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頂級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家警告:美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)了“喉嚨痛”

WILL DANIEL
2023-04-10

情況在好轉(zhuǎn)之前可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步惡化。

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2023年3月28日,紐約證券交易所交易大廳里的交易員。圖片來(lái)源:PHOTO BY SPENCER PLATT/GETTY IMAGES

盡管億萬(wàn)富翁投資者、華爾街分析師、甚至前美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)官員一年多來(lái)一直預(yù)測(cè)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)陷入衰退,但事實(shí)證明,美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)具有令人難以置信的彈性。失業(yè)率保持在3.6%的歷史低點(diǎn)附近,亞特蘭大聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行(Atlanta Fed)估計(jì)第一季度GDP增長(zhǎng)1.5%。但安永-博智?。‥Y-Parthenon)首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家格雷戈里?達(dá)科(Gregory Daco)警告稱(chēng),近期銀行業(yè)危機(jī)之后,一系列負(fù)面因素結(jié)合在一起將在未來(lái)幾個(gè)月“拖累”經(jīng)濟(jì)。

“經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況不佳。這不是普通流感,而是喉嚨痛?!彼谏现苋囊环菅芯繄?bào)告中寫(xiě)道。他提到了頑固的通貨膨脹、高利率以及企業(yè)和消費(fèi)者可獲得的貸款減少,并補(bǔ)充說(shuō),“在情況好轉(zhuǎn)之前可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步惡化”,安永-博智隆繼續(xù)預(yù)測(cè)今年年中美國(guó)將出現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。

達(dá)科預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的關(guān)鍵因素是美國(guó)消費(fèi)狀況不佳。過(guò)去一年里,即使面對(duì)四十年來(lái)最高的通貨膨脹率和大舉加息,美國(guó)人的消費(fèi)依舊強(qiáng)勁,提振了美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)。這一點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要,因?yàn)閮H消費(fèi)支出一項(xiàng)就占了美國(guó)GDP的近70%。但達(dá)科表示,最近幾周的消費(fèi)“明顯降溫”,他相信這種情況將持續(xù)全年。

美國(guó)2月份零售銷(xiāo)售額環(huán)比下降0.4%,顯示消費(fèi)者感受到了價(jià)格高企帶來(lái)的壓力。在疫情期間作為零售商支柱的好市多(Costco)上周三公布,其同店銷(xiāo)售額三年多來(lái)首次出現(xiàn)下降。美國(guó)3月份同店銷(xiāo)售額下降1.5%,而電子商務(wù)銷(xiāo)售額下降12.7%。

達(dá)科接著警告說(shuō),過(guò)去幾年里支撐美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的緊張的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)也將出現(xiàn)破裂。他寫(xiě)道:“我們與企業(yè)高管的談話表明,許多行業(yè)的招聘力度都明顯縮減。企業(yè)投資活動(dòng)正在疲軟?!彼赋觯钚碌腎SM制造業(yè)指數(shù)顯示,該行業(yè)的新訂單、就業(yè)和積壓訂單都在收縮。

達(dá)科說(shuō),他認(rèn)為在夏末,當(dāng)美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)在懷俄明州杰克遜霍爾召開(kāi)年度央行研討會(huì)時(shí),“美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)或已陷入衰退”,而經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退造成的失業(yè),甚至“潛在的不利金融市場(chǎng)影響”將導(dǎo)致央行官員降息。

他寫(xiě)道:“正如我之前強(qiáng)調(diào)的那樣,盡管我們沒(méi)有看到廣泛經(jīng)濟(jì)失衡的證據(jù),但衰退往往是非線性事件?!彼J(rèn)為,經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷可能會(huì)以緩慢而不可預(yù)測(cè)地方式展開(kāi)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

盡管億萬(wàn)富翁投資者、華爾街分析師、甚至前美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)官員一年多來(lái)一直預(yù)測(cè)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)陷入衰退,但事實(shí)證明,美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)具有令人難以置信的彈性。失業(yè)率保持在3.6%的歷史低點(diǎn)附近,亞特蘭大聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行(Atlanta Fed)估計(jì)第一季度GDP增長(zhǎng)1.5%。但安永-博智?。‥Y-Parthenon)首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家格雷戈里?達(dá)科(Gregory Daco)警告稱(chēng),近期銀行業(yè)危機(jī)之后,一系列負(fù)面因素結(jié)合在一起將在未來(lái)幾個(gè)月“拖累”經(jīng)濟(jì)。

“經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況不佳。這不是普通流感,而是喉嚨痛?!彼谏现苋囊环菅芯繄?bào)告中寫(xiě)道。他提到了頑固的通貨膨脹、高利率以及企業(yè)和消費(fèi)者可獲得的貸款減少,并補(bǔ)充說(shuō),“在情況好轉(zhuǎn)之前可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步惡化”,安永-博智隆繼續(xù)預(yù)測(cè)今年年中美國(guó)將出現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。

達(dá)科預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的關(guān)鍵因素是美國(guó)消費(fèi)狀況不佳。過(guò)去一年里,即使面對(duì)四十年來(lái)最高的通貨膨脹率和大舉加息,美國(guó)人的消費(fèi)依舊強(qiáng)勁,提振了美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)。這一點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要,因?yàn)閮H消費(fèi)支出一項(xiàng)就占了美國(guó)GDP的近70%。但達(dá)科表示,最近幾周的消費(fèi)“明顯降溫”,他相信這種情況將持續(xù)全年。

美國(guó)2月份零售銷(xiāo)售額環(huán)比下降0.4%,顯示消費(fèi)者感受到了價(jià)格高企帶來(lái)的壓力。在疫情期間作為零售商支柱的好市多(Costco)上周三公布,其同店銷(xiāo)售額三年多來(lái)首次出現(xiàn)下降。美國(guó)3月份同店銷(xiāo)售額下降1.5%,而電子商務(wù)銷(xiāo)售額下降12.7%。

達(dá)科接著警告說(shuō),過(guò)去幾年里支撐美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的緊張的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)也將出現(xiàn)破裂。他寫(xiě)道:“我們與企業(yè)高管的談話表明,許多行業(yè)的招聘力度都明顯縮減。企業(yè)投資活動(dòng)正在疲軟?!彼赋?,最新的ISM制造業(yè)指數(shù)顯示,該行業(yè)的新訂單、就業(yè)和積壓訂單都在收縮。

達(dá)科說(shuō),他認(rèn)為在夏末,當(dāng)美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)在懷俄明州杰克遜霍爾召開(kāi)年度央行研討會(huì)時(shí),“美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)或已陷入衰退”,而經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退造成的失業(yè),甚至“潛在的不利金融市場(chǎng)影響”將導(dǎo)致央行官員降息。

他寫(xiě)道:“正如我之前強(qiáng)調(diào)的那樣,盡管我們沒(méi)有看到廣泛經(jīng)濟(jì)失衡的證據(jù),但衰退往往是非線性事件?!彼J(rèn)為,經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷可能會(huì)以緩慢而不可預(yù)測(cè)地方式展開(kāi)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

Despite consistent recession predictions from billionaire investors, Wall Street analysts, and even former Federal Reserve officials for over a year now, the U.S. economy has proved to be incredibly resilient. The unemployment rate remains near record lows at 3.6%, and the Atlanta Fed estimates GDP grew 1.5% in the first quarter. But Gregory Daco, chief economist at EY-Parthenon, warned this week that a combination of factors in the wake of the recent banking crisis will “weigh on” the economy in the coming months.

“The economy is unwell. It’s not the flu, but it is a throat ache,” he wrote in a Wednesday research note. Citing stubborn inflation, high interest rates, and a reduction in the availability of loans for businesses and consumers, he added that “it could get worse before it gets better” and his firm continues to project a midyear recession.

The key to Daco’s recession forecast is the ailing American consumer. Even in the face of four-decade-high inflation and rapid interest rate hikes, Americans have buoyed the economy with their spending over the past year. That’s critical, because spending alone represents nearly 70% of U.S. gross domestic product. But there’s been “significant cooling” in spending over recent weeks, Daco said, and he believes that will continue throughout the year.

Retail sales slowed 0.4% month over month in February in a sign consumers are feeling the pinch of high prices. And Costco, which was a pillar of strength among retailers throughout the pandemic, revealed its first same-store sales decrease in over three years Wednesday. U.S. same-store sales dropped 1.5% in March, while e-commerce sales were down 12.7%.

Daco went on to warn that the historically tight labor market that has helped buoy the U.S. economy over the past few years may be cracking as well. “Our conversations with business executives indicate that hiring efforts have been scaled back notably across numerous sectors,” he wrote. And “business investment activity is softening,” he added, pointing to the latest ISM manufacturing survey index, which showed new orders, employment, and backlogs all contracting in the sector.

Daco said he believes that by late summer, when the Federal Reserve meets for its annual central bank symposium at Jackson Hole, Wyo., “the economy will already be in a recession,” and the job losses and even “potential adverse financial market ramifications” from that recession will lead central bankers to cut rates.

“As I’ve stressed before, even though we do not see evidence of broad-based economic imbalances, recessions are often non-linear psychological events,” he wrote, arguing economic downturns can play out slowly and unpredictably.

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