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衰退期的最佳投資策略:別保守

最好的做法是更激進(jìn)地投資于高回報(bào)資產(chǎn)。

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經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退是為隨之而來的市場反彈做準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)期。圖片來源:GETTY IMAGES

由于失業(yè)率處于低位,經(jīng)濟(jì)蓬勃發(fā)展(盡管或許出現(xiàn)放緩),衰退似乎還很遙遠(yuǎn)。但這種繁榮導(dǎo)致通脹飆升,為了遏制物價(jià)上漲,美聯(lián)儲快速加息,幾乎已經(jīng)預(yù)示了一場經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的到來。盡管一些投資者仍認(rèn)為美聯(lián)儲有望在不讓美國經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入衰退的情況下抗擊通脹,但如果下一次衰退最終確實(shí)對美國經(jīng)濟(jì)造成打擊,那么最好的投資方式是什么?

經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退時(shí)期的最佳投資策略

在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間,最好的投資可能與你想象中不同。許多投資者變得更加保守,這是不對的,因?yàn)殚L遠(yuǎn)看來,最好的做法是變得更加激進(jìn),加大對可能提供更高回報(bào)的資產(chǎn)的敞口。

理由很簡單:股市下跌后,投資者可以憑較低價(jià)格買入這些生意的未來增長。這是經(jīng)典的“低買高賣”,每個(gè)人都知道,但很少有人能做到,因?yàn)樵谑袌龅兔詴r(shí)期,恐懼往往會阻礙我們行動。

“等我們知道已經(jīng)處于經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退中時(shí),股票投資市場的估值可能更接近底部,而不是頂部——而且很多時(shí)候,這些市場已經(jīng)走在反彈的路上了,”達(dá)拉斯奧贊金融顧問公司(Ozanne Financial Advisors)總裁泰勒·奧贊說。

他說:“換句話說,等我們知道已經(jīng)處于衰退中時(shí),再往安全的地方逃就太晚了——你早就應(yīng)該這么做了?!?/p>

相反,衰退是為隨之而來的市場反彈做準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)候。當(dāng)然,經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退不僅僅是市場低迷,衰退期經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩,可能會讓你失業(yè),并帶來其他財(cái)務(wù)困難。你如何平衡這些可能出現(xiàn)的后果?

以下是在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間可以考慮的四項(xiàng)投資,還有三項(xiàng)最好應(yīng)當(dāng)避免的投資。

經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間可以考慮的四項(xiàng)投資

當(dāng)市場下跌時(shí),許多投資者的第一反應(yīng)是退場,以停止虧錢的痛苦。在這種時(shí)刻,市場上的股票在打折,對于此時(shí)購入股票的投資者來說,其實(shí)未來的回報(bào)率在增加。優(yōu)秀的公司能夠在未來10到20年繼續(xù)繁榮發(fā)展,因此資產(chǎn)價(jià)格下跌意味著你未來的潛在回報(bào)會更高。

因此,經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間——價(jià)格通常較低——正是獲得更高回報(bào)的時(shí)候。如果在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間進(jìn)行以下投資,將來可能會獲得更高的回報(bào)。

股票基金

股票基金,無論是ETF還是共同基金,都是經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間比較好的投資產(chǎn)品。基金的波動性往往低于由幾只股票組成的投資組合,投資者買入基金,不是押注于某一支股票,而是押注于經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇和市場情緒上升。如果你能忍受短期波動,持有股票基金就有可能獲得較高的長期回報(bào)。

對于那些不想麻煩也不愿意冒險(xiǎn)投資個(gè)股的投資者來說,充分分散的基金是不錯(cuò)之選。其中一個(gè)合適的選擇是基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)的指數(shù)基金,這個(gè)指數(shù)相當(dāng)均衡,包括數(shù)百家美國最好的公司,長期回報(bào)率約為10%。與其試圖挑選贏家,不如擁有整個(gè)市場的其中一小份。

印第安納波利斯地區(qū)Evans May Wealth管理合伙人、金融理財(cái)師布魯克·梅說:“持有均衡投資組合的投資者需要提醒自己,市場總會從低迷中復(fù)蘇”。

分紅股

如果你想要一個(gè)波動較小的投資組合,或許可以加入一些分紅股。高質(zhì)量的分紅股往往比其他類型股票(如增長股) 的波動更小,這就意味著你的投資組合波動更小。此外,他們可以提供現(xiàn)金股息,確保你在等待市場回暖期間仍有收益入賬。

覺得自己沒有足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來挑選分紅股?購買分紅股基金,享受分散化帶來的低風(fēng)險(xiǎn),同時(shí)還能享受穩(wěn)定的股息收益。此外,如果你在股價(jià)較低時(shí)買入,你將獲得更高的總收益率。

房地產(chǎn)

經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間,房地產(chǎn)可能是一項(xiàng)頗有吸引力的投資,原因有以下幾點(diǎn)。首先,相較于經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)強(qiáng)勁時(shí),房價(jià)可能更低。然后,當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)好轉(zhuǎn),消費(fèi)者手頭現(xiàn)金更充裕時(shí),你的房產(chǎn)價(jià)值可能會上漲。

其次,在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間,你能拿到更合適的抵押貸款,因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)的利率可能比其他時(shí)間低得多。你可以為未來幾十年鎖定一個(gè)頗為吸引人的月供,所以即使以后利率上升,你仍然擁有低于市場的房貸利率。

許多投資者在過去幾年正是這樣做的,他們拿到的30年期抵押貸款利率還不足3%。隨著現(xiàn)在和未來幾年通脹上升,他們在用更便宜的美元還款,房產(chǎn)因此成為一種有吸引力的通脹對沖工具。

高收益儲蓄賬戶

現(xiàn)金?是的,現(xiàn)金在短期內(nèi)是一種很好的投資,因?yàn)樵S多衰退通常不會持續(xù)太久。現(xiàn)金給了你很多選擇。你可以在需要的時(shí)候花掉它,比如說你在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間丟了工作,現(xiàn)金還可以讓你在股市突然大跌時(shí),或者你找到了完美的房子時(shí),確保你能抓住機(jī)會進(jìn)行投資。

但持有過多現(xiàn)金也有不利的一面。通貨膨脹會吞掉你的錢,而你賺的利息可能追不上通脹。所以,要把錢存在收益率高的在線儲蓄賬戶,并將其用于戰(zhàn)略目的。

衰退期間應(yīng)避免的三種投資

如果遇上了經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,記住要專注于確保你的下一個(gè)投資決策是正確的。由于市場具有前瞻性,在經(jīng)濟(jì)明確陷入衰退之前,價(jià)格可能已經(jīng)下降了一些。因此,那些因?yàn)閮r(jià)格穩(wěn)定甚至上漲而讓人覺得很安全的投資,在未來可能并不是特別有吸引力的選擇。

債券

總體而言,債券往往比股票更安全,但重要的是,購買債券的時(shí)機(jī)有好有壞,而這些時(shí)機(jī)主要集中在現(xiàn)行利率出現(xiàn)變化的時(shí)候。這是因?yàn)槔噬仙龝蛡瘍r(jià)格,而利率下降則會推高債券價(jià)格。長期債券受利率變化的影響比短期債券更大。

由于投資者開始預(yù)判到經(jīng)濟(jì)會出現(xiàn)衰退,他們可能會逃往相對安全的債券。通常情況下,他們預(yù)計(jì)美聯(lián)儲會降息,債券價(jià)格會因此維持上漲。所以,如果利率還未下調(diào),正在進(jìn)入衰退期時(shí)可能是購買債券的一個(gè)有利時(shí)機(jī)。

另一方面,購買債券最糟糕的時(shí)機(jī)之一是在利率很快就會上升時(shí)。這種情況發(fā)生在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退出現(xiàn)之后。投資者可能會感覺債券比較安全,與股市的波動比起來更是如此,但隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)增長,現(xiàn)行利率或?qū)⒊霈F(xiàn)上漲,債券價(jià)格將出現(xiàn)下跌。

高負(fù)債公司

梅提醒到:“應(yīng)該避免那些對高利率更加敏感的高負(fù)債公司?!?/p>

高負(fù)債公司的股票通常會在衰退前和衰退期間大幅下跌。投資者預(yù)判到公司資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上的債務(wù)伴隨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),通過降低股價(jià)來反映這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果公司遭遇銷售額下降(經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間往往如此),可能將無法支付債務(wù)利息,而不得不違約。

因此,衰退對于負(fù)債累累的公司來說可能非常艱難。但是,正如奧贊所說,如果公司能夠存活下來,或許會提供一個(gè)很有吸引力的回報(bào)。也就是說,市場對該公司的定價(jià)是死亡,而如果死亡并未出現(xiàn),股價(jià)可能會迅速上漲。不過,這家公司也很有可能撐不下去,讓剩下的投資者承擔(dān)損失。

期權(quán)等高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資產(chǎn)

期權(quán)等其他高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資產(chǎn)也不適合經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。期權(quán)是一種押注股票價(jià)格將在特定時(shí)間高于或低于特定價(jià)格的交易。這是一種高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、高回報(bào)的策略,但經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的不確定性使期權(quán)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)被放大了。

持有期權(quán),你不僅要正確地預(yù)測或猜測未來股票價(jià)格的走勢,你還必須準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測這種變化何時(shí)會發(fā)生。如果你錯(cuò)了,你可能會失去所有的本金,或者被迫投入更多的錢。

控制你的情緒

專家們常說,在市場波動期間控制情緒很重要,在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間同樣如此。哪怕是最好的財(cái)務(wù)計(jì)劃,也可能被情緒化的決定破壞,以下是專家的建議:

? 堅(jiān)持你的長期計(jì)劃。奧贊說:“制定一個(gè)長期投資策略或計(jì)劃,無論經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢如何,都要堅(jiān)持下去?!彼赋隽朔稚⑼顿Y組合的價(jià)值,稱這種投資方式可以幫助投資者安然度過市場動蕩。

? 準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)急基金。在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的不確定性時(shí)期,應(yīng)急基金尤其有用。它不僅可以幫助你度過難關(guān),還可以幫助你拿住手中投資,給你的投資足夠時(shí)間再次上漲。你一定不希望在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間不得不動用你的投資來支付賬單。

? 不要盯盤。梅說:“如果股市的波動讓你夜不能寐,那就不要每天都盯著股價(jià)看?!?/p>

? 好年頭比壞年頭多?!皬臍v史上看,投資市場的上漲年份比下跌年份多得多,”奧贊說?!霸诮?jīng)濟(jì)衰退和相應(yīng)的負(fù)面市場環(huán)境下,要記住,投資的好日子可能就在前面。”

? 找一個(gè)聰明的顧問。奧贊說:“在充滿情緒的這段時(shí)間里,讓一個(gè)客觀的人給你講講道理、邏輯和策略,可以保護(hù)投資者不犯一些可能會極大影響長期投資收益的錯(cuò)誤?!?/p>

如果你正在尋找一位能讓你滿意的顧問,可以點(diǎn)擊此鏈接(https://www.bankrate.com/investing/how-to-choose-a-financial-advisor),閱讀選擇顧問的一些建議。

底線

經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間的投資經(jīng)歷可能充滿煩惱和焦慮,因?yàn)槭袌鰰植环€(wěn)定,你會想要試圖避免短期損失。但在這個(gè)過程中,你可能會損害你的長期回報(bào)。因此,更重要的是專注于你的長期計(jì)劃以及未來市場好轉(zhuǎn)后的好日子。無論使用什么樣的方式,都不要讓個(gè)人情緒影響決策。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

本文最初發(fā)表于Bankrate.com。

譯者:Agatha

由于失業(yè)率處于低位,經(jīng)濟(jì)蓬勃發(fā)展(盡管或許出現(xiàn)放緩),衰退似乎還很遙遠(yuǎn)。但這種繁榮導(dǎo)致通脹飆升,為了遏制物價(jià)上漲,美聯(lián)儲快速加息,幾乎已經(jīng)預(yù)示了一場經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的到來。盡管一些投資者仍認(rèn)為美聯(lián)儲有望在不讓美國經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入衰退的情況下抗擊通脹,但如果下一次衰退最終確實(shí)對美國經(jīng)濟(jì)造成打擊,那么最好的投資方式是什么?

經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退時(shí)期的最佳投資策略

在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間,最好的投資可能與你想象中不同。許多投資者變得更加保守,這是不對的,因?yàn)殚L遠(yuǎn)看來,最好的做法是變得更加激進(jìn),加大對可能提供更高回報(bào)的資產(chǎn)的敞口。

理由很簡單:股市下跌后,投資者可以憑較低價(jià)格買入這些生意的未來增長。這是經(jīng)典的“低買高賣”,每個(gè)人都知道,但很少有人能做到,因?yàn)樵谑袌龅兔詴r(shí)期,恐懼往往會阻礙我們行動。

“等我們知道已經(jīng)處于經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退中時(shí),股票投資市場的估值可能更接近底部,而不是頂部——而且很多時(shí)候,這些市場已經(jīng)走在反彈的路上了,”達(dá)拉斯奧贊金融顧問公司(Ozanne Financial Advisors)總裁泰勒·奧贊說。

他說:“換句話說,等我們知道已經(jīng)處于衰退中時(shí),再往安全的地方逃就太晚了——你早就應(yīng)該這么做了。”

相反,衰退是為隨之而來的市場反彈做準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)候。當(dāng)然,經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退不僅僅是市場低迷,衰退期經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩,可能會讓你失業(yè),并帶來其他財(cái)務(wù)困難。你如何平衡這些可能出現(xiàn)的后果?

以下是在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間可以考慮的四項(xiàng)投資,還有三項(xiàng)最好應(yīng)當(dāng)避免的投資。

經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間可以考慮的四項(xiàng)投資

當(dāng)市場下跌時(shí),許多投資者的第一反應(yīng)是退場,以停止虧錢的痛苦。在這種時(shí)刻,市場上的股票在打折,對于此時(shí)購入股票的投資者來說,其實(shí)未來的回報(bào)率在增加。優(yōu)秀的公司能夠在未來10到20年繼續(xù)繁榮發(fā)展,因此資產(chǎn)價(jià)格下跌意味著你未來的潛在回報(bào)會更高。

因此,經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間——價(jià)格通常較低——正是獲得更高回報(bào)的時(shí)候。如果在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間進(jìn)行以下投資,將來可能會獲得更高的回報(bào)。

股票基金

股票基金,無論是ETF還是共同基金,都是經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間比較好的投資產(chǎn)品?;鸬牟▌有酝陀谟蓭字还善苯M成的投資組合,投資者買入基金,不是押注于某一支股票,而是押注于經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇和市場情緒上升。如果你能忍受短期波動,持有股票基金就有可能獲得較高的長期回報(bào)。

對于那些不想麻煩也不愿意冒險(xiǎn)投資個(gè)股的投資者來說,充分分散的基金是不錯(cuò)之選。其中一個(gè)合適的選擇是基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)的指數(shù)基金,這個(gè)指數(shù)相當(dāng)均衡,包括數(shù)百家美國最好的公司,長期回報(bào)率約為10%。與其試圖挑選贏家,不如擁有整個(gè)市場的其中一小份。

印第安納波利斯地區(qū)Evans May Wealth管理合伙人、金融理財(cái)師布魯克·梅說:“持有均衡投資組合的投資者需要提醒自己,市場總會從低迷中復(fù)蘇”。

分紅股

如果你想要一個(gè)波動較小的投資組合,或許可以加入一些分紅股。高質(zhì)量的分紅股往往比其他類型股票(如增長股) 的波動更小,這就意味著你的投資組合波動更小。此外,他們可以提供現(xiàn)金股息,確保你在等待市場回暖期間仍有收益入賬。

覺得自己沒有足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來挑選分紅股?購買分紅股基金,享受分散化帶來的低風(fēng)險(xiǎn),同時(shí)還能享受穩(wěn)定的股息收益。此外,如果你在股價(jià)較低時(shí)買入,你將獲得更高的總收益率。

房地產(chǎn)

經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間,房地產(chǎn)可能是一項(xiàng)頗有吸引力的投資,原因有以下幾點(diǎn)。首先,相較于經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)強(qiáng)勁時(shí),房價(jià)可能更低。然后,當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)好轉(zhuǎn),消費(fèi)者手頭現(xiàn)金更充裕時(shí),你的房產(chǎn)價(jià)值可能會上漲。

其次,在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間,你能拿到更合適的抵押貸款,因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)的利率可能比其他時(shí)間低得多。你可以為未來幾十年鎖定一個(gè)頗為吸引人的月供,所以即使以后利率上升,你仍然擁有低于市場的房貸利率。

許多投資者在過去幾年正是這樣做的,他們拿到的30年期抵押貸款利率還不足3%。隨著現(xiàn)在和未來幾年通脹上升,他們在用更便宜的美元還款,房產(chǎn)因此成為一種有吸引力的通脹對沖工具。

高收益儲蓄賬戶

現(xiàn)金?是的,現(xiàn)金在短期內(nèi)是一種很好的投資,因?yàn)樵S多衰退通常不會持續(xù)太久。現(xiàn)金給了你很多選擇。你可以在需要的時(shí)候花掉它,比如說你在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間丟了工作,現(xiàn)金還可以讓你在股市突然大跌時(shí),或者你找到了完美的房子時(shí),確保你能抓住機(jī)會進(jìn)行投資。

但持有過多現(xiàn)金也有不利的一面。通貨膨脹會吞掉你的錢,而你賺的利息可能追不上通脹。所以,要把錢存在收益率高的在線儲蓄賬戶,并將其用于戰(zhàn)略目的。

衰退期間應(yīng)避免的三種投資

如果遇上了經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,記住要專注于確保你的下一個(gè)投資決策是正確的。由于市場具有前瞻性,在經(jīng)濟(jì)明確陷入衰退之前,價(jià)格可能已經(jīng)下降了一些。因此,那些因?yàn)閮r(jià)格穩(wěn)定甚至上漲而讓人覺得很安全的投資,在未來可能并不是特別有吸引力的選擇。

債券

總體而言,債券往往比股票更安全,但重要的是,購買債券的時(shí)機(jī)有好有壞,而這些時(shí)機(jī)主要集中在現(xiàn)行利率出現(xiàn)變化的時(shí)候。這是因?yàn)槔噬仙龝蛡瘍r(jià)格,而利率下降則會推高債券價(jià)格。長期債券受利率變化的影響比短期債券更大。

由于投資者開始預(yù)判到經(jīng)濟(jì)會出現(xiàn)衰退,他們可能會逃往相對安全的債券。通常情況下,他們預(yù)計(jì)美聯(lián)儲會降息,債券價(jià)格會因此維持上漲。所以,如果利率還未下調(diào),正在進(jìn)入衰退期時(shí)可能是購買債券的一個(gè)有利時(shí)機(jī)。

另一方面,購買債券最糟糕的時(shí)機(jī)之一是在利率很快就會上升時(shí)。這種情況發(fā)生在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退出現(xiàn)之后。投資者可能會感覺債券比較安全,與股市的波動比起來更是如此,但隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)增長,現(xiàn)行利率或?qū)⒊霈F(xiàn)上漲,債券價(jià)格將出現(xiàn)下跌。

高負(fù)債公司

梅提醒到:“應(yīng)該避免那些對高利率更加敏感的高負(fù)債公司?!?/p>

高負(fù)債公司的股票通常會在衰退前和衰退期間大幅下跌。投資者預(yù)判到公司資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上的債務(wù)伴隨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),通過降低股價(jià)來反映這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果公司遭遇銷售額下降(經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間往往如此),可能將無法支付債務(wù)利息,而不得不違約。

因此,衰退對于負(fù)債累累的公司來說可能非常艱難。但是,正如奧贊所說,如果公司能夠存活下來,或許會提供一個(gè)很有吸引力的回報(bào)。也就是說,市場對該公司的定價(jià)是死亡,而如果死亡并未出現(xiàn),股價(jià)可能會迅速上漲。不過,這家公司也很有可能撐不下去,讓剩下的投資者承擔(dān)損失。

期權(quán)等高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資產(chǎn)

期權(quán)等其他高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資產(chǎn)也不適合經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。期權(quán)是一種押注股票價(jià)格將在特定時(shí)間高于或低于特定價(jià)格的交易。這是一種高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、高回報(bào)的策略,但經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的不確定性使期權(quán)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)被放大了。

持有期權(quán),你不僅要正確地預(yù)測或猜測未來股票價(jià)格的走勢,你還必須準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測這種變化何時(shí)會發(fā)生。如果你錯(cuò)了,你可能會失去所有的本金,或者被迫投入更多的錢。

控制你的情緒

專家們常說,在市場波動期間控制情緒很重要,在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間同樣如此。哪怕是最好的財(cái)務(wù)計(jì)劃,也可能被情緒化的決定破壞,以下是專家的建議:

? 堅(jiān)持你的長期計(jì)劃。奧贊說:“制定一個(gè)長期投資策略或計(jì)劃,無論經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢如何,都要堅(jiān)持下去?!彼赋隽朔稚⑼顿Y組合的價(jià)值,稱這種投資方式可以幫助投資者安然度過市場動蕩。

? 準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)急基金。在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的不確定性時(shí)期,應(yīng)急基金尤其有用。它不僅可以幫助你度過難關(guān),還可以幫助你拿住手中投資,給你的投資足夠時(shí)間再次上漲。你一定不希望在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間不得不動用你的投資來支付賬單。

? 不要盯盤。梅說:“如果股市的波動讓你夜不能寐,那就不要每天都盯著股價(jià)看。”

? 好年頭比壞年頭多。“從歷史上看,投資市場的上漲年份比下跌年份多得多,”奧贊說。“在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退和相應(yīng)的負(fù)面市場環(huán)境下,要記住,投資的好日子可能就在前面?!?

? 找一個(gè)聰明的顧問。奧贊說:“在充滿情緒的這段時(shí)間里,讓一個(gè)客觀的人給你講講道理、邏輯和策略,可以保護(hù)投資者不犯一些可能會極大影響長期投資收益的錯(cuò)誤?!?/p>

如果你正在尋找一位能讓你滿意的顧問,可以點(diǎn)擊此鏈接(https://www.bankrate.com/investing/how-to-choose-a-financial-advisor),閱讀選擇顧問的一些建議。

底線

經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間的投資經(jīng)歷可能充滿煩惱和焦慮,因?yàn)槭袌鰰植环€(wěn)定,你會想要試圖避免短期損失。但在這個(gè)過程中,你可能會損害你的長期回報(bào)。因此,更重要的是專注于你的長期計(jì)劃以及未來市場好轉(zhuǎn)后的好日子。無論使用什么樣的方式,都不要讓個(gè)人情緒影響決策。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

本文最初發(fā)表于Bankrate.com。

譯者:Agatha

With low unemployment and a booming, if slowing, economy, a recession may seem a ways off. But that boom has led to surging inflation, and to combat higher prices, the Federal Reserve has all but promised a recession by rapidly raising interest rates. While some investors remain hopeful that the central bank can fight inflation without pushing the U.S. economy into a recession, what’s the best way to invest when the next recession does end up hitting the economy?

Best investments during a recession

The best investments during a recession may not be what you expect. Many investors make the mistake of becoming more conservative, when the best long-term course of action is to become more aggressive, ramping up exposure to assets that may offer potentially higher returns.

The rationale is simple: After stocks have fallen, investors are paying a lower price for the future growth of those businesses. It’s the classic “buy low, sell high” that everyone knows but that relatively few can practice because fear so often gets in our way during a market downturn.

“Once we know we are in an economic recession, the equity investment markets are probably closer to the bottom than they are to the top in valuations – and many times those markets are already well on their way in a rebound,” says M. Tyler Ozanne, CFP, president at Ozanne Financial Advisors in Dallas.

“In other words, once we know we are in a recession, it is too late to flee to safety – you should have done that already,” he says.

Instead, a recession is a time to prepare for the ensuing rebound in markets. Of course, a recession is not just a downturn in the market, it’s also a slowing economy that could throw you out of work and cause other financial distress. How do you balance these potential outcomes?

Here are four investments to consider making during a recession and three that are likely best to avoid.

4 investments to consider if a recession happens

When markets fall, the first response for many investors is to bail out in order to stop the pain of losing money. By discounting stocks in these moments, the market is actually increasing the future returns for investors who buy in. Great companies are well positioned to continue to thrive in 10 and 20 years, so a decline in asset prices means your potential future returns are even bigger.

So a recession – when prices are usually lower – is exactly the time to score higher returns. The investments below offer the potential for higher returns over time if made during a recession.

Stock funds

A stock fund, either an ETF or a mutual fund, is a great way to invest during a recession. A fund tends to be less volatile than a portfolio of a few stocks, and investors are wagering less on any single stock than they are on the economy’s return and a rise in market sentiment. And a stock fund offers the potential for high long-term returns if you can stomach the short-term volatility.

Well-diversified funds are a good option for investors who don’t want the hassle and risks of investing in individual stocks. One sound choice is an index fund based on the Standard & Poor’s 500, a well-balanced index that includes hundreds of America’s best companies and has returned about 10 percent over time. Rather than try to pick the winners, you own a piece of the market as a whole.

“Investors with a well-balanced portfolio need to remind themselves that the market has always come back” from downturns, says Brooke V. May, CFP, managing partner at Evans May Wealth in the Indianapolis area.

Dividend stocks

If you want a portfolio that may be somewhat less volatile, you might want to add some dividend stocks. High-quality dividend stocks tend to fluctuate less than other kinds of stocks (growth stocks, for example), meaning your portfolio will bounce around less. Plus, they can offer a cash dividend that ensures you’re getting some income while you’re waiting for the market to turn.

Don’t feel experienced enough to pick your own dividend stocks? Buy a dividend stock fund and enjoy the reduced risk that comes with diversification and still enjoy a solid dividend yield. Plus, if you buy while stock prices are lower, you’ll enjoy a higher total yield.

Real estate

Real estate can be an attractive investment during a recession for a few reasons. First, you may be able to buy at a cheaper price than during a strong economy. Then when the economy picks up and consumers are more flush with cash, the value of your real estate may rise.

Second, you may be able to get a much better mortgage rate during a recession, when rates are likely to be much lower than otherwise. You can lock in an attractive mortgage payment for potentially decades, so even if rates rise later, you still have that below-market mortgage rate.

Many investors did exactly this in the last few years, scoring a 30-year mortgage below 3 percent. As inflation rises now and in future years, they’re paying back the mortgage with cheaper dollars, making real estate an attractive inflation hedge.

High-yield savings account

Cash? Yes, cash can be a good investment in the short term, since many recessions often don’t last too long. Cash gives you a lot of options. You can spend it if you need to, for example, if you lose your job during a recession, and it allows you to make an opportunistic investment if the stock market suddenly sells off or you find the perfect house later on.

But there is a downside to holding too much cash. Inflation can eat away at your money, and you likely won’t earn enough interest to overcome it. So, stick your cash in a high-yield online savings account and keep it for strategic purposes.

3 investments to avoid if the market is stung by a recession

If a recession hits, it’s important to focus on making the next right investment decision. And because the market is forward-looking, prices will have probably declined some before it’s clear that the economy is even in a recession. So investments that feel safe – because their price has held up or even risen – may not be especially attractive picks going forward

Bonds

Bonds tend to be safer than stocks overall, but it’s important to remember that there are good times and bad times to buy bonds, and those times are centered around when prevailing interest rates are changing. That’s because a rise in interest rates pushes bond prices lower, while a decline in interest rates pushes bond prices higher. Bonds with long-term maturities will feel the effects of changing interest rates more than short-term bonds will.

As investors start to anticipate a recession, they may flee to the relative safety of bonds. Typically, they’re expecting the Federal Reserve to lower interest rates, helping to keep bond prices up. So going into a recession may be an attractive time to purchase bonds if rates haven’t yet fallen.

On the other hand, one of the worst times to buy bonds is when interest rates are poised to rise in the near future. And that situation occurs in a recession and afterward. Investors may feel safe with bonds, especially compared to the volatility in stocks, but as the economy returns to growth, prevailing interest rates will tend to climb and bond prices will fall.

Highly indebted companies

May warns, “Companies with high debt loads that are sensitive to higher interest rates should be avoided.”

The stocks of highly indebted companies usually fall significantly before and during a recession. Investors anticipate the risk presented by the debt on a company’s balance sheet, and mark down the stock price to reflect this risk. If the company suffers a decline in sales, which is typical during a recession, it may not be able to pay the interest on its debt and may have to default.

So recessions can be very hard on indebted companies. But, as Ozanne acknowledges, if the company can survive, it may offer an attractive return. That is, the market may be pricing the company for death and when it doesn’t arrive, the stock can rise high quickly. Still, it’s quite possible that the company does not survive, leaving the remaining investors holding the bag.

High-risk assets such as options

Other high-risk assets such as options are not suitable for recessions. Options are a bet that a stock price will finish above or below a certain price by a certain time. They’re a high-risk, high-reward strategy, but the uncertainty surrounding a recession makes them even riskier.

Not only do you have to correctly predict, or guess, what will happen to a stock price in the future with options, you have to foretell when it will happen, too. And if you’re wrong, you could lose your whole investment or be forced to put up more money than you have.

Keep your emotions in check

Experts routinely point to the importance of keeping your emotions in check during periods of volatility, as often happen during recessions. Making decisions from a place of emotion can derail even the best financial plan, and here’s how experts recommend you deal with it:

? Stick with your long-term plan. “Have a long-term investment strategy or plan and stick with it no matter what the economy is doing,” says Ozanne. He points to the value of having a diversified portfolio, which can help investors weather the market’s turmoil.

? Have an emergency fund. An emergency fund can be especially helpful during the economic uncertainty of a recession. Not only can it help tide you over, but it can also help you stay invested, giving your investments time to rise again. You don’t want to have to touch your investments in the middle of a recession just to pay your bills.

? Stop watching the market. “If the volatility leaves you up at night, avoid watching values on a daily basis,” says May.

? There are more good years than bad. “Historically, there are way more positive years in the investment markets than there are negative years,” says Ozanne. “In a recession, and corresponding negative market environment, it is good to remember that better investment days are probably ahead.”

? Seek out a smart advisor. “Having an unbiased party speak reason, logic, and strategy in an emotionally charged period of time can save investors from making mistakes that could dramatically affect the long-term impact on their investment outcomes,” says Ozanne.

If you’re looking for an advisor who will do right by you, here’s how to choose one.

Bottom line

Investing during a recession can be a fraught experience because the market can be highly volatile and you’ll likely try to avoid short-term losses. But in the process, you may end up hurting your long-term returns. So it’s important to stay focused on your long-term plan and the better days ahead once the market turns back around. Work to keep your emotions from driving your decision-making in whatever way works best for you.

This article was originally published on Bankrate.com.

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