需要與業(yè)內人士緊密合作,共同做出明智的體育決策。歸根結底,體育和足球是一項以人為本的事業(yè),因此擁有一支優(yōu)秀的團隊是成功的關鍵?!?/p>
就像改組勒沃庫森一樣,卡洛也發(fā)現(xiàn)了重塑德國足球體系的良機。他認為德國足球體系已經過時,落后于西班牙和英國聯(lián)賽。在德國,俱樂部受到所謂的“50+1”規(guī)則的限制,即無論投資者持有多少股份,多數(shù)投票權必須握在球迷手中。勒沃庫森不受這一規(guī)則約束,因為它完全由拜耳公司所有。不過,卡洛也毫不掩飾自己對這一規(guī)定的不滿。
他說:“這種規(guī)定確實會限制新資源的引入,因為當人們向俱樂部投資時,他們自然期望能夠獲得發(fā)言權。如果不能獲得發(fā)言權,為什么要投資呢?”
涌入歐洲足球市場的機構投資者,包括海灣地區(qū)的主權財富基金和美國的私募股權基金,對這一規(guī)定感到反感,原因是它們擔心無法控制自己的投資。然而,這種擔憂并未阻止其他機構投資。例如,總部位于邁阿密的私募股權公司和主要體育投資者777 Partners在2023年3月收購了柏林赫塔(Hertha Berlin)64%的股份。
德國球迷向來以堅決反對機構投資者而聞名。德甲聯(lián)賽曾計劃將至多8%的媒體版權以10億美元的價格出售給外部投資者,但在發(fā)生了包括遙控汽車沖進球場在內的球迷抗議行動后,該交易被迫取消。
卡洛認為,私募股權公司能夠通過推動俱樂部打破傳統(tǒng)思維模式,助力俱樂部實現(xiàn)進步。然而,任何涉及私募股權的投資目前還只是理論上的假設,因此卡洛并未將其納入考慮范圍。
他說:“我不會考慮這個問題,畢竟,它不可能實現(xiàn)。所以,我并未將其納入考慮范圍?!?/p>
譯者:中慧言-王芳
Even though it took him 24 years, Bayer Leverkusen CEO Fernando Carro always wanted to be a sports executive.
Carro, 60, a Spaniard by birth but a German by adoption, was an executive at the Gütersloh-based media giant Bertlesmann, controlled by the billionaire Mohn family. There, he rose the ranks rather quickly by his telling. Carro said he was placed into a management role just five months into his tenure before eventually departing for his dream job as the CEO of a professional soccer team.
“I always had the objective to end up in sports,” Carro told Fortune in an interview at the New York office of the Bundesliga, Germany’s soccer league. “Head hunters were offering me jobs all the time, and I was telling them, ‘No, I’m only interested in sports.’ [Then] they were looking for the CEO of Bayer Leverkusen. And I said, ‘This, I’m interested.’”
Carro’s time as CEO of Bayer Leverkusen, which is wholly owned by the pharmaceutical giant Bayer, has been nothing short of the most successful period in the club’s history. Last season Bayer Leverkusen won its first-ever league title—a momentous occasion for a club that was always a bridesmaid but never a bride. Just as important as the win itself was how it happened. Bayer Leverkusen dethroned Germany’s perennial champions Bayern Munich that had won the league 11 years in a row. And they did it without losing a game, going undefeated over 34 games.
Bayer Leverkusen fans had a long history of coming within inches of glory only to fall short. It finished as Bundesliga runners up five times without ever taking home a winners medal. In 2002, it suffered the ignominious distinction of coming in second in the German league, the German cup, and the Champions League final (Europe’s top club competition). That meant three silver medals in the span of 11 days.
That reputation earned Bayer Leverkusen the unflattering sobriquet Bayer Neverkusen—which explains itself.
Despite the club’s newfound success, Carro is sanguine about where it belongs in the pecking order of European soccer.
“The top 10 is difficult, even if sporting-wise, we could achieve it, [we couldn’t] on the branding, or on the importance for a player,” Carro said.
The world’s biggest clubs like Bayern Munich, Spanish juggernauts Real Madrid and Barcelona, Manchester City in England, or Paris Saint-Germain in the French capital will always have a level of global appeal for players, fans, and sponsors that remains virtually unattainable.
In 2023, Bayer Leverkusen made $58 million dollars, a fraction of what the clubs at the pinnacle of European soccer earn. For example, that same year Manchester City earned $898 million dollars, more than 15 times what Bayer Leverkusen made. Real Madrid’s revenues topped $1 billion.
When Carro took over the top job in 2018 he leaned on his corporate experience from Bertelsmann. In his most recent role there he had overseen 70,000 employees as CEO of its subsidiary, logistics company Arvato.
“I’m convinced that a football club has to be managed much like a business, because you need a long term vision,” Carro said. “You need a strategy, independently of the short term influences that you have. You need to have a long term plan.”
One of the first things Carro did was change personnel.
“I always look at the leadership team,“ Carro said. “It’s very unusual that I don’t change things. I sometimes change one, two, three people.”
Carro said he shook up the marketing, sales, and communications department in his early days. According to Carro, the “best and most important decision,” he made was appointing Simon Rolfes as the sporting director, the equivalent of a general manager in American sports. Rolfes would go on to build the title-winning team, recruiting little-known players from across the world, and in 2022 hiring legendary Spanish midfielder Xabi Alonso as coach. Carro knew that even though he was an experienced manager, he needed a soccer expert to handle on-field matters.
“The sporting part is key. So I knew that with my background, I needed someone to be a good tandem with me in making decisions that sporting-wise make sense,” he said. “At the end of the day, sports and football is a people business, therefore the people that you have are key.”
Just as Carro revamped Bayer Leverkusen, he also sees an opportunity to reform the German soccer system, which he considers outdated and lagging behind the Spanish and English leagues. In Germany, clubs are limited by what is called the 50+1 rule, which says that no matter the size of an investor’s stake the voting majority must always remain with the fans. Bayer Leverkusen is exempt from the rule because it is entirely owned by Bayer. Still, Carro has made no secret of his dislike for the rule.
“It hinders you in bringing in new resources, because people, if they put money into a club they want to have a say,” he said. “Why should they put money in if they cannot have a say?”
The institutional investors that have flooded to European soccer—sovereign wealth funds from the Gulf and American private equity—find the rule off-putting because they’re wary of not being able to control their investments. Though, that hasn’t stopped some from investing. The Miami-based private equity firm and major sports investor 777 Partners bought a 64% stake in Hertha Berlin in March 2023.
German fans have a reputation for being staunchly opposed to institutional investors. The Bundesliga had to cancel a $1 billion deal to sell up to 8% of its media rights to external investors after a fan revolt that included remote controlled cars storming the field.
Private equity firms can help take clubs forward by encouraging them to think differently, according to Carro. However, any investment from private equity remains purely hypothetical, and therefore far from Carro’s mind.
“I am not thinking about this because it is something that is not possible,” he said. “So I’m not thinking about something that would not be possible.”