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波音吹哨人遭波音公司打擊報(bào)復(fù)

SASHA ROGELBERG
2024-04-24

波音的安全事故在航空業(yè)引發(fā)了一系列反應(yīng)。

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薩姆·薩萊普爾是參加4月17日參議院聽(tīng)證會(huì)的少數(shù)吹哨人之一。圖片來(lái)源:DREW ANGERER/AFP VIA GETTY IMAGES

波音質(zhì)控工程師薩姆·薩萊普爾在4月17日的波音安全文化參議院聽(tīng)證會(huì)上表示,他在波音遭到了上司的排擠,同時(shí),他反映的飛機(jī)零部件故障安全問(wèn)題也被其上司撤銷(xiāo)。

作為一名在波音效力了30多年的工程師,薩萊普爾在作證時(shí)表示,在三年多的時(shí)間中,他一直在努力警告員工安全問(wèn)題,包括撰寫(xiě)了被送至787工程部高級(jí)總監(jiān)馬克·斯托克頓和波音副總裁麗薩·法爾的備忘錄。他說(shuō),波音高層并沒(méi)有去解決他提出的問(wèn)題,而是讓其閉嘴。波音公司當(dāng)前存在的一個(gè)廣泛現(xiàn)象是,公司會(huì)以生產(chǎn)力和利潤(rùn)為借口來(lái)忽視安全問(wèn)題,而這只是其中一個(gè)縮影。

他說(shuō):“沒(méi)有人理我。他們告訴我不要制造影響工期的事件,并直接讓我閉嘴。”

1月5日,阿拉斯加航空公司(Alaska Airlines)一架波音737 Max 9客機(jī)在空中發(fā)生應(yīng)急艙門(mén)脫落事故。鑒此,康涅狄格州民主黨參議員理查德·布盧門(mén)撒爾主張召開(kāi)了這場(chǎng)由國(guó)土安全和政府事務(wù)委員會(huì)舉辦的聽(tīng)證會(huì)。自那之后,多架波音飛機(jī)出現(xiàn)了安全事故。美國(guó)聯(lián)邦航空管理局(FAA)于3月完成的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),在波音的89架飛機(jī)中,有33架未能通過(guò)審查,并提到其工廠存在“數(shù)十個(gè)問(wèn)題”。波音的安全事故在航空業(yè)引發(fā)了一系列反應(yīng):在737 Max機(jī)型停飛之后,美聯(lián)航(United Airlines)在第一季度報(bào)出了1.42億美元的凈虧損,其首席執(zhí)行官斯科特·科比認(rèn)為波音事故是造成其羸弱季度業(yè)績(jī)的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?/p>

布盧門(mén)撒爾稱,4月17日的聽(tīng)證會(huì)將成為首個(gè)糾正波音安全監(jiān)管問(wèn)題的聽(tīng)證會(huì),而且只是其中之一。包括首席執(zhí)行官戴夫·卡爾霍恩在內(nèi)的波音員工均未參加聽(tīng)證會(huì)。不過(guò),一位公司發(fā)言人對(duì)美聯(lián)社(AP)說(shuō),他們將積極配合。波音并未回復(fù)《財(cái)富》雜志的置評(píng)請(qǐng)求。

那些在4月17日聽(tīng)證會(huì)上作證的證人明確表示,他們認(rèn)為如果波音能夠更多地傾聽(tīng)雇員對(duì)飛機(jī)質(zhì)量的顧慮,那么很多安全事故原本是可以避免的。這些證人來(lái)自波音和FAA,包括薩萊普爾。

“我的上級(jí)說(shuō),‘如果有人在會(huì)上談?wù)撃闼岬降倪@些內(nèi)容,我會(huì)殺了他’”,薩萊普爾在其證詞中表示,“如果人們?cè)谔岬桨踩珕?wèn)題之后會(huì)遭到威脅,這算什么安全文化?!?/p>

就像折疊曲別針一樣

薩萊普爾稱,自己在擔(dān)任質(zhì)控工程師時(shí)曾親眼目睹可能會(huì)威脅波音乘客安全的不合格工程。他發(fā)現(xiàn),飛機(jī)面板之間的縫隙未得到合理填充,雜物會(huì)落入其折痕之中。之所以出現(xiàn)這些縫隙,原因在于各面板的尺寸并不適配,而是以一種敷衍的方式,通過(guò)“大力”擠壓在一起。這會(huì)給部件帶來(lái)壓力,可能導(dǎo)致其在一段時(shí)間后受損。

“我親眼看到工人為了拼接部件而在機(jī)身上跳來(lái)跳去。我將其稱之為泰山效應(yīng),” 他在證詞中表示。

薩萊普爾用彎折曲別針來(lái)形容這種粗魯拼接手段給部件帶來(lái)的壓力:如果只是彎折幾次,曲別針不會(huì)受損,但彎折次數(shù)過(guò)多,脆弱的金屬部位就會(huì)斷裂。

薩萊普爾表示,自己在翻看檢查檔案時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),其內(nèi)容與自己看到的如出一轍:在受檢的29架波音787飛機(jī)中,98.7%的飛機(jī)機(jī)身都存在不符合規(guī)格的縫隙。

他說(shuō):“實(shí)際上,他們生產(chǎn)的是有缺陷的飛機(jī)?!?/p>

由于薩萊普爾反復(fù)提出有關(guān)飛機(jī)質(zhì)量的警告,波音將其從787部門(mén)調(diào)到了777部門(mén)。他說(shuō),在這一過(guò)程中,他的上級(jí)最初不邀請(qǐng)他參加團(tuán)隊(duì)會(huì)議,然后又在另一個(gè)部門(mén)給他安排了一份新工作。

他說(shuō):“整個(gè)過(guò)程都掩飾的非常好。”

凌晨3點(diǎn)的噩夢(mèng)和被扎破的輪胎

公開(kāi)反對(duì)航空巨頭的后果最近浮出水面,此前一位吹哨人約翰·巴尼特在3月份自殺身亡。這位前波音質(zhì)控經(jīng)理于2019年揭露了南卡州北查爾斯頓工廠的不當(dāng)操作,而就在波音被揭發(fā)不久之前,已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了兩起慘痛的波音飛機(jī)空難事件。

薩萊普爾的直言不諱讓其備受影響。如果不是律師申請(qǐng)了吹哨人保護(hù)計(jì)劃,或許他已經(jīng)被波音踢出了公司。

薩萊普爾稱,在其提出安全質(zhì)疑之后,他的上級(jí)開(kāi)始給他私人手機(jī)打電話,每次都會(huì)批評(píng)長(zhǎng)達(dá)40分鐘的時(shí)間,同時(shí)還在其郵箱日歷上取消了其看病預(yù)約。一天,薩萊普爾發(fā)現(xiàn)自己車(chē)的新輪胎扎了一根釘子。當(dāng)他把車(chē)開(kāi)到修理店后,修理工告訴他這根釘子并非是正常行駛時(shí)扎進(jìn)去的,很有可能是有人故意為之。雖然薩萊普爾認(rèn)為輪胎是在他上班時(shí)被扎的,但他沒(méi)有證據(jù)。

薩萊普爾稱,受此影響,他凌晨3點(diǎn)會(huì)從遭到刺殺的噩夢(mèng)中驚醒。

“我像是掉進(jìn)了地獄,” 他說(shuō),“為的是重返正常生活,我一直在接受心理治療?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

波音質(zhì)控工程師薩姆·薩萊普爾在4月17日的波音安全文化參議院聽(tīng)證會(huì)上表示,他在波音遭到了上司的排擠,同時(shí),他反映的飛機(jī)零部件故障安全問(wèn)題也被其上司撤銷(xiāo)。

作為一名在波音效力了30多年的工程師,薩萊普爾在作證時(shí)表示,在三年多的時(shí)間中,他一直在努力警告員工安全問(wèn)題,包括撰寫(xiě)了被送至787工程部高級(jí)總監(jiān)馬克·斯托克頓和波音副總裁麗薩·法爾的備忘錄。他說(shuō),波音高層并沒(méi)有去解決他提出的問(wèn)題,而是讓其閉嘴。波音公司當(dāng)前存在的一個(gè)廣泛現(xiàn)象是,公司會(huì)以生產(chǎn)力和利潤(rùn)為借口來(lái)忽視安全問(wèn)題,而這只是其中一個(gè)縮影。

他說(shuō):“沒(méi)有人理我。他們告訴我不要制造影響工期的事件,并直接讓我閉嘴?!?/p>

1月5日,阿拉斯加航空公司(Alaska Airlines)一架波音737 Max 9客機(jī)在空中發(fā)生應(yīng)急艙門(mén)脫落事故。鑒此,康涅狄格州民主黨參議員理查德·布盧門(mén)撒爾主張召開(kāi)了這場(chǎng)由國(guó)土安全和政府事務(wù)委員會(huì)舉辦的聽(tīng)證會(huì)。自那之后,多架波音飛機(jī)出現(xiàn)了安全事故。美國(guó)聯(lián)邦航空管理局(FAA)于3月完成的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),在波音的89架飛機(jī)中,有33架未能通過(guò)審查,并提到其工廠存在“數(shù)十個(gè)問(wèn)題”。波音的安全事故在航空業(yè)引發(fā)了一系列反應(yīng):在737 Max機(jī)型停飛之后,美聯(lián)航(United Airlines)在第一季度報(bào)出了1.42億美元的凈虧損,其首席執(zhí)行官斯科特·科比認(rèn)為波音事故是造成其羸弱季度業(yè)績(jī)的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?/p>

布盧門(mén)撒爾稱,4月17日的聽(tīng)證會(huì)將成為首個(gè)糾正波音安全監(jiān)管問(wèn)題的聽(tīng)證會(huì),而且只是其中之一。包括首席執(zhí)行官戴夫·卡爾霍恩在內(nèi)的波音員工均未參加聽(tīng)證會(huì)。不過(guò),一位公司發(fā)言人對(duì)美聯(lián)社(AP)說(shuō),他們將積極配合。波音并未回復(fù)《財(cái)富》雜志的置評(píng)請(qǐng)求。

那些在4月17日聽(tīng)證會(huì)上作證的證人明確表示,他們認(rèn)為如果波音能夠更多地傾聽(tīng)雇員對(duì)飛機(jī)質(zhì)量的顧慮,那么很多安全事故原本是可以避免的。這些證人來(lái)自波音和FAA,包括薩萊普爾。

“我的上級(jí)說(shuō),‘如果有人在會(huì)上談?wù)撃闼岬降倪@些內(nèi)容,我會(huì)殺了他’”,薩萊普爾在其證詞中表示,“如果人們?cè)谔岬桨踩珕?wèn)題之后會(huì)遭到威脅,這算什么安全文化。”

就像折疊曲別針一樣

薩萊普爾稱,自己在擔(dān)任質(zhì)控工程師時(shí)曾親眼目睹可能會(huì)威脅波音乘客安全的不合格工程。他發(fā)現(xiàn),飛機(jī)面板之間的縫隙未得到合理填充,雜物會(huì)落入其折痕之中。之所以出現(xiàn)這些縫隙,原因在于各面板的尺寸并不適配,而是以一種敷衍的方式,通過(guò)“大力”擠壓在一起。這會(huì)給部件帶來(lái)壓力,可能導(dǎo)致其在一段時(shí)間后受損。

“我親眼看到工人為了拼接部件而在機(jī)身上跳來(lái)跳去。我將其稱之為泰山效應(yīng),” 他在證詞中表示。

薩萊普爾用彎折曲別針來(lái)形容這種粗魯拼接手段給部件帶來(lái)的壓力:如果只是彎折幾次,曲別針不會(huì)受損,但彎折次數(shù)過(guò)多,脆弱的金屬部位就會(huì)斷裂。

薩萊普爾表示,自己在翻看檢查檔案時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),其內(nèi)容與自己看到的如出一轍:在受檢的29架波音787飛機(jī)中,98.7%的飛機(jī)機(jī)身都存在不符合規(guī)格的縫隙。

他說(shuō):“實(shí)際上,他們生產(chǎn)的是有缺陷的飛機(jī)。”

由于薩萊普爾反復(fù)提出有關(guān)飛機(jī)質(zhì)量的警告,波音將其從787部門(mén)調(diào)到了777部門(mén)。他說(shuō),在這一過(guò)程中,他的上級(jí)最初不邀請(qǐng)他參加團(tuán)隊(duì)會(huì)議,然后又在另一個(gè)部門(mén)給他安排了一份新工作。

他說(shuō):“整個(gè)過(guò)程都掩飾的非常好?!?/p>

凌晨3點(diǎn)的噩夢(mèng)和被扎破的輪胎

公開(kāi)反對(duì)航空巨頭的后果最近浮出水面,此前一位吹哨人約翰·巴尼特在3月份自殺身亡。這位前波音質(zhì)控經(jīng)理于2019年揭露了南卡州北查爾斯頓工廠的不當(dāng)操作,而就在波音被揭發(fā)不久之前,已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了兩起慘痛的波音飛機(jī)空難事件。

薩萊普爾的直言不諱讓其備受影響。如果不是律師申請(qǐng)了吹哨人保護(hù)計(jì)劃,或許他已經(jīng)被波音踢出了公司。

薩萊普爾稱,在其提出安全質(zhì)疑之后,他的上級(jí)開(kāi)始給他私人手機(jī)打電話,每次都會(huì)批評(píng)長(zhǎng)達(dá)40分鐘的時(shí)間,同時(shí)還在其郵箱日歷上取消了其看病預(yù)約。一天,薩萊普爾發(fā)現(xiàn)自己車(chē)的新輪胎扎了一根釘子。當(dāng)他把車(chē)開(kāi)到修理店后,修理工告訴他這根釘子并非是正常行駛時(shí)扎進(jìn)去的,很有可能是有人故意為之。雖然薩萊普爾認(rèn)為輪胎是在他上班時(shí)被扎的,但他沒(méi)有證據(jù)。

薩萊普爾稱,受此影響,他凌晨3點(diǎn)會(huì)從遭到刺殺的噩夢(mèng)中驚醒。

“我像是掉進(jìn)了地獄,” 他說(shuō),“為的是重返正常生活,我一直在接受心理治療?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

Boeing quality engineer Sam Salehpour’s managers at Boeing retaliated against him and quashed safety concerns he raised over malfunctioning aircraft parts, he told a Senate hearing on Boeing’s safety culture Wednesday.

A Boeing engineer for over 30 years, Salehpour testified that he tried to warn personnel of safety issues over the course of three years, including writing memos that reached the desks of Mark Stockton, senior director for 787 engineering, and Lisa Fahl, a vice president of the company. Instead of addressing his concerns, he said, Boeing brass shut him down, part of a broader trend within the company of brushing off safety concerns in the name of productivity and the bottom line.

“I was ignored. I was told not to create delays,” he said. “I was told, frankly, to shut up.”

Democratic Sen. Richard Blumenthal of Connecticut called the hearing led by the Homeland and Governmental Affairs subcommittee after a Boeing 737 Max 9 aircraft door plug flew off an Alaska Airlines plane midflight on Jan. 5. Since then, numerous Boeing planes have experienced safety mishaps. A Federal Aviation Administration probe completed in March found Boeing failed 33 of 89 product audits and noted “dozens of problems” at its facilities. Boeing’s safety incidents have rippled across the aviation industry: United Airlines reported a $142 million net loss in its first quarter after the 737 Max was grounded, with CEO Scott Kirby blaming the weak quarter on Boeing’s mishap.

Blumenthal said the April 17 hearing will be the first of many to rectify the safety oversights at Boeing. No Boeing personnel, including CEO Dave Calhoun, attended the hearing, though they are cooperating, a company spokesperson told AP. Boeing did not respond to Fortune’s request for comment.

Those who testified in the Wednesday hearing—a series of Boeing and FAA personnel, including Salehpour—made clear their belief that many of Boeing’s safety misfires would have been avoided if greater care was put into listening to employee apprehensions over aircraft quality.

“My boss said, ‘I would have killed someone who said what you said in a meeting,’” Salehpour said in his testimony. “This is not a safety culture when you get threatened for bringing [up] issues of safety concerns.”

Like bending a paperclip

Salehpour said witnessed shoddy engineering that could endanger the safety of Boeing passengers during his time as quality engineer. He noticed gaps between aircraft panels were not properly shimmed, or filled, leaving creases for debris to fall into. The gaps were a result of pieces not naturally fitting together, but rather being jammed and finagled with “excessive force” that added stress to components that could cause long-term damage.

“I literally saw people jumping on the pieces of the airplane to get them to align—I called it the Tarzan effect,” he said in his testimony.

Salehpour likened the stress added to these roughly manipulated parts to bending a paper clip: The clip isn’t initially damaged when bent a couple times, but after enough manipulation, the thin metal eventually snaps.

When Salehpour consulted inspection documentation, it confirmed what he saw firsthand: Of Boeing’s 29 inspected 787 aircrafts, 98.7% had gaps in the fuselage that exceeded specifications, Salehpour said.

“Effectively, they are putting out defective airplanes,” he said.

Salehpour’s repeated warnings about aircraft quality got him moved from the 787 division to the 777 division of the company, he said: a process that entailed his boss first not inviting him to team meetings, then offering him a “new job” in a different department.

“They do it pretty stealthily,” he said.

3:00 a.m. nightmares and punctured tires

The consequences of speaking out against an aviation juggernaut bubbled to the surface recently after whistleblower John Barnett died by suicide in March. The former Boeing quality manager revealed the shoddy practices in North Charleston, S.C., in 2019, shortly after the two tragic Boeing crashes.

The backlash Salehpour experienced for speaking out took a personal toll on him. Though he is still a Boeing employee, it’s only because his lawyer went through the Whistleblower Protection Program.

Salehpour said that after he spoke out, his boss started calling his personal number to berate him for 40 minutes at a time, as well as canceling doctor’s appointments on his email calendar. One day Salehpour found a nail caught in one of his car’s new tires. When he took it to the shop, the mechanic told him he didn’t pick up the nail from normal driving—it was likely deliberately put there. Though Salehpour believes the incident happened while he was at work, he has no proof.

As a result of the fallout, Salehpour said, he has woken up at 3 a.m. to nightmares of being stabbed.

“This is the hell that I was subjected to,” he said. “I’m still receiving psychological help to just get back to normal.”

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