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錢應(yīng)該往哪里投?聽聽高盛集團(tuán)怎么說

Will Daniel
2022-09-12

當(dāng)前,每個(gè)投資者都在重新評(píng)估自己的投資組合。

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圖片來(lái)源:MICHAEL M. SANTIAGO—GETTY IMAGES

2022年,美國(guó)投資者的日子不太好過:股市一片哀嚎,債市歷史最差,比特幣(Bitcoin)等主要加密貨幣市值重挫,甚至一度火爆的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)也已經(jīng)露出疲態(tài)。

放眼四望,各類資產(chǎn)的價(jià)格都在下跌。也就是說,今年如果你想給自己的閑錢找個(gè)去處、賺取一些回報(bào),可能不太容易。

話雖如此,在9月6日發(fā)布的一份研報(bào)中,由高盛集團(tuán)(Goldman Sachs)的首席美股策略師大衛(wèi)·科斯廷領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的團(tuán)隊(duì)依然為想要平穩(wěn)渡過這種動(dòng)蕩市場(chǎng)的投資者提出了一些建議。

相關(guān)建議主要圍繞一個(gè)(對(duì)股市投資者而言)老生常談的問題展開:價(jià)值型股票和成長(zhǎng)型股票相比,哪個(gè)更值得投資?又或者,在當(dāng)下這種市場(chǎng)中,二者是否均不是上佳選擇?

成長(zhǎng)型股票 vs. 價(jià)值型股票

在外行人眼中,相較于基本面(即收入、凈利潤(rùn)、現(xiàn)金流等),價(jià)值型股票的價(jià)格低于大多數(shù)上市公司股票,而成長(zhǎng)型股票由于增長(zhǎng)速度明顯高于市場(chǎng)平均水平,價(jià)格要高出許多。

Lyft就是典型的成長(zhǎng)型股票,作為一家共享出行領(lǐng)域的巨頭企業(yè),該公司今年的銷售額預(yù)計(jì)將增長(zhǎng)27%,市場(chǎng)估值也很高,但該公司今年春季的季度凈利為負(fù)。換句話說,投資者投資該公司看中的就是成長(zhǎng)性。

惠普(Hewlett - Packard)則是典型的價(jià)值型股票。作為一家是跨國(guó)科技巨頭,該公司今年春季的季度收入僅增長(zhǎng)不到5%,不過其股票的市盈率僅為8倍,而標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)(S&P 500)的平均市盈率為13.1倍,因此不失為一種穩(wěn)健的投資選擇。

對(duì)投資者而言,在價(jià)值型股票和成長(zhǎng)型股票之間進(jìn)行選擇一直是道難題,但自金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)以來(lái),在科技企業(yè)高歌猛進(jìn)的引領(lǐng)之下,成長(zhǎng)型股票過去幾年交出了令人難以置信的亮眼答卷。

不過高盛認(rèn)為,隨著美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)(Federal Reserve)加息、衰退風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加劇、通脹見頂,價(jià)值型股票即將迎來(lái)屬于自己的時(shí)代。

高盛團(tuán)隊(duì)寫道:“從股市目前的相對(duì)估值來(lái)看,價(jià)值因素將在中期(為投資者)帶來(lái)強(qiáng)勁回報(bào)”,并補(bǔ)充稱,未來(lái)一年,價(jià)值型股票的表現(xiàn)將比成長(zhǎng)型股票高出3個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

高盛認(rèn)為,要想讓成長(zhǎng)型股票跑贏標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù),需要具備兩個(gè)前提條件:一是“軟著陸”,二是利率下降。在此背景之下,投資者在對(duì)成長(zhǎng)型股票進(jìn)行投資時(shí)或?qū)⒏呏?jǐn)慎。

除此之外,從業(yè)績(jī)和收入乘數(shù)方面來(lái)看,成長(zhǎng)型股票現(xiàn)在的價(jià)格也太過高昂。

“有時(shí),由于市場(chǎng)預(yù)期個(gè)股營(yíng)收將會(huì)迅速飆升,超高估值也能得到市場(chǎng)認(rèn)可,但在當(dāng)下這種情況,僅憑預(yù)期似乎(即便正確)不能說明成長(zhǎng)型股票估值的合理性。”高盛團(tuán)隊(duì)如是寫道。

高盛的策略師還指出,從歷史上看,在衰退開始前后,價(jià)值型股票的表現(xiàn)向來(lái)優(yōu)于成長(zhǎng)型股票。在多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)今年美國(guó)將出現(xiàn)衰退的背景之下,避開定價(jià)過高的成長(zhǎng)型股票、轉(zhuǎn)而投向價(jià)值型股票或許也不失為一種可行的策略。

不過需要注意的是,高盛的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為,明年美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)衰退的可能性僅為三分之一,在2024年9月前出現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的可能性則為48%。

高盛的團(tuán)隊(duì)也指出,從歷史上看,以消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)(CPI)衡量,在通脹見頂前后,價(jià)值型股票的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于成長(zhǎng)型股票。今年8月,高盛的首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家簡(jiǎn)·哈祖斯表示,通脹已經(jīng)見頂,即便今年年底通脹仍然可能高于歷史正常水平(趨勢(shì)也不會(huì)改變)。

高盛團(tuán)隊(duì)在9月7日寫道:“從歷史上看,最近8次年化核心CPI見頂后的12個(gè)月中,有7次價(jià)值型股票的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于成長(zhǎng)型股票?!?/p>

當(dāng)然,投資者可能還需要考慮另一問題,那就是高盛在其報(bào)告中并未提及上述策略,甚至對(duì)股票都?jí)焊丛峒啊?/p>

避風(fēng)港?

盡管未來(lái)一年價(jià)值型股票的表現(xiàn)可能優(yōu)于成長(zhǎng)型股票,但在投行紛紛疾呼更大痛苦還在后面的當(dāng)下,許多投資者可能并不愿意重返市場(chǎng)。

例如摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)就一再警告稱,在“火”(通脹、加息)和“冰”(經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩)的雙重打壓之下,股價(jià)低迷將會(huì)持續(xù)到2023年年末。

經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣時(shí),許多投資者會(huì)將現(xiàn)金作為自己的避風(fēng)港,但全球最大的對(duì)沖基金橋水基金(Bridgewater Associates)的創(chuàng)始人瑞·達(dá)利歐認(rèn)為,由于通脹持續(xù)走高,“現(xiàn)金目前仍屬于垃圾資產(chǎn)”。

在9月7日發(fā)布的一份研報(bào)中,瑞銀全球財(cái)富管理(UBS Global Wealth Management)的首席投資官馬克·黑費(fèi)爾表示,要想獲得更高收益,投資者還有一個(gè)選擇。

他說:“在當(dāng)前這種充滿不確定性的背景之下,就外匯市場(chǎng)而言,我們傾向于選擇瑞士法郎作為避風(fēng)港?!庇捎诨茉磧H占該國(guó)能源產(chǎn)能的5%,所以相較周邊鄰國(guó),該國(guó)受歐洲能源危機(jī)的影響較小。此外,該國(guó)貨幣還擁有央行支持,后者既有意愿也有能力將通脹迅速拉回目標(biāo)水平?!?/p>

今年6月以來(lái),瑞士法郎兌歐元已經(jīng)升值逾7%,因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)衰退擔(dān)憂加劇,投資者繼續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)向瑞士法郎這一避險(xiǎn)資產(chǎn)。正如Lombard Odier Private Bank的首席投資官斯特凡娜·莫尼爾在8月31日的一篇文章中所說的那樣:

“瑞士國(guó)家銀行(Swiss National Bank)正在通過提升利率應(yīng)對(duì)物價(jià)上漲。與其他(國(guó)家)的決策者不同,該行顯示出了通過干預(yù)(市場(chǎng))維持瑞士法郎幣值堅(jiān)挺的決心?!?/p>

從歷史上看,瑞士法郎的表現(xiàn)較美元也更為強(qiáng)勁。自1999年問世以來(lái),瑞士法郎兌美元已經(jīng)升值30%。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:梁宇

審校:夏林

2022年,美國(guó)投資者的日子不太好過:股市一片哀嚎,債市歷史最差,比特幣(Bitcoin)等主要加密貨幣市值重挫,甚至一度火爆的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)也已經(jīng)露出疲態(tài)。

放眼四望,各類資產(chǎn)的價(jià)格都在下跌。也就是說,今年如果你想給自己的閑錢找個(gè)去處、賺取一些回報(bào),可能不太容易。

話雖如此,在9月6日發(fā)布的一份研報(bào)中,由高盛集團(tuán)(Goldman Sachs)的首席美股策略師大衛(wèi)·科斯廷領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的團(tuán)隊(duì)依然為想要平穩(wěn)渡過這種動(dòng)蕩市場(chǎng)的投資者提出了一些建議。

相關(guān)建議主要圍繞一個(gè)(對(duì)股市投資者而言)老生常談的問題展開:價(jià)值型股票和成長(zhǎng)型股票相比,哪個(gè)更值得投資?又或者,在當(dāng)下這種市場(chǎng)中,二者是否均不是上佳選擇?

成長(zhǎng)型股票 vs. 價(jià)值型股票

在外行人眼中,相較于基本面(即收入、凈利潤(rùn)、現(xiàn)金流等),價(jià)值型股票的價(jià)格低于大多數(shù)上市公司股票,而成長(zhǎng)型股票由于增長(zhǎng)速度明顯高于市場(chǎng)平均水平,價(jià)格要高出許多。

Lyft就是典型的成長(zhǎng)型股票,作為一家共享出行領(lǐng)域的巨頭企業(yè),該公司今年的銷售額預(yù)計(jì)將增長(zhǎng)27%,市場(chǎng)估值也很高,但該公司今年春季的季度凈利為負(fù)。換句話說,投資者投資該公司看中的就是成長(zhǎng)性。

惠普(Hewlett - Packard)則是典型的價(jià)值型股票。作為一家是跨國(guó)科技巨頭,該公司今年春季的季度收入僅增長(zhǎng)不到5%,不過其股票的市盈率僅為8倍,而標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)(S&P 500)的平均市盈率為13.1倍,因此不失為一種穩(wěn)健的投資選擇。

對(duì)投資者而言,在價(jià)值型股票和成長(zhǎng)型股票之間進(jìn)行選擇一直是道難題,但自金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)以來(lái),在科技企業(yè)高歌猛進(jìn)的引領(lǐng)之下,成長(zhǎng)型股票過去幾年交出了令人難以置信的亮眼答卷。

不過高盛認(rèn)為,隨著美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)(Federal Reserve)加息、衰退風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加劇、通脹見頂,價(jià)值型股票即將迎來(lái)屬于自己的時(shí)代。

高盛團(tuán)隊(duì)寫道:“從股市目前的相對(duì)估值來(lái)看,價(jià)值因素將在中期(為投資者)帶來(lái)強(qiáng)勁回報(bào)”,并補(bǔ)充稱,未來(lái)一年,價(jià)值型股票的表現(xiàn)將比成長(zhǎng)型股票高出3個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

高盛認(rèn)為,要想讓成長(zhǎng)型股票跑贏標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù),需要具備兩個(gè)前提條件:一是“軟著陸”,二是利率下降。在此背景之下,投資者在對(duì)成長(zhǎng)型股票進(jìn)行投資時(shí)或?qū)⒏呏?jǐn)慎。

除此之外,從業(yè)績(jī)和收入乘數(shù)方面來(lái)看,成長(zhǎng)型股票現(xiàn)在的價(jià)格也太過高昂。

“有時(shí),由于市場(chǎng)預(yù)期個(gè)股營(yíng)收將會(huì)迅速飆升,超高估值也能得到市場(chǎng)認(rèn)可,但在當(dāng)下這種情況,僅憑預(yù)期似乎(即便正確)不能說明成長(zhǎng)型股票估值的合理性?!备呤F(tuán)隊(duì)如是寫道。

高盛的策略師還指出,從歷史上看,在衰退開始前后,價(jià)值型股票的表現(xiàn)向來(lái)優(yōu)于成長(zhǎng)型股票。在多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)今年美國(guó)將出現(xiàn)衰退的背景之下,避開定價(jià)過高的成長(zhǎng)型股票、轉(zhuǎn)而投向價(jià)值型股票或許也不失為一種可行的策略。

不過需要注意的是,高盛的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為,明年美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)衰退的可能性僅為三分之一,在2024年9月前出現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的可能性則為48%。

高盛的團(tuán)隊(duì)也指出,從歷史上看,以消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)(CPI)衡量,在通脹見頂前后,價(jià)值型股票的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于成長(zhǎng)型股票。今年8月,高盛的首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家簡(jiǎn)·哈祖斯表示,通脹已經(jīng)見頂,即便今年年底通脹仍然可能高于歷史正常水平(趨勢(shì)也不會(huì)改變)。

高盛團(tuán)隊(duì)在9月7日寫道:“從歷史上看,最近8次年化核心CPI見頂后的12個(gè)月中,有7次價(jià)值型股票的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于成長(zhǎng)型股票?!?/p>

當(dāng)然,投資者可能還需要考慮另一問題,那就是高盛在其報(bào)告中并未提及上述策略,甚至對(duì)股票都?jí)焊丛峒啊?/p>

避風(fēng)港?

盡管未來(lái)一年價(jià)值型股票的表現(xiàn)可能優(yōu)于成長(zhǎng)型股票,但在投行紛紛疾呼更大痛苦還在后面的當(dāng)下,許多投資者可能并不愿意重返市場(chǎng)。

例如摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)就一再警告稱,在“火”(通脹、加息)和“冰”(經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩)的雙重打壓之下,股價(jià)低迷將會(huì)持續(xù)到2023年年末。

經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣時(shí),許多投資者會(huì)將現(xiàn)金作為自己的避風(fēng)港,但全球最大的對(duì)沖基金橋水基金(Bridgewater Associates)的創(chuàng)始人瑞·達(dá)利歐認(rèn)為,由于通脹持續(xù)走高,“現(xiàn)金目前仍屬于垃圾資產(chǎn)”。

在9月7日發(fā)布的一份研報(bào)中,瑞銀全球財(cái)富管理(UBS Global Wealth Management)的首席投資官馬克·黑費(fèi)爾表示,要想獲得更高收益,投資者還有一個(gè)選擇。

他說:“在當(dāng)前這種充滿不確定性的背景之下,就外匯市場(chǎng)而言,我們傾向于選擇瑞士法郎作為避風(fēng)港。”由于化石能源僅占該國(guó)能源產(chǎn)能的5%,所以相較周邊鄰國(guó),該國(guó)受歐洲能源危機(jī)的影響較小。此外,該國(guó)貨幣還擁有央行支持,后者既有意愿也有能力將通脹迅速拉回目標(biāo)水平。”

今年6月以來(lái),瑞士法郎兌歐元已經(jīng)升值逾7%,因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)衰退擔(dān)憂加劇,投資者繼續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)向瑞士法郎這一避險(xiǎn)資產(chǎn)。正如Lombard Odier Private Bank的首席投資官斯特凡娜·莫尼爾在8月31日的一篇文章中所說的那樣:

“瑞士國(guó)家銀行(Swiss National Bank)正在通過提升利率應(yīng)對(duì)物價(jià)上漲。與其他(國(guó)家)的決策者不同,該行顯示出了通過干預(yù)(市場(chǎng))維持瑞士法郎幣值堅(jiān)挺的決心。”

從歷史上看,瑞士法郎的表現(xiàn)較美元也更為強(qiáng)勁。自1999年問世以來(lái),瑞士法郎兌美元已經(jīng)升值30%。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:梁宇

審校:夏林

U.S. investors haven’t had the easiest time in 2022. The stock market is ailing; the bond market is having its worst year in history; major cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin have tanked; and even the once red-hot housing market is beginning to crack.

No matter where you look, asset prices are declining. That means it’s been a challenging year for those looking to park some extra cash in a place where it will actually generate a return, to say the least.

But a Goldman Sachs team, led by chief U.S. equity strategist David J. Kostin, gave some advice for investors looking to navigate these treacherous markets in a September 6 research note.

Their counsel centers on an age-old question for stock market investors: Which is better, value stocks or growth stocks? Or what if, these days, it’s neither?

Growth vs. Value

For the uninitiated, value stocks have lower prices relative to their fundamentals (i.e., revenues, net income, cash flows, etc.) than most publicly traded companies, while growth stocks are priced at much richer valuations because they have growth rates that are significantly higher than the market average.

Lyft is a good example of a growth stock. The rideshare giant is expected to grow sales at a 27% clip this year and is highly valued by the market, but it posted a negative net income in the spring quarter. The company’s growth is the thing to invest in, in other words.

Hewlett-Packard, on the other hand, is a solid example of a value stock. The multinational tech giant’s revenues grew by less than 5% in the spring quarter, but its stock trades at just eight times earnings, compared with the average 13.1 price/earnings ratio for the S&P 500. There’s a lot of reliable value there.

Choosing between value and growth stocks is always a challenge for investors, but in the years since the Great Financial Crisis, growth stocks witnessed an incredible era of outperformance led by high-flying tech firms.

Now though, with the Federal Reserve raising interest rates, the risk of recession rising, and inflation peaking, Goldman says value stocks are about to have their day.

“Current relative valuations within the equity market imply the value factor will generate strong returns over the medium term,” the Goldman team wrote, adding that value stocks should outperform growth stocks by three percentage points over the next year.

Investors may want to be cautious investing in growth stocks moving forward because these equities will need a “soft landing” and a decline in interest rates to outperform the S&P 500, Goldman argues.

On top of that, growth stocks look particularly expensive in terms of earnings and revenue multiples.

“Exceptionally elevated valuations can sometimes be justified by expectations for exceptionally fast earnings growth. However, expectations today—even if proven accurate—do not appear to justify current growth stock multiples,” the Goldman team wrote.

The Goldman strategists also noted that value stocks have historically outperformed growth stocks around the start of recessions. And with most economists predicting a U.S. recession this year, it may make sense to avoid richly priced growth names and seek out value plays.

However, it’s important to note that Goldman’s economists still see just a one in three chance of a U.S. recession over the next year and a 48% chance of a recession by September 2024.

Still, the Goldman team also pointed out that value stocks have historically performed better than growth stocks around peaks in inflation, as measured by the consumer price index (CPI). And Goldman’s chief economist, Jan Hatzius, said in August that he believes inflation has already peaked, even if it’s likely to remain elevated from historical norms through the end of the year.

“Value has outperformed growth in the 12 months following seven of the last eight year-over-year core CPI inflation peaks,” the Goldman team wrote on September 7.

Of course, there is another possibility investors might want to consider. Goldman didn’t mention this strategy in its note, and it doesn’t include stocks at all.

A safe haven?

While value stocks may outperform growth stocks over the coming year, many investors are likely unwilling to jump back into the market amid calls from investment banks for more pain ahead.

Morgan Stanley, for example, has repeatedly warned that a toxic economic combination of “fire”(inflation and rising interest rates) and “ice”(falling economic growth) are set to keep equity prices subdued until late 2023.

Many investors have sought to move to cash as a safe haven during these trying economic times, but Ray Dalio, founder of the world’s largest hedge fund, Bridgewater Associates, argues that “cash is still trash” owing to rising inflation.

Mark Haefele, chief investment officer at UBS Global Wealth Management, said in a September 7 research note that there is another option that may be more profitable.

“Against the current uncertain backdrop, we favor the Swiss franc as the safe haven of choice in foreign exchange markets,” he said. “The nation is less impacted by the European energy crisis than its neighbors, since fossil fuels account for just 5% of electricity production in the country. The currency is also backed by a central bank that is both willing and able to quickly bring inflation back to target.”

The Swiss franc has appreciated more than 7% against the euro since June as rising recession fears continue to drive investors to the safe haven asset. And as Stéphane Monier, chief investment officer for Lombard Odier Private Bank, said in an Aug. 31 article:

“The Swiss National Bank (SNB) is countering rising prices with higher interest rates. Unlike other policymakers, it has signaled a willingness to intervene to keep the Swiss franc strong.”

The Swiss franc also has a history of outperforming the dollar. Since its inception in 1999, the franc has gained 30% against the greenback.

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