
中國(guó)制造的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)正在全球進(jìn)行銷(xiāo)售。但不要以為它們都是中國(guó)汽車(chē)制造商生產(chǎn)的。
周日,日本日產(chǎn)汽車(chē)(Nissan)宣布將在全球銷(xiāo)售中國(guó)研發(fā)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)??紤]到中國(guó)較低的制造成本,原因一目了然。
據(jù)路透社報(bào)道,日產(chǎn)汽車(chē)的這一舉動(dòng)再次表明,中國(guó)在汽車(chē)制造領(lǐng)域的實(shí)力日益增強(qiáng),正迫使全球汽車(chē)制造商轉(zhuǎn)變戰(zhàn)略和預(yù)期。
中國(guó)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制造商走向全球的一大關(guān)鍵優(yōu)勢(shì)是其在供應(yīng)鏈中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位,這有助于它們保持低成本。以比亞迪(BYD)為例,伯克希爾·哈撒韋公司(Berkshire Hathaway)早期押注的這家公司取得了巨大成功。比亞迪擁有從原材料到成品電池組的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)電池供應(yīng)鏈,還設(shè)計(jì)自己的半導(dǎo)體。
其他中國(guó)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制造商,包括蔚來(lái)汽車(chē)(Nio)、小鵬汽車(chē)(Xpeng)和理想汽車(chē)(Li Auto),也在不同程度上具有類(lèi)似的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
今年早些時(shí)候,比亞迪推出了一款名為海鷗(Seagull)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē),售價(jià)約為1.1萬(wàn)美元,迅速成為中國(guó)最暢銷(xiāo)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)之一?!昂zt”和來(lái)自中國(guó)的類(lèi)似車(chē)型可能會(huì)成為海外市場(chǎng)的一股顛覆性力量。據(jù)路透社報(bào)道,比亞迪的海豚掀背車(chē)(Dolphin hatchback)在英國(guó)的起步價(jià)為3.3萬(wàn)美元,比大眾ID.3(VW ID.3)掀背車(chē)的起步價(jià)低了近30%。
中國(guó)的成本優(yōu)勢(shì)正迫使全球的傳統(tǒng)汽車(chē)制造商優(yōu)先考慮削減成本。
福特汽車(chē)公司(Ford Motor)首席執(zhí)行官吉姆·法利(Jim Farley)在5月份的一次金融活動(dòng)中談到電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的未來(lái)時(shí)補(bǔ)充道:“我們將中國(guó)視為主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,而不是通用(GM)或豐田(Toyota)。中國(guó)將成為全球電動(dòng)汽車(chē)強(qiáng)國(guó)?!?/p>
許多人可能會(huì)認(rèn)為中國(guó)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)質(zhì)量堪憂(yōu),而且一些車(chē)型也曾出現(xiàn)過(guò)問(wèn)題。在澳大利亞,最近召回的一款中國(guó)車(chē)型——中國(guó)長(zhǎng)城汽車(chē)(Great Wall China)生產(chǎn)的歐拉(Ora)——警告稱(chēng)在充電過(guò)程中存在觸電導(dǎo)致“嚴(yán)重受傷或死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。
但特斯拉(Tesla)首席執(zhí)行官埃隆·馬斯克(Elon Musk)在最近的《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》Dealbook會(huì)議上表示,他從2011年嘲笑比亞迪汽車(chē),到如今稱(chēng)中國(guó)汽車(chē)制造商“極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”。他補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“中國(guó)的制造業(yè)實(shí)力強(qiáng)勁,職業(yè)道德令人難以置信?!?/p>
在美國(guó),《通貨膨脹削減法案》(Inflation Reduction Act)中規(guī)定的補(bǔ)貼暫時(shí)為汽車(chē)制造商提供了保護(hù),使其免受中國(guó)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的沖擊。但福特汽車(chē)公司執(zhí)行董事長(zhǎng)比爾-福特(Bill Ford Jr.)今年早些時(shí)候警告稱(chēng):"我們認(rèn)為中國(guó)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)會(huì)在某一時(shí)刻來(lái)到美國(guó),我們需要做好準(zhǔn)備?!?
感到擔(dān)憂(yōu)的也不僅僅是汽車(chē)制造商。在德國(guó),汽車(chē)零部件制造商采埃孚股份公司(ZF Friedrichshafen)本月早些時(shí)候表示,將提高在中國(guó)的銷(xiāo)量。采埃孚股份公司的一位高管對(duì)德國(guó)商業(yè)雜志《經(jīng)濟(jì)周刊》(WirtschaftsWoche)表示,隨著中國(guó)汽車(chē)制造商在海外擴(kuò)張,當(dāng)?shù)毓?yīng)商也會(huì)隨之而來(lái),“必須嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待這一發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì),并進(jìn)行調(diào)整,才能生存下去。”
日產(chǎn)汽車(chē)周日表示,它將在與比亞迪相同的市場(chǎng)(包括東南亞和歐洲)銷(xiāo)售其在中國(guó)研發(fā)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)。與此同時(shí),特斯拉、福特和寶馬(BMW)也一直在增加中國(guó)制造的汽車(chē)的出口量。
在中國(guó)——迄今為止全球最大的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)市場(chǎng),日產(chǎn)汽車(chē)和其他國(guó)外制造商的市場(chǎng)份額已被國(guó)內(nèi)品牌所取代。日產(chǎn)汽車(chē)首席執(zhí)行官內(nèi)田誠(chéng)在一份聲明中表示,作為回應(yīng),日產(chǎn)汽車(chē)將與中國(guó)清華大學(xué)(Tsinghua University)聯(lián)合開(kāi)展電動(dòng)汽車(chē)技術(shù)研究,旨在“更深入地了解中國(guó)市場(chǎng),制定更符合中國(guó)客戶(hù)需求的戰(zhàn)略”。
這或許是明智之舉。正如中國(guó)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制造商的經(jīng)驗(yàn)所表明的那樣,如果你能在中國(guó)與當(dāng)?shù)刂圃焐炭购?,你就能在任何地方與之抗衡。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
中國(guó)制造的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)正在全球進(jìn)行銷(xiāo)售。但不要以為它們都是中國(guó)汽車(chē)制造商生產(chǎn)的。
周日,日本日產(chǎn)汽車(chē)(Nissan)宣布將在全球銷(xiāo)售中國(guó)研發(fā)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)。考慮到中國(guó)較低的制造成本,原因一目了然。
據(jù)路透社報(bào)道,日產(chǎn)汽車(chē)的這一舉動(dòng)再次表明,中國(guó)在汽車(chē)制造領(lǐng)域的實(shí)力日益增強(qiáng),正迫使全球汽車(chē)制造商轉(zhuǎn)變戰(zhàn)略和預(yù)期。
中國(guó)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制造商走向全球的一大關(guān)鍵優(yōu)勢(shì)是其在供應(yīng)鏈中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位,這有助于它們保持低成本。以比亞迪(BYD)為例,伯克希爾·哈撒韋公司(Berkshire Hathaway)早期押注的這家公司取得了巨大成功。比亞迪擁有從原材料到成品電池組的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)電池供應(yīng)鏈,還設(shè)計(jì)自己的半導(dǎo)體。
其他中國(guó)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制造商,包括蔚來(lái)汽車(chē)(Nio)、小鵬汽車(chē)(Xpeng)和理想汽車(chē)(Li Auto),也在不同程度上具有類(lèi)似的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
今年早些時(shí)候,比亞迪推出了一款名為海鷗(Seagull)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē),售價(jià)約為1.1萬(wàn)美元,迅速成為中國(guó)最暢銷(xiāo)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)之一。“海鷗”和來(lái)自中國(guó)的類(lèi)似車(chē)型可能會(huì)成為海外市場(chǎng)的一股顛覆性力量。據(jù)路透社報(bào)道,比亞迪的海豚掀背車(chē)(Dolphin hatchback)在英國(guó)的起步價(jià)為3.3萬(wàn)美元,比大眾ID.3(VW ID.3)掀背車(chē)的起步價(jià)低了近30%。
中國(guó)的成本優(yōu)勢(shì)正迫使全球的傳統(tǒng)汽車(chē)制造商優(yōu)先考慮削減成本。
福特汽車(chē)公司(Ford Motor)首席執(zhí)行官吉姆·法利(Jim Farley)在5月份的一次金融活動(dòng)中談到電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的未來(lái)時(shí)補(bǔ)充道:“我們將中國(guó)視為主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,而不是通用(GM)或豐田(Toyota)。中國(guó)將成為全球電動(dòng)汽車(chē)強(qiáng)國(guó)?!?/p>
許多人可能會(huì)認(rèn)為中國(guó)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)質(zhì)量堪憂(yōu),而且一些車(chē)型也曾出現(xiàn)過(guò)問(wèn)題。在澳大利亞,最近召回的一款中國(guó)車(chē)型——中國(guó)長(zhǎng)城汽車(chē)(Great Wall China)生產(chǎn)的歐拉(Ora)——警告稱(chēng)在充電過(guò)程中存在觸電導(dǎo)致“嚴(yán)重受傷或死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。
但特斯拉(Tesla)首席執(zhí)行官埃隆·馬斯克(Elon Musk)在最近的《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》Dealbook會(huì)議上表示,他從2011年嘲笑比亞迪汽車(chē),到如今稱(chēng)中國(guó)汽車(chē)制造商“極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”。他補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“中國(guó)的制造業(yè)實(shí)力強(qiáng)勁,職業(yè)道德令人難以置信?!?/p>
在美國(guó),《通貨膨脹削減法案》(Inflation Reduction Act)中規(guī)定的補(bǔ)貼暫時(shí)為汽車(chē)制造商提供了保護(hù),使其免受中國(guó)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的沖擊。但福特汽車(chē)公司執(zhí)行董事長(zhǎng)比爾-福特(Bill Ford Jr.)今年早些時(shí)候警告稱(chēng):"我們認(rèn)為中國(guó)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)會(huì)在某一時(shí)刻來(lái)到美國(guó),我們需要做好準(zhǔn)備?!?
感到擔(dān)憂(yōu)的也不僅僅是汽車(chē)制造商。在德國(guó),汽車(chē)零部件制造商采埃孚股份公司(ZF Friedrichshafen)本月早些時(shí)候表示,將提高在中國(guó)的銷(xiāo)量。采埃孚股份公司的一位高管對(duì)德國(guó)商業(yè)雜志《經(jīng)濟(jì)周刊》(WirtschaftsWoche)表示,隨著中國(guó)汽車(chē)制造商在海外擴(kuò)張,當(dāng)?shù)毓?yīng)商也會(huì)隨之而來(lái),“必須嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待這一發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì),并進(jìn)行調(diào)整,才能生存下去。”
日產(chǎn)汽車(chē)周日表示,它將在與比亞迪相同的市場(chǎng)(包括東南亞和歐洲)銷(xiāo)售其在中國(guó)研發(fā)的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)。與此同時(shí),特斯拉、福特和寶馬(BMW)也一直在增加中國(guó)制造的汽車(chē)的出口量。
在中國(guó)——迄今為止全球最大的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)市場(chǎng),日產(chǎn)汽車(chē)和其他國(guó)外制造商的市場(chǎng)份額已被國(guó)內(nèi)品牌所取代。日產(chǎn)汽車(chē)首席執(zhí)行官內(nèi)田誠(chéng)在一份聲明中表示,作為回應(yīng),日產(chǎn)汽車(chē)將與中國(guó)清華大學(xué)(Tsinghua University)聯(lián)合開(kāi)展電動(dòng)汽車(chē)技術(shù)研究,旨在“更深入地了解中國(guó)市場(chǎng),制定更符合中國(guó)客戶(hù)需求的戰(zhàn)略”。
這或許是明智之舉。正如中國(guó)電動(dòng)汽車(chē)制造商的經(jīng)驗(yàn)所表明的那樣,如果你能在中國(guó)與當(dāng)?shù)刂圃焐炭购?,你就能在任何地方與之抗衡。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
Nissan CEO Makoto Uchida is adapting to China's rise as an automotive power.
KIYOSHI OTA/BLOOMBERG VIA GETTY IMAGES
Electric vehicles made in China are spreading around the globe. But don’t assume they’re all produced by Chinese carmakers.
On Sunday, Japan’s Nissan announced it will sell China-developed EVs around the world. It’s easy to see why, given the lower manufacturing costs in China.
The move by Nissan, reported by Reuters, is another sign of how China’s growing prowess in car manufacturing is forcing global players to shift their strategies and expectations.
A key advantage for Chinese EV makers as they go global is their dominance in the supply chain, which helps them keep costs low. Consider BYD, which Berkshire Hathaway made an early bet on to great success. BYD owns the supply chain of its EV batteries, from the raw materials to the finished battery packs. It also designs its own semiconductors.
Other Chinese EV makers, including Nio, Xpeng, and Li Auto, have similar advantages to varying degrees.
Earlier this year, BYD launched an EV in China called the Seagull with a price of about $11,000. It quickly became one of the bestselling EVs domestically. The Seagull or similar vehicles from China could prove to be a disruptive force in overseas markets. Already, BYD’s Dolphin hatchback starts at $33,000 in Britain, according to Reuters, or nearly 30% below the comparable VW ID.3 hatchback’s starting price.
China’s cost advantage is forcing legacy automakers around the world to prioritize cost-cutting.
Ford CEO Jim Farley said at a finance event in May, while discussing the EV future: “We see the Chinese as the main competitor, not GM or Toyota. The Chinese are going to be the powerhouse.”
Many might assume Chinese EVs are lower in quality, and some models have had issues. In Australia, a recent recall of one Chinese model—the Ora from Great Wall China—warned about a “risk of serious injury or death” by electrocution during the charging process.
But Tesla CEO Elon Musk has gone from laughing at BYD cars in 2011 to these days calling Chinese carmakers “extremely competitive,” as he said at the recent New York Times Dealbook conference. “China is super good at manufacturing, and the work ethic is incredible,” he added.
In America, subsidies in the Inflation Reduction Act offer carmakers some protection from Chinese EVs for now. But Ford Motor executive chairman Bill Ford Jr. warned earlier this year that “they will come here we think at some point and we need to be ready.”
It isn’t just automakers who are worried, either. In Germany, car-parts manufacturer ZF Friedrichshafen said earlier this month that it would boost sales within China. With Chinese automakers bringing their local suppliers with them as they expand overseas, “you have to take this development very seriously and adapt in order to survive,” a ZF executive told the German business magazine WirtschaftsWoche.
Nissan said Sunday it will sell its China-developed EVs in the same markets as BYD, which include Southeast Asia and Europe. Meanwhile Tesla, Ford, and BMW have been expanding their exports of cars made in China.
Within China—the world’s largest EV market by far—Nissan and other foreign makers have been losing ground to domestic brands. In reponse, Nissan will establish joint research efforts on EV technology with China’s Tsinghua University, Nissan CEO Makoto Uchida said in a statement, with the goal being to “gain a deeper understanding of the Chinese market and develop strategies that better meet the needs of customers in China.”
That might be wise. As the experiences of Chinese EV makers suggest, if you can compete in China, you can compete anywhere.