一家名為Anchorage的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)在1月13日宣布,公司已經(jīng)成為了首家獲得美國貨幣監(jiān)理署(Office of the Comptroller of the Currency)頒發(fā)的聯(lián)邦牌照的加密貨幣公司。
雖然這則新聞聽起來有心血來潮之嫌,而且專業(yè)味十足,但它對于蓬勃發(fā)展的加密貨幣行業(yè)來說是一個重大里程碑,因為此舉從法律意義上為大型銀行和其他傳統(tǒng)金融公司通過Anchorage向其客戶銷售比特幣和其他數(shù)字貨幣的舉措開了綠燈。
Anchorage由金融巨頭Square的兩位資深人士于2017年成立,最初是一家托管服務(wù)公司,為各大機構(gòu)提供獲取和儲存加密貨幣的新方式。盡管托管服務(wù)依然是公司的主業(yè),但Anchorage如今提供的其他服務(wù)包括交易、借貸以及幫助客戶應(yīng)對“去中心化金融”這個新興世界的工具。
在《財富》雜志的采訪中,首席執(zhí)行官內(nèi)森·麥考利預(yù)測,新牌照將吸引數(shù)千家銀行與Anchorage建立合作關(guān)系,并為最近的加密貨幣熱注入新燃料。
麥考利說:“它會吸引所有那些迄今為止一直在猶豫是否要投身加密貨幣的人士。它意味著加密貨幣資產(chǎn)的可用性將出現(xiàn)重大變化?!彼€指出,自己預(yù)計更多大公司將跟隨Square和Microstrategy的步伐,在自己的財富中添置加密貨幣資產(chǎn)。
盡管包括Anchorage和交易所Kraken在內(nèi)的多家加密貨幣公司已經(jīng)獲得了州銀行頒發(fā)的牌照,但這些牌照的法律效力十分模糊。相反,聯(lián)邦牌照則明確表明,大型銀行可以使用Anchorage來持有其客戶的加密貨幣資產(chǎn)。
Anchorage獲得的牌照類型是一個信托牌照,意味著公司沒有權(quán)力像傳統(tǒng)的存款和支票賬戶那樣,獲得美國聯(lián)邦存款保險公司(FDIC)的支持。然而麥考利指出,機構(gòu)客戶無需擔(dān)心這一點。他還說,Anchorage已經(jīng)與保險巨頭怡安(Aon)簽訂了一份綜合保單,并將其作為虧損后的后盾。
加密貨幣新前沿
在聯(lián)邦銀行體系監(jiān)管機構(gòu)美國貨幣監(jiān)理署做出向Anchorage發(fā)放牌照的決定之前,該機構(gòu)的負責(zé)人布萊恩·布魯克斯在最近做出了一系列有利于加密貨幣的決定。布魯克斯的這些決定包括:允許銀行使用穩(wěn)定幣(與法幣掛鉤的合成幣)以及依靠區(qū)塊鏈網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行交易清算。布魯克斯曾經(jīng)是加密貨幣巨頭Coinbase的首席律師。
麥考利稱,這些監(jiān)管進展將有助于啟動對國家金融體系進行重大更新。他稱,此舉可能會使Anchorage最大的投資者Visa以及其他大型支付提供商在不久的將來整合加密貨幣原生“軌道”(行業(yè)術(shù)語,意指金融信息傳遞的網(wǎng)絡(luò))。
Anchorage當(dāng)前并不盈利。麥考利稱其去年的營收達到了上千萬美元,而且公司的資產(chǎn)負債表“非常健康”。這家公司有70名員工,其很大一部分收入來自于加密貨幣資產(chǎn)存儲傭金。然而,公司的借貸和交易業(yè)務(wù)如今占到了其營收的約25%。
在未來,麥考利預(yù)計Anchorage將從當(dāng)前包括“抵押挖礦”和“治理”等特殊服務(wù)中獲得更多的收入。這些術(shù)語描述的是Tezos和Dfinity等新生代加密貨幣項目的特色功能,能夠讓其數(shù)字代幣擔(dān)任投票工具,也就是說所有者可以通過這項功能決定項目應(yīng)該如何運營。這些功能也是去中心化金融這一新興領(lǐng)域的一個重要特色,其中包括Uniswap這樣的項目,基本上由自動化的計算機程序管理。
如果加密貨幣持續(xù)在主流金融界受到追捧,那么像Anchorage和競爭對手Coinbase Custody這樣的服務(wù)可能會獲益匪淺,因為銀行會轉(zhuǎn)而通過它們提供白標軟件,為自己的客戶提供服務(wù)。理論上它可能會演變?yōu)?,像美國銀行(Bank of America)這類金融機構(gòu)在某一天不僅會向消費者提供比特幣,還會提供多如繁星的其他加密貨幣資產(chǎn)和服務(wù)。
然而,我們無法保證所有這一切都會實現(xiàn)。盡管加密貨幣市場在過去六個月中紅得發(fā)紫,而且比特幣的價格突破了4萬美元大關(guān),但它依然可能會出現(xiàn)暴跌,例如1月9日至10日那個周末的暴跌。還有一種可能,剛上任的拜登政府可能會用對加密貨幣不那么友好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),替換供職于美國貨幣監(jiān)理署的布魯克斯,而且其他金融機構(gòu),尤其是美國證券交易委員會(SEC),依然對加密貨幣行業(yè)充滿質(zhì)疑。
然而,麥考利自稱無需擔(dān)心監(jiān)管逆風(fēng)。他指出,貨幣監(jiān)理署的布魯克斯下達的指令并非是新規(guī)則,而是對現(xiàn)有規(guī)則的詮釋,這意味著這些規(guī)則不大可能會被撤回。貨幣監(jiān)理署如今正在考慮為其他兩家加密貨幣公司頒發(fā)聯(lián)邦牌照。
與此同時,Anchorage從Visa和其他投資者那里籌集了5700萬美元,并稱收到了來自于其他潛在投資者的無數(shù)問詢,而且公司預(yù)計在不久的將來籌集更多資金。
譯者:馮豐
審校:夏林
一家名為Anchorage的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)在1月13日宣布,公司已經(jīng)成為了首家獲得美國貨幣監(jiān)理署(Office of the Comptroller of the Currency)頒發(fā)的聯(lián)邦牌照的加密貨幣公司。
雖然這則新聞聽起來有心血來潮之嫌,而且專業(yè)味十足,但它對于蓬勃發(fā)展的加密貨幣行業(yè)來說是一個重大里程碑,因為此舉從法律意義上為大型銀行和其他傳統(tǒng)金融公司通過Anchorage向其客戶銷售比特幣和其他數(shù)字貨幣的舉措開了綠燈。
Anchorage由金融巨頭Square的兩位資深人士于2017年成立,最初是一家托管服務(wù)公司,為各大機構(gòu)提供獲取和儲存加密貨幣的新方式。盡管托管服務(wù)依然是公司的主業(yè),但Anchorage如今提供的其他服務(wù)包括交易、借貸以及幫助客戶應(yīng)對“去中心化金融”這個新興世界的工具。
在《財富》雜志的采訪中,首席執(zhí)行官內(nèi)森·麥考利預(yù)測,新牌照將吸引數(shù)千家銀行與Anchorage建立合作關(guān)系,并為最近的加密貨幣熱注入新燃料。
麥考利說:“它會吸引所有那些迄今為止一直在猶豫是否要投身加密貨幣的人士。它意味著加密貨幣資產(chǎn)的可用性將出現(xiàn)重大變化?!彼€指出,自己預(yù)計更多大公司將跟隨Square和Microstrategy的步伐,在自己的財富中添置加密貨幣資產(chǎn)。
盡管包括Anchorage和交易所Kraken在內(nèi)的多家加密貨幣公司已經(jīng)獲得了州銀行頒發(fā)的牌照,但這些牌照的法律效力十分模糊。相反,聯(lián)邦牌照則明確表明,大型銀行可以使用Anchorage來持有其客戶的加密貨幣資產(chǎn)。
Anchorage獲得的牌照類型是一個信托牌照,意味著公司沒有權(quán)力像傳統(tǒng)的存款和支票賬戶那樣,獲得美國聯(lián)邦存款保險公司(FDIC)的支持。然而麥考利指出,機構(gòu)客戶無需擔(dān)心這一點。他還說,Anchorage已經(jīng)與保險巨頭怡安(Aon)簽訂了一份綜合保單,并將其作為虧損后的后盾。
加密貨幣新前沿
在聯(lián)邦銀行體系監(jiān)管機構(gòu)美國貨幣監(jiān)理署做出向Anchorage發(fā)放牌照的決定之前,該機構(gòu)的負責(zé)人布萊恩·布魯克斯在最近做出了一系列有利于加密貨幣的決定。布魯克斯的這些決定包括:允許銀行使用穩(wěn)定幣(與法幣掛鉤的合成幣)以及依靠區(qū)塊鏈網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行交易清算。布魯克斯曾經(jīng)是加密貨幣巨頭Coinbase的首席律師。
麥考利稱,這些監(jiān)管進展將有助于啟動對國家金融體系進行重大更新。他稱,此舉可能會使Anchorage最大的投資者Visa以及其他大型支付提供商在不久的將來整合加密貨幣原生“軌道”(行業(yè)術(shù)語,意指金融信息傳遞的網(wǎng)絡(luò))。
Anchorage當(dāng)前并不盈利。麥考利稱其去年的營收達到了上千萬美元,而且公司的資產(chǎn)負債表“非常健康”。這家公司有70名員工,其很大一部分收入來自于加密貨幣資產(chǎn)存儲傭金。然而,公司的借貸和交易業(yè)務(wù)如今占到了其營收的約25%。
在未來,麥考利預(yù)計Anchorage將從當(dāng)前包括“抵押挖礦”和“治理”等特殊服務(wù)中獲得更多的收入。這些術(shù)語描述的是Tezos和Dfinity等新生代加密貨幣項目的特色功能,能夠讓其數(shù)字代幣擔(dān)任投票工具,也就是說所有者可以通過這項功能決定項目應(yīng)該如何運營。這些功能也是去中心化金融這一新興領(lǐng)域的一個重要特色,其中包括Uniswap這樣的項目,基本上由自動化的計算機程序管理。
如果加密貨幣持續(xù)在主流金融界受到追捧,那么像Anchorage和競爭對手Coinbase Custody這樣的服務(wù)可能會獲益匪淺,因為銀行會轉(zhuǎn)而通過它們提供白標軟件,為自己的客戶提供服務(wù)。理論上它可能會演變?yōu)?,像美國銀行(Bank of America)這類金融機構(gòu)在某一天不僅會向消費者提供比特幣,還會提供多如繁星的其他加密貨幣資產(chǎn)和服務(wù)。
然而,我們無法保證所有這一切都會實現(xiàn)。盡管加密貨幣市場在過去六個月中紅得發(fā)紫,而且比特幣的價格突破了4萬美元大關(guān),但它依然可能會出現(xiàn)暴跌,例如1月9日至10日那個周末的暴跌。還有一種可能,剛上任的拜登政府可能會用對加密貨幣不那么友好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),替換供職于美國貨幣監(jiān)理署的布魯克斯,而且其他金融機構(gòu),尤其是美國證券交易委員會(SEC),依然對加密貨幣行業(yè)充滿質(zhì)疑。
然而,麥考利自稱無需擔(dān)心監(jiān)管逆風(fēng)。他指出,貨幣監(jiān)理署的布魯克斯下達的指令并非是新規(guī)則,而是對現(xiàn)有規(guī)則的詮釋,這意味著這些規(guī)則不大可能會被撤回。貨幣監(jiān)理署如今正在考慮為其他兩家加密貨幣公司頒發(fā)聯(lián)邦牌照。
與此同時,Anchorage從Visa和其他投資者那里籌集了5700萬美元,并稱收到了來自于其他潛在投資者的無數(shù)問詢,而且公司預(yù)計在不久的將來籌集更多資金。
譯者:馮豐
審校:夏林
A startup called Anchorage announced on January 13 that it has become the first cryptocurrency company to receive a federal charter from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.
Wonky and technical as it sounds, the news is a significant milestone for the burgeoning crypto industry, since it provides a legal green light for big banks and other traditional financial companies to use Anchorage as a means to offer Bitcoin and other digital currencies to their customers.
Founded in 2017 by two veterans of financial giant Square, Anchorage began as a custody company that offered institutions a novel way to access and store cryptocurrency. While custody is still the company's bread and butter, Anchorage now offers other services including trading, lending, and tools to help customers navigate the emerging world of "decentralized finance."
In an interview with Fortune, CEO Nathan McCauley predicted that the new charter will lead hundreds of banks to turn to Anchorage as a partner and provide new fuel to the recent cryptocurrency boom.
"It will let all sorts of people come to the table who until now have been hesitant to come in. It marks a big shift in the availability of crypto assets," said McCauley, adding that he expects more big corporations to follow the example of Square and Microstrategy by adding crypto to their treasuries.
While several crypto companies, including Anchorage and the exchange Kraken, have already received state banking charters, the legal effect of those charters is ambiguous. Conversely, the federal charter makes clear that big banks can use Anchorage to hold the crypto assets of their clients.
The specific charter issued to Anchorage is a trust charter, which does not entitle the company to claim the backing of the FDIC, as traditional savings and checking accounts do. But McCauley says this is not a concern for institutional clients, adding that Anchorage has a comprehensive policy with insurance giant Aon to serve as a backstop in the event of loss.
A new frontier for the crypto industry
The decision by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, which oversees the federal banking system, to issue Anchorage a charter follows a series of recent crypto-friendly decisions by the agency's head, Brian Brooks. Those decisions by Brooks, a former top lawyer at crypto giant Coinbase, include permitting banks to use stablecoins—synthetic currency pegged to fiat money—and to rely on blockchain networks to settle transactions.
According to McCauley, these regulatory developments are helping to initiate a major update to the country's financial plumbing. He says this could entail Visa, one of Anchorage's largest investors, and other big payment providers incorporating crypto-native "rails"—the industry term for the networks over which financial information travels—in the near future.
Anchorage is not currently profitable. McCauley says its revenue last year was in the tens of millions and that it has a "very healthy" balance sheet. The 70-employee company still makes the bulk of its money from charging a commission on the crypto assets it stores, but its lending and trading operation now makes up around 25% of its revenue.
In the future, McCauley expects Anchorage to bring in more money from what are now exotic services like "staking" and "governance." These terms describe features of newer cryptocurrency projects like Tezos and Dfinity, which allow their digital tokens to serve as voting tools by which their owners can determine how the projects operate. Those features are also an important feature of the emerging world of decentralized finance (DeFi), including projects like Uniswap, which are largely governed by automated computer programs.
If cryptocurrency continues to gain traction in the world of mainstream finance, services like Anchorage and rival Coinbase Custody could benefit enormously as banks turn to them to provide white label software to serve their own clients. In theory, this could involve the likes of Bank of America one day offering not just Bitcoin but a galaxy of other crypto assets and services to customers.
There is no guarantee all of this will come to pass, however. While the crypto market has been red-hot in the past six months, with the price of Bitcoin eclipsing $40,000, it is still prone to violent crashes like one that happened the weekend of Jan. 9–10. It's also possible that the Biden administration may replace Brooks at the OCC with a less crypto-friendly leader, while other financial agencies—notably the SEC—remain deeply skeptical of the crypto industry.
McCauley, though, professes not to worry about regulatory headwinds. He notes that Brooks’ directives from the OCC, which is also considering federal charters for two other crypto companies, are not new rules but rather interpretations of existing ones—meaning they are less likely to be rolled back.
Meanwhile, Anchorage, which has raised $57 million from Visa and others, says it has been receiving numerous inquiries from other potential investors and that it expects to raise more money in the near future.