3月7日,紐約市的市民終于可以收起疫苗接種卡和口罩,但這并不意味著他們能夠萬事大吉。
紐約市的市長埃里克·亞當斯于3月4日在時代廣場(Times Square)宣布,3月7日起,距離新冠疫情爆發(fā)大約兩年之后,紐約市將不再要求市民在室內用餐或聽音樂會時出具疫苗接種證明。
從3月7日開始,5歲及5歲以上的兒童在學校不需要配戴口罩。亞當斯從中看到了經濟復興的跡象。他說:“顯然這就像阿諾德·施瓦辛格所說的那樣:我們會回來的。”
但亞當斯目前仍然不打算撤銷對全市公共和私營部門員工必須完成疫苗接種的強制要求。這意味著餐廳員工必須接種新冠疫苗,不過對顧客沒有強制要求。5歲以上的兒童可以不配戴口罩,但年齡更小的幼兒不符合疫苗接種條件,必須配戴口罩。沒有接種疫苗的籃球明星凱里·歐文依舊不能在布魯克林籃網(wǎng)隊(Brooklyn Nets)的主場巴克萊中心(Barclays Center)上場比賽,但未接種疫苗的球迷能夠在球館觀看比賽。
健康專家表示,新冠疫情發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在,政府官員必須盡可能科學地制定公共健康政策。新冠感染率急劇下降,7天陽性率下降至1.8%。此外,紐約市近87%的成年人已經接種了兩劑疫苗。
紐約大學格羅斯曼醫(yī)學院(NYU Grossman School of Medicine)的人口健康學助理教授安娜·貝爾施泰因表示:“防疫工作取得了驚人的進展,自然帶來了一些回報,例如不需要堅持查看市民的疫苗接種證明。我們很幸運目前處在疫情的平靜期??傮w而言,現(xiàn)在可以松一口氣,恢復正?;顒印!?/p>
貝爾施泰因指出,亞當斯宣布取消對室內活動的強制疫苗要求,是一項合理的舉措,避免了每次去餐廳或健身房都要掏出疫苗接種卡的麻煩。她認為這項強制要求給人們帶來了很多不便,相比之下雇主的強制疫苗規(guī)定對市民的影響較小,人們只需要在工作中一次證明其疫苗接種狀態(tài)即可。
但她警告紐約市的市民,這并不意味著疫情時代的結束。她說:“我們完全有可能迎來新一波疫情,為了保證安全我們可能不得不再次容忍這些不便。我們要接受一件事情,那就是疫情反反復復,就像是在冷天穿的外套一樣。”
為此,紐約市衛(wèi)生局的局長戴夫·喬克希宣布推出一款使用顏色編碼的新冠風險警報系統(tǒng),“一旦感染者激增或病毒傳播力增強,該系統(tǒng)能夠為紐約市的市民提供指引,減緩目前或未來面臨的風險。”他表示:“雖然這波疫情正在減弱,但我們不能認為新冠疫情即將結束。我們還有很多事要做?!?/p>
如果感染者病例再次激增怎么辦?亞當斯稱:“只要有任何理由需要修改政策,我們就將毫不猶豫做出調整或改變。”
商界的反應
紐約取消疫情限制的目的之一是幫助吸引更多游客。在此之前,波士頓、華盛頓特區(qū)和費城也都采取了類似措施。亞當斯說:“這是我們選擇在時代廣場宣布這一決定的原因。我們希望吸引加拿大、阿肯色州,甚至新西蘭的游客來紐約。當然不只是來紐約隨便走走,我們希望人們可以到這里來消費。”
紐約市的一些餐廳對政府取消疫苗強制規(guī)定的決定表示歡迎。它們發(fā)現(xiàn),查看顧客的疫苗接種證明是一項單調乏味的工作,不僅代價高昂,有時候還可能存在危險,因為員工需要詢問顧客,甚至可能要面對未接種疫苗的顧客。
位于下東區(qū)的餐廳Fat Choy的主廚及老板賈斯汀·李表示:“這項工作感覺是在浪費時間。到現(xiàn)在繼續(xù)查看疫苗接種卡像是一種官僚主義。”他說:“這會降低服務效率,因為在門口查看疫苗接種證明的人數(shù)是有限的。在奧密克戎疫情爆發(fā)時,任何無癥狀感染者都能夠拿著疫苗接種卡進餐廳,四處傳播病毒?!?/p>
有些餐廳老板認為在門口要求出示疫苗接種卡,可以讓顧客安心。
Restaurant Group的首席執(zhí)行官杰里米·弗拉迪斯稱:“上西區(qū)的顧客想確信他們是安全的。我尊重他們的想法,但我認為這種想法不夠成熟。”該餐飲集團旗下包括Good Enough to Eat餐廳。
NoHo Restaurant Group的主廚及合伙人安德魯·卡爾梅利尼認為,取消疫苗強制規(guī)定對于整個城市繼續(xù)前進“在心理上非常重要”,但他的大多數(shù)顧客都愿意遵守疫苗規(guī)定。該集團旗下包括Lafayette和Locanda Verde等餐廳。他表示:“他們很高興在室內用餐,因為他們感覺更安全。
由摩根大通(JPMorgan Chase & Co.)和高盛集團(Goldman Sachs Group)等當?shù)卮蠊窘M成的商業(yè)組織紐約市合作組織(Partnership for New York City)的總裁凱西·懷爾德質疑,紐約已經執(zhí)行幾年的這種大范圍的強制規(guī)定,一旦取消之后能否重復執(zhí)行。
懷爾德指出:“我認為政府的強制規(guī)定應該取消,我們現(xiàn)在所說的是雇主、企業(yè)主、機構、學校等自己的決定?!?/p>
但懷爾德認為,紐約人的生活在某些方面可能已經被永遠改變。她記得在2001年9月11日發(fā)生恐怖襲擊之前,人們進入辦公大樓時根本不需要出示身份證。但這樣的日子早已一去不復返。
懷爾德稱:“這些經歷帶來了根本性的變化。但這些變化將成為文化規(guī)范,而不是政府的強制規(guī)定?!?/p>
未來的疫情
健康專家和批準取消疫苗強制規(guī)定的議員都警告,病例暫時減少并不意味著紐約市將徹底結束疫情,并呼吁亞當斯政府繼續(xù)投入資源進行疫情防控。
2020年4月至2021年12月期間曾經為紐約市的前市長白思豪(Bill de Blasio)擔任顧問的流行病學家杰伊·瓦爾瑪表示:“我擔心的是,我們依舊必須隨時做好準備,迎接可能再次爆發(fā)的新冠疫情。我們從疫情中得到的教訓是,我們對病毒將如何變異的預測都是錯誤的?!?/p>
亞當斯政府決定至少繼續(xù)執(zhí)行雇主疫苗強制規(guī)定,對此瓦爾瑪表示贊同,雇主的疫苗規(guī)定能夠幫助維持較高的成年人疫苗接種率,避免住院人數(shù)增加。他指出,隨著病例數(shù)減少,政府取消餐廳的疫苗要求是可以理解的。
他說:“我們無法保證餐廳或劇院100%安全。真正的問題在于這項政策是否值得權衡?”
但瓦爾瑪警告,情況可能很快發(fā)生變化,并且目前尚不確定紐約市能否做好準備。
同樣,紐約市主計長布拉德·蘭德和公共議政員朱瑪恩·威廉姆斯在上周發(fā)布了一封聯(lián)名信,要求市長和衛(wèi)生局的局長戴夫·喬克西明確紐約市政府未來應對新型病毒變異株的計劃。
他們表示:“我們不能因為恐慌而讓生活陷入癱瘓,但毫無準備則是愚蠢和危險的做法。”(財富中文網(wǎng))
——艾麗西亞·迪亞茲對本文亦有貢獻。
翻譯:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
3月7日,紐約市的市民終于可以收起疫苗接種卡和口罩,但這并不意味著他們能夠萬事大吉。
紐約市的市長埃里克·亞當斯于3月4日在時代廣場(Times Square)宣布,3月7日起,距離新冠疫情爆發(fā)大約兩年之后,紐約市將不再要求市民在室內用餐或聽音樂會時出具疫苗接種證明。
從3月7日開始,5歲及5歲以上的兒童在學校不需要配戴口罩。亞當斯從中看到了經濟復興的跡象。他說:“顯然這就像阿諾德·施瓦辛格所說的那樣:我們會回來的。”
但亞當斯目前仍然不打算撤銷對全市公共和私營部門員工必須完成疫苗接種的強制要求。這意味著餐廳員工必須接種新冠疫苗,不過對顧客沒有強制要求。5歲以上的兒童可以不配戴口罩,但年齡更小的幼兒不符合疫苗接種條件,必須配戴口罩。沒有接種疫苗的籃球明星凱里·歐文依舊不能在布魯克林籃網(wǎng)隊(Brooklyn Nets)的主場巴克萊中心(Barclays Center)上場比賽,但未接種疫苗的球迷能夠在球館觀看比賽。
健康專家表示,新冠疫情發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在,政府官員必須盡可能科學地制定公共健康政策。新冠感染率急劇下降,7天陽性率下降至1.8%。此外,紐約市近87%的成年人已經接種了兩劑疫苗。
紐約大學格羅斯曼醫(yī)學院(NYU Grossman School of Medicine)的人口健康學助理教授安娜·貝爾施泰因表示:“防疫工作取得了驚人的進展,自然帶來了一些回報,例如不需要堅持查看市民的疫苗接種證明。我們很幸運目前處在疫情的平靜期??傮w而言,現(xiàn)在可以松一口氣,恢復正?;顒印!?/p>
貝爾施泰因指出,亞當斯宣布取消對室內活動的強制疫苗要求,是一項合理的舉措,避免了每次去餐廳或健身房都要掏出疫苗接種卡的麻煩。她認為這項強制要求給人們帶來了很多不便,相比之下雇主的強制疫苗規(guī)定對市民的影響較小,人們只需要在工作中一次證明其疫苗接種狀態(tài)即可。
但她警告紐約市的市民,這并不意味著疫情時代的結束。她說:“我們完全有可能迎來新一波疫情,為了保證安全我們可能不得不再次容忍這些不便。我們要接受一件事情,那就是疫情反反復復,就像是在冷天穿的外套一樣?!?/p>
為此,紐約市衛(wèi)生局的局長戴夫·喬克希宣布推出一款使用顏色編碼的新冠風險警報系統(tǒng),“一旦感染者激增或病毒傳播力增強,該系統(tǒng)能夠為紐約市的市民提供指引,減緩目前或未來面臨的風險。”他表示:“雖然這波疫情正在減弱,但我們不能認為新冠疫情即將結束。我們還有很多事要做?!?/p>
如果感染者病例再次激增怎么辦?亞當斯稱:“只要有任何理由需要修改政策,我們就將毫不猶豫做出調整或改變?!?/p>
商界的反應
紐約取消疫情限制的目的之一是幫助吸引更多游客。在此之前,波士頓、華盛頓特區(qū)和費城也都采取了類似措施。亞當斯說:“這是我們選擇在時代廣場宣布這一決定的原因。我們希望吸引加拿大、阿肯色州,甚至新西蘭的游客來紐約。當然不只是來紐約隨便走走,我們希望人們可以到這里來消費?!?/p>
紐約市的一些餐廳對政府取消疫苗強制規(guī)定的決定表示歡迎。它們發(fā)現(xiàn),查看顧客的疫苗接種證明是一項單調乏味的工作,不僅代價高昂,有時候還可能存在危險,因為員工需要詢問顧客,甚至可能要面對未接種疫苗的顧客。
位于下東區(qū)的餐廳Fat Choy的主廚及老板賈斯汀·李表示:“這項工作感覺是在浪費時間。到現(xiàn)在繼續(xù)查看疫苗接種卡像是一種官僚主義?!彼f:“這會降低服務效率,因為在門口查看疫苗接種證明的人數(shù)是有限的。在奧密克戎疫情爆發(fā)時,任何無癥狀感染者都能夠拿著疫苗接種卡進餐廳,四處傳播病毒。”
有些餐廳老板認為在門口要求出示疫苗接種卡,可以讓顧客安心。
Restaurant Group的首席執(zhí)行官杰里米·弗拉迪斯稱:“上西區(qū)的顧客想確信他們是安全的。我尊重他們的想法,但我認為這種想法不夠成熟。”該餐飲集團旗下包括Good Enough to Eat餐廳。
NoHo Restaurant Group的主廚及合伙人安德魯·卡爾梅利尼認為,取消疫苗強制規(guī)定對于整個城市繼續(xù)前進“在心理上非常重要”,但他的大多數(shù)顧客都愿意遵守疫苗規(guī)定。該集團旗下包括Lafayette和Locanda Verde等餐廳。他表示:“他們很高興在室內用餐,因為他們感覺更安全。
由摩根大通(JPMorgan Chase & Co.)和高盛集團(Goldman Sachs Group)等當?shù)卮蠊窘M成的商業(yè)組織紐約市合作組織(Partnership for New York City)的總裁凱西·懷爾德質疑,紐約已經執(zhí)行幾年的這種大范圍的強制規(guī)定,一旦取消之后能否重復執(zhí)行。
懷爾德指出:“我認為政府的強制規(guī)定應該取消,我們現(xiàn)在所說的是雇主、企業(yè)主、機構、學校等自己的決定?!?/p>
但懷爾德認為,紐約人的生活在某些方面可能已經被永遠改變。她記得在2001年9月11日發(fā)生恐怖襲擊之前,人們進入辦公大樓時根本不需要出示身份證。但這樣的日子早已一去不復返。
懷爾德稱:“這些經歷帶來了根本性的變化。但這些變化將成為文化規(guī)范,而不是政府的強制規(guī)定?!?/p>
未來的疫情
健康專家和批準取消疫苗強制規(guī)定的議員都警告,病例暫時減少并不意味著紐約市將徹底結束疫情,并呼吁亞當斯政府繼續(xù)投入資源進行疫情防控。
2020年4月至2021年12月期間曾經為紐約市的前市長白思豪(Bill de Blasio)擔任顧問的流行病學家杰伊·瓦爾瑪表示:“我擔心的是,我們依舊必須隨時做好準備,迎接可能再次爆發(fā)的新冠疫情。我們從疫情中得到的教訓是,我們對病毒將如何變異的預測都是錯誤的?!?/p>
亞當斯政府決定至少繼續(xù)執(zhí)行雇主疫苗強制規(guī)定,對此瓦爾瑪表示贊同,雇主的疫苗規(guī)定能夠幫助維持較高的成年人疫苗接種率,避免住院人數(shù)增加。他指出,隨著病例數(shù)減少,政府取消餐廳的疫苗要求是可以理解的。
他說:“我們無法保證餐廳或劇院100%安全。真正的問題在于這項政策是否值得權衡?”
但瓦爾瑪警告,情況可能很快發(fā)生變化,并且目前尚不確定紐約市能否做好準備。
同樣,紐約市主計長布拉德·蘭德和公共議政員朱瑪恩·威廉姆斯在上周發(fā)布了一封聯(lián)名信,要求市長和衛(wèi)生局的局長戴夫·喬克西明確紐約市政府未來應對新型病毒變異株的計劃。
他們表示:“我們不能因為恐慌而讓生活陷入癱瘓,但毫無準備則是愚蠢和危險的做法?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W(wǎng))
——艾麗西亞·迪亞茲對本文亦有貢獻。
翻譯:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
New Yorkers will finally be able to tuck away their vaccine cards and masks on March 7—but that doesn’t mean they’re retired for good.
On March 7, almost two years to the day the pandemic began, New York City will no longer require proof of vaccines to eat inside or go to concerts, Mayor Eric Adams said during an announcement in Times Square on March 4.
Starting March 7, children 5 and older won’t need to cover their faces in school. For Adams, it’s a sign of economic revival. “This is clearly an Arnold Schwarzenegger moment: We’ll be back,” he said.
Still, Adams has no plan to revoke the citywide mandate requiring public and private sector employees to be fully vaccinated. That means restaurant employees must be inoculated against COVID-19, but their customers don’t have to be. Children over age 5 don’t have to wear masks, but younger ones who aren’t eligible for the vaccine do. And unvaccinated basketball star Kyrie Irving still won’t be able to play home games at the Barclays Center—even though unvaccinated Brooklyn Nets fans can watch them there.
Health experts say government officials have reached a point in the pandemic where they have to weigh public health policy as much as the science itself. COVID rates have dropped precipitously—the seven-day positivity rate is down to 1.8%—and nearly 87% of New York City adults have received two doses of the vaccine.
“There’s a reward for making this kind of incredible progress, and part of that is not having to constantly be checking people’s vaccine passes,” said Anna Bershteyn, assistant professor of population health at NYU Grossman School of Medicine. “We’re lucky to be in an in-between wave time right now. In general, now is the time to take a breath, get back to normal activities.”
Bershteyn said lifting the vaccine mandate for indoor activities is a reasonable step for Adams to take, and removes the inconvenience of digging out vaccine cards each time someone goes to a restaurant or the gym. It also creates more friction than the employer vaccine mandate, which requires minimal effort from city residents who would only have to prove their vaccination status at work once, she said.
But she warns New Yorkers that this isn’t necessarily the end of the pandemic era. “Its entirely possible we’ll get another wave and we’ll need to tolerate these inconveniences again to stay safe,” she said. “We just have to get used to the fact that these things are going to come on and off, just like a coat in cold weather.”
To that end, Health Commissioner Dave Chokshi announced the launch of a color-coded COVID risk alert system to “give New Yorkers a road map for how to mitigate their own risk today or in the future, in the event we see a surge or increase in transmission,” he said. “While this COVID-19 wave is ebbing, we can’t yet say the pandemic is ending. We still have more work to do.”
And if cases surge again? “We will pivot if we see a reason to change any policies,” Adams said. “We are going to be unafraid to make those adjustments and changes.”
Business reaction
New York’s lifting of restrictions follow similar moves by Boston, Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia, and are, in part, intended to help lure visitors to the city. “That’s why we’re here in Times Square,” Adams said. “To tell people from Canada, Arkansas, from New Zealand to come here. But don’t come here and just walk, spend some money.”
Some city restaurateurs are celebrating the end of the vaccine mandate. They found checking customers’ vaccine passes tedious, costly and sometimes dangerous, as staff were forced to question, and possibly confront unvaccinated customers.
“It feels like a waste of time, like bureaucracy to check vax cards at this point,” said Justin Lee, chef and owner of the Lower East Side restaurant Fat Choy. “It can slow down service, there’s only so many people at a door that can check vaccines,” he said. “When we think about Omicron, anyone who is asymptomatic can walk in with their card and still spread it everywhere.”
To other owners, asking for vaccination cards at the door put their customers at ease.
“My guests on Upper West Side want to know that they’re safe,” said Jeremy Wladis, CEO of the Restaurant Group including Good Enough to Eat. “I respect the thinking, but I think it’s premature.”
Andrew Carmellini, chef and partner of the NoHo Restaurant Group, whose restaurants include Lafayette and Locanda Verde, said dropping the mandate was “important psychologically” for the city to move forward but that most of his customers have embraced the vaccine requirements. “They’re happier to eat indoors because they feel safer,” he said.
Kathy Wylde, president of the Partnership for New York City, a business group comprised of the city’s largest companies, including JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Goldman Sachs Group, doubted whether the kind of broad mandates New Yorkers have lived under for years would ever return once they’re undone.
“I think that the time for government mandates is over, and we’re now talking about decisions that individual employers, business owners, institutions, schools and others—these are decisions that institutions and individuals can make on their own,” Wylde said.
But, Wylde said, some parts of life in New York might have changed forever. She remembered a time before the Sept. 11, 2001, terror attacks when no one had to show a government ID to enter an office building. That time is long gone.
“There are fundamental changes as a result of these experiences,” Wylde said. “But it’s going to become a cultural norm rather than a government mandate.”
Future outbreaks
Even health experts and lawmakers who approved of lifting the mandates warned a lull in cases doesn’t give a free pass for the city to move on from COVID altogether, and urged the Adams administration to continue putting resources into fighting COVID.
“My concern is that we have to continuously remain prepared for a resurgence of COVID-19,” said Jay Varma, an epidemiologist who advised former Mayor Bill de Blasio from April 2020 to December 2021. “Everything we’ve learned is that any predictions we’ve made about how it’s going to mutate are wrong.”
Varma approved of the Adams administration’s decision to at least keep the employer vaccine mandates in place, which helps ensure high rates of adult vaccination and prevents hospitalizations. He said he understands why the city dropped the vaccine requirements at restaurants as cases have subsided.
“We can’t make restaurants or theaters 100% safe,” Varma said. “The real question becomes, is this policy worth the trade-offs?”
But, Varma cautioned, things can change very quickly, and said it’s not clear whether New York City will be ready.
Likewise, New York City Comptroller Brad Lander and Public Advocate Jumaane Williams issued a joint letter last week asking the mayor and health commissioner Dave Chokshi to make clear the city’s plans for what to do if another variant of the virus should emerge in the future.
“While we cannot live our lives paralyzed by fear, it would be foolish and dangerous not to be prepared,” they said.
—With assistance from Alicia Diaz.