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星巴克拋棄它曾經(jīng)引以為傲的企業(yè)文化

Aron Solomon
2022-08-18

在員工報告某些店面存在吸毒現(xiàn)象后,再次回歸星巴克擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官的霍華德·舒爾茨關(guān)閉了美國的16家星巴克店面。

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圖片來源:LEIGH VOGEL—GETTY IMAGES/THE NEW YORK TIMES

就在四個月前,我剛寫過一篇關(guān)于星巴克(Starbucks)未來不確定性的評論文章。說實話,我真沒有想到這些事情會在這么短的時間內(nèi)發(fā)生,而且還是禍起蕭墻。

可以想象的是,霍華德·舒爾茨將以忠誠守護(hù)者的身份重返公司,施展其一貫的拿手好戲:成為一位受人愛戴的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,而且擁有出眾的交際能力。

然而,在7月中旬致員工的信中,臨時首席執(zhí)行官舒爾茨描繪了其有關(guān)公司未來的大膽愿景。不過,這幅星巴克重構(gòu)藍(lán)圖還涉及關(guān)閉部分店面。上周,星巴克員工街頭抗議的視頻在網(wǎng)上瘋傳,給這家公司的聲譽帶來了巨大沖擊。

盡管星巴克稱,關(guān)閉這些店面是出于安全和安保因素,但現(xiàn)實卻是:星巴克陷入了一場不得不奉陪到底的斗爭,而對象則是新興的、韌勁十足的雇員工會化運動。

星巴克所講的這個故事則與員工安全有關(guān)?!度A爾街日報》(Wall Street Journal)報道稱,對于員工上報的顧客和大眾在衛(wèi)生間吸毒一事,星巴克已經(jīng)在采取行動。一開始,星巴克通知員工,他們可以拒絕顧客進(jìn)入洗手間,或出于安全考慮縮短這些門店的經(jīng)營時長。

就在舒爾茨描述未來藍(lán)圖的同一周,星巴克宣布了本月即將關(guān)閉16家店面,包括西雅圖和洛杉磯地區(qū)各6家店面、波特蘭市的2家店面,以及華盛頓和費城各1家店面。這些店面并非不盈利,但星巴克明確表示,閉店舉措并沒有結(jié)束。

在評論家看來,星巴克的立場令人感到十分疑惑。盡管職場安全應(yīng)該作為公司的關(guān)注重點,但多年來,很多生意并不好的星巴克店面對員工來說并非特別安全。然而新情況在于,其中一些店面結(jié)為團(tuán)體,而且工會運動也是勢如燎原。

當(dāng)這些關(guān)鍵城市成為星巴克工會運動的部分基石時,要杜撰一篇新故事并非難事。在這些店面中,有兩家將于近期關(guān)閉的店面投票決定加入工會。與此同時,在紐約州古香古色的伊薩卡島大學(xué)城,星巴克工會稱,關(guān)閉店面是為了報復(fù)雇員的工會化運動。

正如工傷律師查理·卡特賴特所說:“職場安全至關(guān)重要,應(yīng)該成為企業(yè)圍繞有風(fēng)險員工制定決策時的基石。與此同時,打擊工會的形式是多種多樣的,包括關(guān)閉員工選擇成立工會組織的營業(yè)場所?!?/p>

在評價該運動時,我們還應(yīng)該審視過去數(shù)月中星巴克發(fā)生的勞動糾紛總數(shù)。這些問題包括,從抱怨公司威脅停止性別確認(rèn)醫(yī)保福利,一直到美國國家勞資關(guān)系委員會(NLRB)不得不敦促星巴克再次啟用三名因為工會會員身份而獲得不公平勞動待遇的菲尼克斯員工。這些原本星巴克與雇員之間的小打小鬧如今已經(jīng)升級為全面戰(zhàn)爭。

為走出這一困境,星巴克需要標(biāo)志性的2010年《哈佛商業(yè)評論》(Harvard Business Review)采訪中那位深思熟慮的霍華德·舒爾茨。當(dāng)被問及自己2008年回歸公司遇到的最大挑戰(zhàn)這一問題時,舒爾茨分享了一個頗具預(yù)見性的看法:“這個挑戰(zhàn)就是如何保護(hù)和提升我們作為一家公司所擁有的唯一資產(chǎn)的完整性,這些資產(chǎn)包括我們的價值、我們的文化和指導(dǎo)原則,以及對于員工的高度信任。”

如今,這一點成為了星巴克最大的敗筆。星巴克雇員和管理層之間信任的完全缺失讓舒爾茨最喜愛術(shù)語“合作伙伴”的意義化為烏有。星巴克龐大的公關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)都使用這一名稱來稱呼其員工。

即便星巴克最終通過關(guān)閉店面以及各種工會打壓手段獲得勝利,但最終的輸家依然是星巴克。星巴克文化已經(jīng)到了無藥可救的地步,而且對很多員工來說,最大的諷刺在于,如今負(fù)責(zé)修復(fù)這一關(guān)系的人正是此前這一關(guān)系的破壞者。

對于那些已經(jīng)密切關(guān)注公司數(shù)年的人而言,這是美國商業(yè)歷史上最慘痛的機(jī)遇錯失案例之一。文化打造確實是相當(dāng)困難,但在打造自身品牌時,星巴克發(fā)現(xiàn)了多種用于培養(yǎng)公司文化的方式。

類似的星巴克故事在今天看來十分空洞,但它卻曾經(jīng)是其根基的一部分。員工有能力通過努力而升職,繼而將最初的兼職工作變?yōu)榻K身職業(yè),是美國新移民的夢想之一。星巴克向員工拋出了免費獲取學(xué)士學(xué)位的機(jī)會,其所圖的確不小。

最近,星巴克卻未能忍住搬起石頭砸自己的腳。今后,所有這一切都將成為商學(xué)院的教學(xué)案例,然而在眼下,這對星巴克雇員來說就是一杯難以下咽的苦水。

在接受《哈佛商業(yè)評論》采訪時,舒爾茨分享了其個人和職業(yè)觀點,他希望這些觀點能夠幫助星巴克避免如今所面臨的類似局勢:

“我們在做出這些必要決定時都感到非常痛苦,但我們總得在某一個時間以領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的身份直面整個公司,然后以幾乎懺悔的口吻說道,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層讓18萬星巴克員工及其家人失望了?!?/p>

對于以舒爾茨為首的星巴克,這將是一個絕佳的辦法。公司與員工之間永遠(yuǎn)沒有必要形成這種復(fù)雜的對立關(guān)系。(財富中文網(wǎng))

阿倫·所羅門是一位法學(xué)博士,也是Esquire Digital的首席法律分析師、Today’s Esquire的編輯以及普利策獎(Pulitzer Prize)的提名作家。他曾經(jīng)在麥吉爾大學(xué)(McGill University)和賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)(University of Pennsylvania)教授創(chuàng)業(yè)學(xué),并入選Fastcase 50,成為全球50位法律領(lǐng)軍創(chuàng)新人士之一。

Fortune.com上評論文章中表達(dá)的觀點僅代表作者個人觀點,并不代表《財富》雜志的觀點和立場。

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

就在四個月前,我剛寫過一篇關(guān)于星巴克(Starbucks)未來不確定性的評論文章。說實話,我真沒有想到這些事情會在這么短的時間內(nèi)發(fā)生,而且還是禍起蕭墻。

可以想象的是,霍華德·舒爾茨將以忠誠守護(hù)者的身份重返公司,施展其一貫的拿手好戲:成為一位受人愛戴的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,而且擁有出眾的交際能力。

然而,在7月中旬致員工的信中,臨時首席執(zhí)行官舒爾茨描繪了其有關(guān)公司未來的大膽愿景。不過,這幅星巴克重構(gòu)藍(lán)圖還涉及關(guān)閉部分店面。上周,星巴克員工街頭抗議的視頻在網(wǎng)上瘋傳,給這家公司的聲譽帶來了巨大沖擊。

盡管星巴克稱,關(guān)閉這些店面是出于安全和安保因素,但現(xiàn)實卻是:星巴克陷入了一場不得不奉陪到底的斗爭,而對象則是新興的、韌勁十足的雇員工會化運動。

星巴克所講的這個故事則與員工安全有關(guān)。《華爾街日報》(Wall Street Journal)報道稱,對于員工上報的顧客和大眾在衛(wèi)生間吸毒一事,星巴克已經(jīng)在采取行動。一開始,星巴克通知員工,他們可以拒絕顧客進(jìn)入洗手間,或出于安全考慮縮短這些門店的經(jīng)營時長。

就在舒爾茨描述未來藍(lán)圖的同一周,星巴克宣布了本月即將關(guān)閉16家店面,包括西雅圖和洛杉磯地區(qū)各6家店面、波特蘭市的2家店面,以及華盛頓和費城各1家店面。這些店面并非不盈利,但星巴克明確表示,閉店舉措并沒有結(jié)束。

在評論家看來,星巴克的立場令人感到十分疑惑。盡管職場安全應(yīng)該作為公司的關(guān)注重點,但多年來,很多生意并不好的星巴克店面對員工來說并非特別安全。然而新情況在于,其中一些店面結(jié)為團(tuán)體,而且工會運動也是勢如燎原。

當(dāng)這些關(guān)鍵城市成為星巴克工會運動的部分基石時,要杜撰一篇新故事并非難事。在這些店面中,有兩家將于近期關(guān)閉的店面投票決定加入工會。與此同時,在紐約州古香古色的伊薩卡島大學(xué)城,星巴克工會稱,關(guān)閉店面是為了報復(fù)雇員的工會化運動。

正如工傷律師查理·卡特賴特所說:“職場安全至關(guān)重要,應(yīng)該成為企業(yè)圍繞有風(fēng)險員工制定決策時的基石。與此同時,打擊工會的形式是多種多樣的,包括關(guān)閉員工選擇成立工會組織的營業(yè)場所。”

在評價該運動時,我們還應(yīng)該審視過去數(shù)月中星巴克發(fā)生的勞動糾紛總數(shù)。這些問題包括,從抱怨公司威脅停止性別確認(rèn)醫(yī)保福利,一直到美國國家勞資關(guān)系委員會(NLRB)不得不敦促星巴克再次啟用三名因為工會會員身份而獲得不公平勞動待遇的菲尼克斯員工。這些原本星巴克與雇員之間的小打小鬧如今已經(jīng)升級為全面戰(zhàn)爭。

為走出這一困境,星巴克需要標(biāo)志性的2010年《哈佛商業(yè)評論》(Harvard Business Review)采訪中那位深思熟慮的霍華德·舒爾茨。當(dāng)被問及自己2008年回歸公司遇到的最大挑戰(zhàn)這一問題時,舒爾茨分享了一個頗具預(yù)見性的看法:“這個挑戰(zhàn)就是如何保護(hù)和提升我們作為一家公司所擁有的唯一資產(chǎn)的完整性,這些資產(chǎn)包括我們的價值、我們的文化和指導(dǎo)原則,以及對于員工的高度信任?!?/p>

如今,這一點成為了星巴克最大的敗筆。星巴克雇員和管理層之間信任的完全缺失讓舒爾茨最喜愛術(shù)語“合作伙伴”的意義化為烏有。星巴克龐大的公關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)都使用這一名稱來稱呼其員工。

即便星巴克最終通過關(guān)閉店面以及各種工會打壓手段獲得勝利,但最終的輸家依然是星巴克。星巴克文化已經(jīng)到了無藥可救的地步,而且對很多員工來說,最大的諷刺在于,如今負(fù)責(zé)修復(fù)這一關(guān)系的人正是此前這一關(guān)系的破壞者。

對于那些已經(jīng)密切關(guān)注公司數(shù)年的人而言,這是美國商業(yè)歷史上最慘痛的機(jī)遇錯失案例之一。文化打造確實是相當(dāng)困難,但在打造自身品牌時,星巴克發(fā)現(xiàn)了多種用于培養(yǎng)公司文化的方式。

類似的星巴克故事在今天看來十分空洞,但它卻曾經(jīng)是其根基的一部分。員工有能力通過努力而升職,繼而將最初的兼職工作變?yōu)榻K身職業(yè),是美國新移民的夢想之一。星巴克向員工拋出了免費獲取學(xué)士學(xué)位的機(jī)會,其所圖的確不小。

最近,星巴克卻未能忍住搬起石頭砸自己的腳。今后,所有這一切都將成為商學(xué)院的教學(xué)案例,然而在眼下,這對星巴克雇員來說就是一杯難以下咽的苦水。

在接受《哈佛商業(yè)評論》采訪時,舒爾茨分享了其個人和職業(yè)觀點,他希望這些觀點能夠幫助星巴克避免如今所面臨的類似局勢:

“我們在做出這些必要決定時都感到非常痛苦,但我們總得在某一個時間以領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的身份直面整個公司,然后以幾乎懺悔的口吻說道,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層讓18萬星巴克員工及其家人失望了。”

對于以舒爾茨為首的星巴克,這將是一個絕佳的辦法。公司與員工之間永遠(yuǎn)沒有必要形成這種復(fù)雜的對立關(guān)系。(財富中文網(wǎng))

阿倫·所羅門是一位法學(xué)博士,也是Esquire Digital的首席法律分析師、Today’s Esquire的編輯以及普利策獎(Pulitzer Prize)的提名作家。他曾經(jīng)在麥吉爾大學(xué)(McGill University)和賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)(University of Pennsylvania)教授創(chuàng)業(yè)學(xué),并入選Fastcase 50,成為全球50位法律領(lǐng)軍創(chuàng)新人士之一。

Fortune.com上評論文章中表達(dá)的觀點僅代表作者個人觀點,并不代表《財富》雜志的觀點和立場。

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

When, four short months ago, I wrote an op-ed about the uncertain future of Starbucks, I honestly would not have predicted that things would implode this quickly.

I imagined that Howard Schultz would return to the company as a faithful caretaker who would do what he historically did best: be a likable leader with a fantastic ability to relate to people.

However, in a mid-July letter to employees, interim CEO Howard Schultz set forth his bold vision of the future. Part of his plan for Starbucks to re-imagine its business is to close locations. Last week, videos of employee walkouts went viral–a massive blow to the company’s reputation.

While Starbucks claims that stores are being closed for safety and security reasons, there is another reality at play: The company is locked in a fight to the finish with a surprisingly resilient nascent employee union movement.

The narrative being woven by Starbucks is one of employee safety. As The Wall Street Journal reported, Starbucks was responding to employee reports of drug use in bathrooms by customers and the general public. Initially, Starbucks informed workers that they could deny bathroom access or reduce store operations for safety in these locations.

The same week that Schultz proclaimed the future, Starbucks announced that 16 locations would be shuttered this month. The company is closing six locations in Seattle, another six in Los Angeles, two in Portland, and one each in Washington and Philadelphia. These stores were not unprofitable–and Starbucks has made it clear that this won’t be the end of the closures.

To a critical eye, Starbucks’ positioning is difficult to believe. While workplace safety needs to always be front of mind, many less-than-deal Starbucks locations haven’t been entirely safe for employees for years. What is new is the intersection of some of these locations and a burgeoning union movement.

It’s a little too convenient to craft a new narrative when these very cities are forming part of the foundation of the Starbucks unionization movement. Two of the stores that will be closing recently voted to unionize. At the same time, in the quaint college town of Ithaca, NY, the Starbucks union claims a store is being closed in retaliation for employees voting to unionize.

As Charlie Cartwright, a lawyer who represents employees injured in the workplace, puts it: “Workplace safety is critically important and should drive corporate decision-making where employees are at risk. At the same time, union-busting takes various forms, including closing business locations where employees have chosen to unionize.”

This also needs to be viewed within the totality of the labor battles at Starbucks over the past few months. Issues range from a complaint alleging that the company threatened to stop gender-affirming health benefits to the NLRB having to urge Starbucks to reinstate three Phoenix workers subjected to unfair labor practices relating to union membership. What started as a series of small battles between Starbucks and employees has escalated into a full-scale war.

To navigate these troubled waters, Starbucks needs the reflective Howard Schultz of this iconic 2010 Harvard Business Review interview. Asked what the most significant challenge he faced after returning to the helm in 2008, Schultz shared this prescient view: “The challenge was how to preserve and enhance the integrity of the only assets we have as a company: our values, our culture and guiding principles, and the reservoir of trust with our people.”

Today, this is Starbucks’ greatest failure. The complete absence of trust between Starbucks employees and management has taken all meaning out of one of Schultz’s most beloved terms: “partners.” That’s what Starbucks’s?massive PR machine calls their workers.

Even if Starbucks eventually “wins” by shuttering locations and using every union-busting technique, the company will ultimately lose. The Starbucks culture is irrevocably broken–and for many workers, the greatest irony is that the person in charge of fixing it today is the one who actually broke it.

For those who have watched the company closely for years, this is one of the most incredible failed opportunities in American business history. Culture-building is unbelievably hard, but in building the brand, Starbucks had found ways to build the culture.

The same Starbucks stories that are hollow today were once part of its foundation. The ability for their employees to work their way up the ranks of the business to transform what might have started as a part-time job into a career was part of the neo-American dream. Throw in the opportunity to earn a degree, and Starbucks was on to something.

Until they couldn’t help getting in their own way. One day all of this will be required reading in business schools–but today, it’s a cold brew for Starbucks employees to swallow.

In his HBR interview, Schultz shared a personal and professional revelation he hoped would allow Starbucks to avoid the kind of situation it faces today:

“The decisions we had to make were very difficult, but first there had to be a time when we stood up in front of the entire company as leaders and made almost a confession–that the leadership had failed the 180,000 Starbucks people and their families.”

This would be an excellent idea for the latest incarnation of a Schultz-led Starbucks to re-visit. There never needed to be such a profoundly adversarial relationship between the company and its workers.

Aron Solomon, JD, is the chief legal analyst for?Esquire Digital, the editor of Today’s Esquire, and a Pulitzer Prize-nominated writer. He has taught entrepreneurship at McGill University and the University of Pennsylvania and was elected to Fastcase 50, recognizing the top 50 legal innovators in the world.

The opinions expressed in Fortune.com commentary pieces are solely the views of their authors and do not reflect the opinions and beliefs of Fortune.

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