在加州選民投票通過(guò)了第24號(hào)提案(Proposition 24)后,該州的各家公司將不得不遵守更加嚴(yán)格的數(shù)據(jù)隱私規(guī)定。
據(jù)美聯(lián)社(Associated Press)報(bào)道,11月4日中午,這項(xiàng)又被稱為《加州隱私權(quán)法案》(California Privacy Rights Act)的提案以56%的得票率通過(guò)。該提案將對(duì)違反相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)隱私規(guī)定的公司處以更嚴(yán)厲的罰款,還將成立新的州執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu),與加州司法局(California’s Justice Department)共同負(fù)責(zé)消費(fèi)者隱私法的執(zhí)法。
第24號(hào)提案對(duì)當(dāng)前已經(jīng)實(shí)施一年的數(shù)據(jù)隱私法《加州消費(fèi)者保護(hù)法》(California Consumer Protection Act)進(jìn)行了修訂,后者規(guī)定,公民有權(quán)要求公司披露并刪除和其本人有關(guān)的全部個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)。分析人士認(rèn)為,該法案的通過(guò)對(duì)谷歌和Facebook等許多科技公司都是一個(gè)重大打擊,因?yàn)檫@些公司通過(guò)運(yùn)營(yíng)大量數(shù)據(jù)收集業(yè)務(wù),來(lái)訓(xùn)練自己的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)、精準(zhǔn)投放線上廣告。
根據(jù)新的《加州隱私權(quán)法案》,消費(fèi)者現(xiàn)在可以要求企業(yè)不要分享他們的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù),而分享數(shù)據(jù)是在線廣告和營(yíng)銷的常見(jiàn)做法。消費(fèi)者還能夠要求公司糾正他們收集到的任何個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù),如果發(fā)現(xiàn)其中有錯(cuò)誤的話。
此外,根據(jù)第24號(hào)提案,侵犯未成年人數(shù)據(jù)隱私權(quán)的公司將被處以最高7500美元的罰款,該提案大部分條款可能將于2023年1月生效。之前,由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全防護(hù)措施不嚴(yán)導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)泄露的企業(yè)可以在數(shù)據(jù)泄露后30天內(nèi)修復(fù)安全漏洞來(lái)避免罰款,今后此舉將不再可行。
24號(hào)提案受到了多位知名政治人物的贊揚(yáng),比如前民主黨總統(tǒng)候選人楊安澤、硅谷眾議員羅?康納、舊金山市市長(zhǎng)倫敦?布瑞德,以及加州有色人種協(xié)進(jìn)會(huì)(NAACP)、常識(shí)(Common Sense)和消費(fèi)者報(bào)告(Consumer Reports)等組織。但與此同時(shí),它也遭到了批評(píng)。
例如,美國(guó)公民自由協(xié)會(huì)(ACLU)反對(duì)第24號(hào)提案,認(rèn)為這可能導(dǎo)致黑人和外來(lái)移民不得不“為他們的隱私買單”。美國(guó)公民自由協(xié)會(huì)稱,24號(hào)提案“漏洞百出”,“如果你告訴公司不要出售你的個(gè)人信息,他們就有機(jī)會(huì)向你收取更高的費(fèi)用?!?/p>
數(shù)字權(quán)利非營(yíng)利組織電子前線基金會(huì)(Electronic Frontier Foundation)對(duì)第24號(hào)提案既不支持也不反對(duì),評(píng)論該提案“在提高加州消費(fèi)者數(shù)據(jù)隱私權(quán)方面做得不夠”。
然而,隨著24號(hào)提案的通過(guò),新數(shù)據(jù)隱私法規(guī)的影響很可能將外溢至全國(guó)其他地區(qū)。例如,微軟等若干公司之前曾經(jīng)表示,會(huì)在全美范圍內(nèi)遵守加州的數(shù)據(jù)隱私規(guī)定,現(xiàn)在通過(guò)了新法律,上述公司可能也會(huì)在新法律框架下繼續(xù)這種操作。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:Agatha
在加州選民投票通過(guò)了第24號(hào)提案(Proposition 24)后,該州的各家公司將不得不遵守更加嚴(yán)格的數(shù)據(jù)隱私規(guī)定。
據(jù)美聯(lián)社(Associated Press)報(bào)道,11月4日中午,這項(xiàng)又被稱為《加州隱私權(quán)法案》(California Privacy Rights Act)的提案以56%的得票率通過(guò)。該提案將對(duì)違反相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)隱私規(guī)定的公司處以更嚴(yán)厲的罰款,還將成立新的州執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu),與加州司法局(California’s Justice Department)共同負(fù)責(zé)消費(fèi)者隱私法的執(zhí)法。
第24號(hào)提案對(duì)當(dāng)前已經(jīng)實(shí)施一年的數(shù)據(jù)隱私法《加州消費(fèi)者保護(hù)法》(California Consumer Protection Act)進(jìn)行了修訂,后者規(guī)定,公民有權(quán)要求公司披露并刪除和其本人有關(guān)的全部個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)。分析人士認(rèn)為,該法案的通過(guò)對(duì)谷歌和Facebook等許多科技公司都是一個(gè)重大打擊,因?yàn)檫@些公司通過(guò)運(yùn)營(yíng)大量數(shù)據(jù)收集業(yè)務(wù),來(lái)訓(xùn)練自己的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)、精準(zhǔn)投放線上廣告。
根據(jù)新的《加州隱私權(quán)法案》,消費(fèi)者現(xiàn)在可以要求企業(yè)不要分享他們的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù),而分享數(shù)據(jù)是在線廣告和營(yíng)銷的常見(jiàn)做法。消費(fèi)者還能夠要求公司糾正他們收集到的任何個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù),如果發(fā)現(xiàn)其中有錯(cuò)誤的話。
此外,根據(jù)第24號(hào)提案,侵犯未成年人數(shù)據(jù)隱私權(quán)的公司將被處以最高7500美元的罰款,該提案大部分條款可能將于2023年1月生效。之前,由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全防護(hù)措施不嚴(yán)導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)泄露的企業(yè)可以在數(shù)據(jù)泄露后30天內(nèi)修復(fù)安全漏洞來(lái)避免罰款,今后此舉將不再可行。
24號(hào)提案受到了多位知名政治人物的贊揚(yáng),比如前民主黨總統(tǒng)候選人楊安澤、硅谷眾議員羅?康納、舊金山市市長(zhǎng)倫敦?布瑞德,以及加州有色人種協(xié)進(jìn)會(huì)(NAACP)、常識(shí)(Common Sense)和消費(fèi)者報(bào)告(Consumer Reports)等組織。但與此同時(shí),它也遭到了批評(píng)。
例如,美國(guó)公民自由協(xié)會(huì)(ACLU)反對(duì)第24號(hào)提案,認(rèn)為這可能導(dǎo)致黑人和外來(lái)移民不得不“為他們的隱私買單”。美國(guó)公民自由協(xié)會(huì)稱,24號(hào)提案“漏洞百出”,“如果你告訴公司不要出售你的個(gè)人信息,他們就有機(jī)會(huì)向你收取更高的費(fèi)用?!?/p>
數(shù)字權(quán)利非營(yíng)利組織電子前線基金會(huì)(Electronic Frontier Foundation)對(duì)第24號(hào)提案既不支持也不反對(duì),評(píng)論該提案“在提高加州消費(fèi)者數(shù)據(jù)隱私權(quán)方面做得不夠”。
然而,隨著24號(hào)提案的通過(guò),新數(shù)據(jù)隱私法規(guī)的影響很可能將外溢至全國(guó)其他地區(qū)。例如,微軟等若干公司之前曾經(jīng)表示,會(huì)在全美范圍內(nèi)遵守加州的數(shù)據(jù)隱私規(guī)定,現(xiàn)在通過(guò)了新法律,上述公司可能也會(huì)在新法律框架下繼續(xù)這種操作。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:Agatha
Companies operating in California will have to comply with tougher data privacy rules after voters approved Proposition 24.
The measure, also known as the California Privacy Rights Act, passed with 56% of the vote as of midday November 4, according to the Associated Press. The proposition would impose stiffer fines on companies that break certain data privacy rules and create a new state agency that along with California’s Justice Department will enforce the state’s consumer privacy laws.
Prop. 24 revamps California’s current year-old data privacy law, known as the California Consumer Protection Act (CCPA), which gave residents the ability to demand that companies disclose and delete any personal data they gathered about them. Analysts considered the passing of that law a major blow to many tech companies like Google and Facebook that operate vast data-collection operations used to train their machine-learning systems and target consumers with online advertising.
Under the new California Privacy Rights Act, consumers will now be able to ask businesses to not share their personal data, a common practice in online advertising and marketing. Consumers will also be able to ask companies to correct any personal data they have gathered if they have noticed errors.
Additionally, companies that violate the data privacy rights of minors could be penalized up to $7,500 under Prop. 24, most of which will likely take effect by January 2023. Businesses that suffer data breaches as a result of lax cybersecurity will also no longer be able to avoid fines by fixing their security holes within 30 days of a data leak.
Prop. 24 received praise from notable politicians like former Democratic presidential candidate Andrew Yang, Silicon Valley Rep. Ro Khanna, San Francisco Mayor London Breed, and organizations like the California NAACP, Common Sense, and Consumer Reports. But it also faced criticism.
The ACLU, for instance, opposed Prop. 24, saying that it could result in Black and immigrant communities having to “pay for their privacy.” The ACLU said that Prop. 24 is “full of loopholes” and “allows companies to charge you more if you tell them not to sell your personal information.”
The Electronic Frontier Foundation, a digital rights nonprofit, abstained from either supporting or opposing Prop. 24, saying that it doesn’t “do enough to advance the data privacy of California consumers.”
Still, with Prop. 24's approval, there’s a good chance that the new data privacy rules will have an impact outside California. For instance, several businesses like Microsoft had said that they would comply with California’s previous data privacy rules nationwide, and they may do the same with the new law.