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穆迪首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家:對許多美國人而言“買房遙不可及”

SYDNEY LAKE
2024-01-31

抵押貸款利率和房價繼續(xù)讓許多首次購房人不得不離開市場。

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2024年新年伊始,美國抵押貸款利率從去年10月8%的最高點(diǎn),到今年1月初下降到6.7%的區(qū)間上限,而且有行業(yè)觀察家預(yù)測房價將會下跌,房地產(chǎn)市場似乎將擺脫去年的不可預(yù)測性和壓力。但現(xiàn)在抵押貸款利率再次上漲,截至周一已經(jīng)接近7%。許多房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的預(yù)測者也改變了對房價的預(yù)測,現(xiàn)在看來,今年房價會繼續(xù)上漲。

事實(shí)上,穆迪分析(Moody’s Analytics)的首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家馬克·扎蒂對《財(cái)富》雜志表示,他曾在2022年12月預(yù)測全美房價到2023年12月會下跌2%。結(jié)果房價卻上漲了5%。

他說道:“由于待售房屋供應(yīng)嚴(yán)重不足,而且對現(xiàn)有業(yè)主的鎖定效益比預(yù)測更嚴(yán)重且更持久,這導(dǎo)致房價強(qiáng)于預(yù)期。死亡、離婚、生子或工作變動等人生大事,可能會讓人們不得不搬家,但人們卻推遲了搬家,因?yàn)樗麄兊牡盅嘿J款利率遠(yuǎn)低于現(xiàn)行利率,而搬家成本過高?!?/p>

他說道,最終,抵押貸款利率和房價繼續(xù)讓許多首次購房人不得不離開市場,而且這些問題會繼續(xù)存在。

他周日在X(以前的推特)上發(fā)文稱:“對于三分之二有房的美國人來說,房價更高意味著他們的財(cái)富大幅增多。當(dāng)然,這對于潛在首次購房人而言卻是個嚴(yán)重的問題。由于可負(fù)擔(dān)性危機(jī),買房甚至是遙不可及的。”

房屋庫存問題

雖然美國人口普查局(U.S. Census Bureau)最近的報(bào)告顯示,新房開工量和竣工量雙雙增長,但美國依舊存在巨大的房屋供應(yīng)缺口。穆迪分析在周五發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告中估計(jì),美國的房屋供應(yīng)缺口總計(jì)達(dá)到150萬至200萬套。

穆迪分析的分析師尼克·維拉、克里斯托弗·羅森和陳璐在報(bào)告中寫道:“與受到可負(fù)擔(dān)性限制的需求相比,一年的‘超量’供應(yīng)只是相對的。解決慢性房屋供應(yīng)不足的問題有很長的路要走?!?/p>

他們還表示,雖然過去兩年美國每年新建100多萬套住房,但“由于自全球金融危機(jī)以來開工量不足,單戶住宅的庫存依舊存在巨大的缺口。”據(jù)美國人口普查局統(tǒng)計(jì),2023年12月,私有住宅開工量季節(jié)調(diào)整后年增長146萬套,比修改后的11月份估計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)低4.3%,但卻比2022年12月高出7.6%。

據(jù)美國房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(National Association of Realtors)表示,雖然房屋開工量每年都在增長,但到2023年底,美國的房屋供應(yīng)量依舊只有320萬套。穆迪的報(bào)告表示,這“遠(yuǎn)低于”六個月供應(yīng)量,“許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為維持六個月的供應(yīng)量才能保證房地產(chǎn)市場平衡,這凸顯出美國房地產(chǎn)市場需要經(jīng)過一個長達(dá)數(shù)年的恢復(fù)過程”。

扎蒂認(rèn)為,盡管房屋供應(yīng)嚴(yán)重不足,市場最終會發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變。

他指出:“我預(yù)測,隨著生活環(huán)境的變化,人們最終需要搬家,這會創(chuàng)造更多房屋庫存,并帶來房價下行壓力,但這在2023年并未發(fā)生?!?/p>

扎蒂和其他經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家以及房地產(chǎn)倡議者均表示,美國解決房屋可負(fù)擔(dān)性危機(jī)的關(guān)鍵是增加房屋供應(yīng)。扎蒂建議擴(kuò)大低收入住房稅收抵免,將經(jīng)濟(jì)適用單戶住宅包含在內(nèi)。

他說道:“這將為單戶住宅開發(fā)商提供大幅稅收激勵,增加房屋供應(yīng),使房價降低到潛在首次購房人能夠負(fù)擔(dān)的水平。”

穆迪分析的報(bào)告中也表示,解決房屋供應(yīng)不足問題需要私營和公共部門“合作和發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力”。

扎蒂表示:“當(dāng)然,沒有任何一種簡單有效的政策能快速解決這個問題。解決這個問題需要多方面且持久的應(yīng)對政策。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

2024年新年伊始,美國抵押貸款利率從去年10月8%的最高點(diǎn),到今年1月初下降到6.7%的區(qū)間上限,而且有行業(yè)觀察家預(yù)測房價將會下跌,房地產(chǎn)市場似乎將擺脫去年的不可預(yù)測性和壓力。但現(xiàn)在抵押貸款利率再次上漲,截至周一已經(jīng)接近7%。許多房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的預(yù)測者也改變了對房價的預(yù)測,現(xiàn)在看來,今年房價會繼續(xù)上漲。

事實(shí)上,穆迪分析(Moody’s Analytics)的首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家馬克·扎蒂對《財(cái)富》雜志表示,他曾在2022年12月預(yù)測全美房價到2023年12月會下跌2%。結(jié)果房價卻上漲了5%。

他說道:“由于待售房屋供應(yīng)嚴(yán)重不足,而且對現(xiàn)有業(yè)主的鎖定效益比預(yù)測更嚴(yán)重且更持久,這導(dǎo)致房價強(qiáng)于預(yù)期。死亡、離婚、生子或工作變動等人生大事,可能會讓人們不得不搬家,但人們卻推遲了搬家,因?yàn)樗麄兊牡盅嘿J款利率遠(yuǎn)低于現(xiàn)行利率,而搬家成本過高?!?/p>

他說道,最終,抵押貸款利率和房價繼續(xù)讓許多首次購房人不得不離開市場,而且這些問題會繼續(xù)存在。

他周日在X(以前的推特)上發(fā)文稱:“對于三分之二有房的美國人來說,房價更高意味著他們的財(cái)富大幅增多。當(dāng)然,這對于潛在首次購房人而言卻是個嚴(yán)重的問題。由于可負(fù)擔(dān)性危機(jī),買房甚至是遙不可及的?!?/p>

房屋庫存問題

雖然美國人口普查局(U.S. Census Bureau)最近的報(bào)告顯示,新房開工量和竣工量雙雙增長,但美國依舊存在巨大的房屋供應(yīng)缺口。穆迪分析在周五發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告中估計(jì),美國的房屋供應(yīng)缺口總計(jì)達(dá)到150萬至200萬套。

穆迪分析的分析師尼克·維拉、克里斯托弗·羅森和陳璐在報(bào)告中寫道:“與受到可負(fù)擔(dān)性限制的需求相比,一年的‘超量’供應(yīng)只是相對的。解決慢性房屋供應(yīng)不足的問題有很長的路要走?!?/p>

他們還表示,雖然過去兩年美國每年新建100多萬套住房,但“由于自全球金融危機(jī)以來開工量不足,單戶住宅的庫存依舊存在巨大的缺口?!睋?jù)美國人口普查局統(tǒng)計(jì),2023年12月,私有住宅開工量季節(jié)調(diào)整后年增長146萬套,比修改后的11月份估計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)低4.3%,但卻比2022年12月高出7.6%。

據(jù)美國房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(National Association of Realtors)表示,雖然房屋開工量每年都在增長,但到2023年底,美國的房屋供應(yīng)量依舊只有320萬套。穆迪的報(bào)告表示,這“遠(yuǎn)低于”六個月供應(yīng)量,“許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為維持六個月的供應(yīng)量才能保證房地產(chǎn)市場平衡,這凸顯出美國房地產(chǎn)市場需要經(jīng)過一個長達(dá)數(shù)年的恢復(fù)過程”。

扎蒂認(rèn)為,盡管房屋供應(yīng)嚴(yán)重不足,市場最終會發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變。

他指出:“我預(yù)測,隨著生活環(huán)境的變化,人們最終需要搬家,這會創(chuàng)造更多房屋庫存,并帶來房價下行壓力,但這在2023年并未發(fā)生?!?/p>

扎蒂和其他經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家以及房地產(chǎn)倡議者均表示,美國解決房屋可負(fù)擔(dān)性危機(jī)的關(guān)鍵是增加房屋供應(yīng)。扎蒂建議擴(kuò)大低收入住房稅收抵免,將經(jīng)濟(jì)適用單戶住宅包含在內(nèi)。

他說道:“這將為單戶住宅開發(fā)商提供大幅稅收激勵,增加房屋供應(yīng),使房價降低到潛在首次購房人能夠負(fù)擔(dān)的水平?!?/p>

穆迪分析的報(bào)告中也表示,解決房屋供應(yīng)不足問題需要私營和公共部門“合作和發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力”。

扎蒂表示:“當(dāng)然,沒有任何一種簡單有效的政策能快速解決這個問題。解決這個問題需要多方面且持久的應(yīng)對政策?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

At the outset of 2024 the housing market appeared ready to put last year’s unpredictability and stress behind it, with mortgage rates dropping from their 8% peak last October to the upper 6.7% range in early January and some industry watchers predicting lower prices. But now rates are picking back up, reaching nearly 7% as of Monday. And several housing forecasters have also made changes to their home price predictions, which now look as if they’ll continue to rise this year.

Indeed, Moody’s Analytics chief economist Mark Zandi tells Fortune that in December 2022 he had expected national home prices to decline by 2% by December 2023. Instead, prices grew 5%.

“The stronger-than-anticipated house prices is due to the severe lack of supply of homes for sale, as the lock-in effect on existing homeowners was more significant and persistent than anticipated,” he says. “Life events, such as death, divorce, children, or job change, should cause people to move, but people have delayed their moves as they have a mortgage with a much lower rate than existing rates, and moving would be too costly.”

Ultimately, mortgage rates and home prices have continued to lock many first-time homebuyers out of the market, and that will continue to be a problem, he says.

“For the two-thirds of Americans who own their home, the higher prices mean a massive increase in their wealth,” he posted on X (formerly Twitter) on Sunday. “But of course, this is a massive problem for potential first-time homebuyers. Given the collapse in affordability, buying a home is not even remotely possible.”

The housing inventory problem

Although recent reports by the U.S. Census Bureau show that new housing starts and completions are on the rise, the U.S. is still in the throes of a major housing deficit. Indeed, Moody’s Analytics estimates in a report published Friday that there is still a total housing deficit of 1.5 million to 2 million units in the U.S.

“One good year of ‘excessive’ supply was only in its relative term when compared with affordability-constrained demand,” Moody’s Analytics analysts Nick Villa, Christopher Rosin, and Lu Chen wrote in the report. “There is a long way to go before solving the chronical housing shortage.”

Although more than 1 million housing units were built each of the past two years, “there is still a significant shortfall in single-family housing stock due to years of underbuilding since the Global Financial Crisis,” they add. Privately owned housing starts in December 2023 were at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 1.46 million, which is 4.3% below the revised November estimate, but 7.6% higher than the December 2022 rate, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Although housing starts were up year over year, there were still only 3.2 months of housing supply by the end of 2023, according to the National Association of Realtors. That’s “well below” the six months’ supply that “many economists equate with a balanced housing market, underscoring how a multiyear recovery process still lies ahead,” Villa, Rosin, and Chen wrote in the Moody’s report.

While there is still a major shortfall, Zandi says, the market is going to have to shift eventually.

“I do expect people with changing life circumstances will ultimately need to move, creating more inventory and putting downward pressure on prices, but that didn’t happen in 2023,” he notes.

Zandi, along with other economists and housing advocates, says that the key to solving the housing affordability crisis in the U.S. is to increase housing supply. Zandi suggests expanding the low-income housing tax credit to also include affordable single family homes for homeownership.

“This would provide single family homebuilders a meaningful tax incentive to put up more homes at price points that potential first-time homebuyers could afford,” he says.

Moody’s Analytics colleagues also said that fixing the housing shortage would require a “joint effort and creativity” from both the private and public sector, according to the report.

“Of course, there is no slam-dunk policy step that will solve the problem quickly,” Zandi says. “It would take a multifaceted and persistent policy response to do that.”

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