受到技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會因素的影響,多年來就業(yè)市場一直在發(fā)生著變化。今年的新冠疫情大幅提高了這種變化的速度和強(qiáng)度。
我們從就業(yè)崗位的變化中就可以看出這種趨勢。在醫(yī)療保健、餐旅業(yè)、零售、交通運(yùn)輸、娛樂和旅游業(yè)等受新冠疫情影響最為嚴(yán)重的行業(yè),就業(yè)崗位必須適應(yīng)商業(yè)模式的轉(zhuǎn)變。受到影響的員工必須掌握不同的技能,還要想方設(shè)法證明他們現(xiàn)有的技能對于新崗位有重要的價值。隨著越來越多員工改為遠(yuǎn)程辦公,所有工作崗位對數(shù)字技能的要求日益提高。
與此同時,新冠疫情使經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)生了巨變,導(dǎo)致失業(yè)率升高,讓越來越多的人和家庭難以維持生計。
有許多原因促使我們關(guān)注未來的就業(yè),而且我們認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在談?wù)撨@個問題比任何時候都有意義。Workday公司從創(chuàng)立之初,就致力于開發(fā)以人為本的技術(shù)。幫助人們提高工作效率,分享職業(yè)發(fā)展所需要的技能,為所有人創(chuàng)造機(jī)會,這是我們堅定不移的信念。
全球許多大公司都是我們的客戶,因此我們認(rèn)為我們責(zé)無旁貸,應(yīng)該為塑造未來的就業(yè)出一份力。我們認(rèn)為,如果企業(yè)和政府不能迅速采取有效的措施,未來就將有許多人面臨被時代淘汰的風(fēng)險。我們采訪過多位州長。通過與他們的交流我們了解到,顯然他們認(rèn)為自己有責(zé)任幫助人們重回工作崗位,而且他們也意識到高失業(yè)率會從許多方面嚴(yán)重影響本地的財務(wù)穩(wěn)定。
連通求職者和雇主
我們認(rèn)為面對這些挑戰(zhàn),有一種創(chuàng)新解決方案:創(chuàng)建基于技能的人才市場。如果我們知道某個社區(qū)內(nèi)人們具備的技能和雇主們需要的技能,為什么不創(chuàng)建一個平臺,利用我們所掌握的信息,幫助人們重返職場呢?而且,如果人們需要重塑或提升技能,就可以在這個平臺上找到自己需要的培訓(xùn)。
很可惜,當(dāng)前的就業(yè)市場無法實現(xiàn)這個理想。雖然有許多招聘網(wǎng)站努力為求職者匹配工作機(jī)會,但職位說明中往往強(qiáng)調(diào)的是求職者的出身背景,例如學(xué)位等,而不是崗位需要的技能。這會讓許多人,尤其是女性和有色人種,被排除在就業(yè)市場之外,因為他們雖然具備必要的技能,卻沒有接受過中等教育,這些技能都來自工作實踐或相關(guān)經(jīng)驗。
為了創(chuàng)建一個真正的人才市場,整個社會需要采用基于技能的招聘模式。尤其是機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)(ML)這種人工智能技術(shù)能夠在這方面發(fā)揮重要的作用,因為機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)可以從數(shù)以百萬計的數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)中識別出數(shù)千種技能,并顯示出各種技能之間的關(guān)系。事實上,非營利組織Opportunity@Work將與Workday合作,利用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)支持的技術(shù),為沒有大學(xué)學(xué)歷但被Opportunity@Work稱為“STAR”(通過其他途徑接受過培訓(xùn))的求職者,匹配需要其技能的雇主。
三個關(guān)鍵步驟
為了創(chuàng)建基于技能的人才市場,滿足雇主和求職者的需要,我們必須將開放技能數(shù)據(jù)集與實際信息相結(jié)合。為此,我們需要攜起手來,收集并分享與當(dāng)今及未來工作崗位所需要的技能有關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)。有三個步驟至關(guān)重要:
識別雇主需要的技能。各州通過與本地最大的雇主合作,能夠識別本地經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需要的技能。然后,他們可以根據(jù)這些信息,充分利用日益成熟的在線學(xué)習(xí)平臺,推廣勞動者培訓(xùn)項目。
發(fā)現(xiàn)社區(qū)中的現(xiàn)有技能。各州能夠收集申領(lǐng)失業(yè)補(bǔ)助的人員自愿提交的技能數(shù)據(jù),并利用該信息吸引正在尋找特定技能的雇主。
加強(qiáng)對技能數(shù)據(jù)的公私共享。公司應(yīng)該承諾在開放平臺上分享實時就業(yè)崗位和技能數(shù)據(jù),用于進(jìn)行共享分析,而政府則應(yīng)該通過自愿數(shù)據(jù)報告系統(tǒng)匯總各行各業(yè)的信息。
除了現(xiàn)有的勞動者培訓(xùn)項目以外,我們認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)該支持雇主提供的培訓(xùn),以幫助員工發(fā)展自己的事業(yè),在技術(shù)變革中保持領(lǐng)先優(yōu)勢。
只要我們?nèi)f眾一心,就可以解決這些挑戰(zhàn)。我們能夠識別求職者具備的技能,并提供必要的培訓(xùn),幫助他們提升技能,發(fā)展自身的事業(yè)。我們可以幫助雇主找到具備其所需技能的人才。各縣、市和州級政府能夠做好自己的本職工作,實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮,為所有人創(chuàng)造機(jī)會。(財富中文網(wǎng))
本文作者戴維?薩默斯是Workday公司的人才優(yōu)化總經(jīng)理。安尼爾?布斯里是Workday公司的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人及聯(lián)席首席執(zhí)行官。
翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
受到技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會因素的影響,多年來就業(yè)市場一直在發(fā)生著變化。今年的新冠疫情大幅提高了這種變化的速度和強(qiáng)度。
我們從就業(yè)崗位的變化中就可以看出這種趨勢。在醫(yī)療保健、餐旅業(yè)、零售、交通運(yùn)輸、娛樂和旅游業(yè)等受新冠疫情影響最為嚴(yán)重的行業(yè),就業(yè)崗位必須適應(yīng)商業(yè)模式的轉(zhuǎn)變。受到影響的員工必須掌握不同的技能,還要想方設(shè)法證明他們現(xiàn)有的技能對于新崗位有重要的價值。隨著越來越多員工改為遠(yuǎn)程辦公,所有工作崗位對數(shù)字技能的要求日益提高。
與此同時,新冠疫情使經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)生了巨變,導(dǎo)致失業(yè)率升高,讓越來越多的人和家庭難以維持生計。
有許多原因促使我們關(guān)注未來的就業(yè),而且我們認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在談?wù)撨@個問題比任何時候都有意義。Workday公司從創(chuàng)立之初,就致力于開發(fā)以人為本的技術(shù)。幫助人們提高工作效率,分享職業(yè)發(fā)展所需要的技能,為所有人創(chuàng)造機(jī)會,這是我們堅定不移的信念。
全球許多大公司都是我們的客戶,因此我們認(rèn)為我們責(zé)無旁貸,應(yīng)該為塑造未來的就業(yè)出一份力。我們認(rèn)為,如果企業(yè)和政府不能迅速采取有效的措施,未來就將有許多人面臨被時代淘汰的風(fēng)險。我們采訪過多位州長。通過與他們的交流我們了解到,顯然他們認(rèn)為自己有責(zé)任幫助人們重回工作崗位,而且他們也意識到高失業(yè)率會從許多方面嚴(yán)重影響本地的財務(wù)穩(wěn)定。
連通求職者和雇主
我們認(rèn)為面對這些挑戰(zhàn),有一種創(chuàng)新解決方案:創(chuàng)建基于技能的人才市場。如果我們知道某個社區(qū)內(nèi)人們具備的技能和雇主們需要的技能,為什么不創(chuàng)建一個平臺,利用我們所掌握的信息,幫助人們重返職場呢?而且,如果人們需要重塑或提升技能,就可以在這個平臺上找到自己需要的培訓(xùn)。
很可惜,當(dāng)前的就業(yè)市場無法實現(xiàn)這個理想。雖然有許多招聘網(wǎng)站努力為求職者匹配工作機(jī)會,但職位說明中往往強(qiáng)調(diào)的是求職者的出身背景,例如學(xué)位等,而不是崗位需要的技能。這會讓許多人,尤其是女性和有色人種,被排除在就業(yè)市場之外,因為他們雖然具備必要的技能,卻沒有接受過中等教育,這些技能都來自工作實踐或相關(guān)經(jīng)驗。
為了創(chuàng)建一個真正的人才市場,整個社會需要采用基于技能的招聘模式。尤其是機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)(ML)這種人工智能技術(shù)能夠在這方面發(fā)揮重要的作用,因為機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)可以從數(shù)以百萬計的數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)中識別出數(shù)千種技能,并顯示出各種技能之間的關(guān)系。事實上,非營利組織Opportunity@Work將與Workday合作,利用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)支持的技術(shù),為沒有大學(xué)學(xué)歷但被Opportunity@Work稱為“STAR”(通過其他途徑接受過培訓(xùn))的求職者,匹配需要其技能的雇主。
三個關(guān)鍵步驟
為了創(chuàng)建基于技能的人才市場,滿足雇主和求職者的需要,我們必須將開放技能數(shù)據(jù)集與實際信息相結(jié)合。為此,我們需要攜起手來,收集并分享與當(dāng)今及未來工作崗位所需要的技能有關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)。有三個步驟至關(guān)重要:
識別雇主需要的技能。各州通過與本地最大的雇主合作,能夠識別本地經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需要的技能。然后,他們可以根據(jù)這些信息,充分利用日益成熟的在線學(xué)習(xí)平臺,推廣勞動者培訓(xùn)項目。
發(fā)現(xiàn)社區(qū)中的現(xiàn)有技能。各州能夠收集申領(lǐng)失業(yè)補(bǔ)助的人員自愿提交的技能數(shù)據(jù),并利用該信息吸引正在尋找特定技能的雇主。
加強(qiáng)對技能數(shù)據(jù)的公私共享。公司應(yīng)該承諾在開放平臺上分享實時就業(yè)崗位和技能數(shù)據(jù),用于進(jìn)行共享分析,而政府則應(yīng)該通過自愿數(shù)據(jù)報告系統(tǒng)匯總各行各業(yè)的信息。
除了現(xiàn)有的勞動者培訓(xùn)項目以外,我們認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)該支持雇主提供的培訓(xùn),以幫助員工發(fā)展自己的事業(yè),在技術(shù)變革中保持領(lǐng)先優(yōu)勢。
只要我們?nèi)f眾一心,就可以解決這些挑戰(zhàn)。我們能夠識別求職者具備的技能,并提供必要的培訓(xùn),幫助他們提升技能,發(fā)展自身的事業(yè)。我們可以幫助雇主找到具備其所需技能的人才。各縣、市和州級政府能夠做好自己的本職工作,實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮,為所有人創(chuàng)造機(jī)會。(財富中文網(wǎng))
本文作者戴維?薩默斯是Workday公司的人才優(yōu)化總經(jīng)理。安尼爾?布斯里是Workday公司的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人及聯(lián)席首席執(zhí)行官。
翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
The world of work has been undergoing change for years, driven by technological, economical, and societal factors. This year, the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically accelerated and intensified those changes.
We see it in the way jobs are changing. In industries most impacted by the pandemic—including health care, hospitality, retail, transportation, entertainment, and tourism—jobs must adapt to shifting business models. Affected workers are having to gain different skills and must also have a way to show how their existing skills are valuable in new roles. And with more people working remotely, the need for digital skills has intensified for all types of jobs.
At the same time, the pandemic has dramatically altered our economy, resulting in high unemployment and making it difficult for an increasing number of people and families just to make ends meet.
There are many reasons why we’re so focused on the future of work, and we believe there’s never been a more important time than now to be talking about it. Since day one at Workday, our specialty has been building technology that puts people first. Helping people work most effectively, sharing the skills they need in order to grow, and making opportunities available to people—all people—are deeply ingrained in everything we do.
With many of the largest companies in the world as our customers, we feel enormous responsibility for the role we play in helping shape the future of work. Without effective, immediate action by both businesses and governments, we see a future that puts many people at risk of falling ever further behind. And based on conversations we’ve had with several governors, it’s clear they feel a responsibility to help get people back to work, and that they also realize that high unemployment negatively impacts their states’ financial stability in many ways.
Connecting people with employers
We believe there is an innovative solution to help address these challenges: the creation of skills-based talent marketplaces. If we know the skills of individuals in a community, and what employers are looking for, why not create marketplaces where we can leverage these insights and help people get back to work? And, in such a marketplace, those who need reskilling or upskilling could identify and access the training they need.
Unfortunately, employment markets today fall short of this ideal. While numerous job boards seek to match workers with opportunities, too often the job descriptions focus on pedigree, such as degrees earned, rather than the skills needed for the role. This excludes from the job market those—in many cases women and people of color—who have the skills required but attained them through work or related experiences rather than secondary education.
To create a true talent marketplace, as a society we need to shift to skills-based employment practices. Machine learning (ML), a form of artificial intelligence, plays a particularly powerful role here, as ML can identify thousands of skills derived from millions of data points, and show relationships among those skills. In fact, the nonprofit organization Opportunity@Work is going to leverage ML-powered technologies to match workers who don’t have four-year degrees but are what Opportunity@Work calls “STARs”—skilled through alternative routes—with employers who are in need of their skills, through a partnership with Workday.
Three critical steps
In order to create the skills-based marketplaces employers and workers need, we must combine open skills data sets with real-world information. To do that, all of us need to work together to collect and share data on skills needed for the jobs of today and in the future. Three steps are critical:
Identifying the skills employers need. Through partnerships with their largest employers, states could identify the skills needed for their economies. They could then use that information to drive worker training programs, utilizing increasingly sophisticated online learning platforms.
Identifying existing skills in the community. States could collect skills information, submitted voluntarily from those filing for unemployment, and use that information to attract employers looking for particular skill pools.
Enhancing public-private sharing of skills data. Companies should commit to sharing real-time jobs and skills data on open platforms for shared analysis, with governments helping to bring industries together via voluntary data reporting systems.
In addition to existing worker training programs, we believe governments should support employer-provided training that helps workers advance their careers and stay ahead of technological change.
Working together, we can solve these challenges. We can identify the skills individuals have and provide the training they need to improve their skills and themselves. We can help employers find people with the skills they need. And for towns, cities, and states, we can do our part to create thriving economies with opportunities for all.
David Somers is the general manager for talent optimization at Workday. Aneel Bhusri is a cofounder and co-CEO of Workday.