蘋果公布的第三財季業(yè)績表現(xiàn)強(qiáng)勁,贏得華爾街一片贊譽(yù),股價也大幅上漲,創(chuàng)下新高,蘋果股票的潛在投資者所面臨的難題也隨之突顯出來。
對于熱情的追捧者而言,7月30日收盤后公布的第三財季業(yè)績標(biāo)志著蘋果的快速增長進(jìn)入一個新階段。2019年第三季度的業(yè)績增長尤其令人印象深刻,因為人們最關(guān)注的就是這些數(shù)字。報告顯示,第三財季營收較去年同期增長11%,達(dá)到597億美元,其中,包括App Store銷售傭金在內(nèi)的利潤率較高的業(yè)務(wù)更是實現(xiàn)了近14%的漲幅。鑒于蘋果首席執(zhí)行官蒂姆·庫克曾發(fā)出警示稱蘋果在中國的銷售業(yè)績可能會有所下滑,因此,第三財季中中國市場的小幅增長算是一個意外的驚喜。每股盈利2.58美元,自由現(xiàn)金流160億美元,雙雙締造季度最佳紀(jì)錄。
報告幾乎贏得了分析師一片唱多歡呼,許多分析師都上調(diào)了蘋果的目標(biāo)價。加拿大皇家銀行分析師羅伯特·穆勒將未來12個月的預(yù)測目標(biāo)價從390美元上調(diào)至440美元,Wedbush分析師丹尼爾·艾夫斯稱贊蘋果取得了“井噴式”的增長表現(xiàn),并重申了他給出的450美元的市場價,這個價格比7月29日385美元的收盤價還要高出17%。CNBC頗受歡迎的下午5點檔節(jié)目《Fast Money》的四名交易員都給出了極高的評價。節(jié)目嘉賓、Loup Ventures創(chuàng)始人、科技投資者吉恩·蒙斯特稱蘋果股價“仍然相對便宜”,并預(yù)計未來可達(dá)到10%至15%的增長,市盈率將與Facebook和Alphabet不相上下。和蘋果的眾多支持者一樣,蒙斯特也預(yù)測蘋果新款5G iPhone的發(fā)布將開啟新一輪的擴(kuò)張超級周期?;鸾?jīng)理和分析師認(rèn)為,首席財務(wù)官盧卡·馬埃斯特里在電話會議上給出的最新消息稱,新款iPhone將推遲幾周發(fā)布,預(yù)計發(fā)布時間在10月份,但這只是一個小小的遺憾。
7月30日,蘋果股價上漲10.5%,以每股425美元創(chuàng)歷史新高,市值增加逾1750億美元,達(dá)到1.84萬億美元。蘋果一個交易日的收益就相當(dāng)于英特爾87%的市值。
如果事實證明預(yù)期的“iPhone 12”引發(fā)市場轟動,并且蘋果不斷推出超級暢銷產(chǎn)品,那么蘋果就可能會產(chǎn)生保持其股價快速增長所需的巨額收益。但在這種令人興奮的估值下,如果蘋果不能達(dá)到這個水平,現(xiàn)在購買蘋果股票的投資者就會面臨一段艱難的旅程。簡而言之,第三季度的良好業(yè)績還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能有力證明蘋果正在步入一個快速增長的持久階段。
因為放在更長的時期內(nèi)來看,蘋果的銷售額和利潤只實現(xiàn)了最低限度的年度增長,這讓人懷疑它是否能突然重塑為成長型股票的新形象。過去12個月的表現(xiàn)也不例外。對于投資者來說,問題在于,從2019年年中開始,蘋果股價出現(xiàn)大幅上漲,而這種上漲很大程度上并非受利潤增長推動,而是因為投資者和基金交易股票所支付的成本急劇攀升,換句話說,市盈率激增使得這樣的一次性交易成本變得過于昂貴。
要理解蘋果是如何從一款絕佳的投資產(chǎn)品變成一場高價賭博,比較有意義的做法就是看看它在過去五年里截至6月份的四個季度的收益和股價的演變歷程。在這個時間框架內(nèi),我們可以將蘋果剛剛結(jié)束的12個月的年化表現(xiàn)與2015年6月至2019年6月同期的全年表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行比較。正如我們看到的那樣,基本面和股價幾年來一直徘徊不前,直到估值一飛沖天。
截至2015年6月的一年時間里,蘋果公布的凈利潤為508億美元,每股收益8.66美元。125美元的股價下,市盈率為14.6,股息收益率1.7%。這些指標(biāo)不禁讓人要尖叫著“買入!”為什么呢?因為蘋果最大的優(yōu)勢在于,雖然它的歷史收益只略微跑贏通脹,但它通過回購的形式返還給股東的收益至少達(dá)到了100%。因此,在2015年,由于市盈率如此之低,蘋果花在回購上的每一美元都起到了很大的作用,每股收益因此提高了6.8美分,即6.8%。加上1.7%的股息,假設(shè)收益增長2%,你的總回報率將是10.5%。這意味著市盈率將保持在同樣溫和的低于15的水平。在這個微不足道的倍數(shù)上再加幾個點,回報率會更高。
一年后,也就是2017年6月,蘋果的股價更低。市盈率曾降至11。但在截至2017年、2018年和2019年年中的這三個時期,市盈率都在16.4到16.9之間,股息收益率1.6%到1.7%,這意味著即使蘋果幾乎沒有增長,你也能獲得10%的年回報率。
2019年年中開始出現(xiàn)巨變。從去年6月到2020年7月30日,蘋果股價從198美元飆升至425美元,漲幅達(dá)115%。自2015年6月以來的增幅高達(dá)240%。投資者應(yīng)該擔(dān)心的是,在這五年中,每股收益的增長速度還不到增幅的四分之一,從8.66美元升至13.17美元,漲幅為52%。因此,蘋果股價在過去五年里幾乎上漲了3.5倍,最重要的驅(qū)動因素卻不是利潤的提高,而是市盈率增加了一倍多,從14.6上漲到目前的32.3。
事實上,從2015年年中到今年第三季度,蘋果總利潤每年僅增長2.1%,從508億美元增長到553億美元。每股收益提高很大程度上來自于公司史上規(guī)模最大的一系列股票回購。令人震驚的是,五年時間里蘋果花費(fèi)了3370億美元用于回購,將其流通股從57.3億股降至目前的43.5億股,占同期每股收益漲幅的60%以上。
盡管新的第三季度財報業(yè)績喜人,但實際上蘋果的總利潤在接下來的四個季度里持平,從557美元略降至553億美元。蘋果每股收益12%的增長完全來自于更大規(guī)模的回購。利潤呈現(xiàn)略微的逆市而上。從較長的四個季度來看,營收增長了5.8%,遠(yuǎn)不如備受贊譽(yù)的第三季度11%的增幅令人印象深刻。
蘋果前景
投資者從現(xiàn)在開始可以預(yù)期的收益與2015年年中的前景預(yù)測相比,假設(shè)蘋果的收益遵循與通脹持平的長期趨勢。以現(xiàn)在的32.3倍市盈率計算,用于回購的每一美元回報率為3.1美分或3.1%,不足五年前6.8%的一半。股息收益率從1.7%縮水至0.77%。使用這些參數(shù)計算,投資者未來可以預(yù)期的總回報率為5.9%(3.1%來自于回購,股息收益0.77%,外加2%的利潤增長)?,F(xiàn)在蘋果被定價為“成長型股票”,與其被成為價值股的日子相比,你獲得的回報可能會降低40%。
然而,如果蘋果的市盈率保持現(xiàn)在的32.3倍,這比2019年年中17倍以下的市盈率高出90%,那么投資者享受的回報率只有不足6%。五年前,對于投資者而言,蘋果市盈率可能縮水幾乎不構(gòu)成任何風(fēng)險,因為這個市盈率實在太低了,并且投資者相當(dāng)看好蘋果的市盈率會增長。事實確實如此。如今,投資者面臨著一個新的風(fēng)險:蘋果未來不會如擁護(hù)者期望的那般實現(xiàn)兩位數(shù)的利潤增長,一旦這一點明朗化,市盈率將重新回到價值范疇。不斷下降的溢價將超過來自于回購的每股收益,繼而出現(xiàn)股價暴跌。
蘋果是一家了不起的公司,這一趨勢并沒有發(fā)生改變。并且直到一年前,蘋果還是一款絕佳的投資產(chǎn)品。蘋果后期表現(xiàn)如何尚不可知,但推動其股價飆升的動力決定了蘋果需要怎么做才能實現(xiàn)更具挑戰(zhàn)性的業(yè)績、讓投資者賺錢。
在這一片看好中,這些擁護(hù)者已經(jīng)把門檻定得太高了,甚至就連蘋果也難以給出達(dá)到他們期望的回報。(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:唐塵
蘋果公布的第三財季業(yè)績表現(xiàn)強(qiáng)勁,贏得華爾街一片贊譽(yù),股價也大幅上漲,創(chuàng)下新高,蘋果股票的潛在投資者所面臨的難題也隨之突顯出來。
對于熱情的追捧者而言,7月30日收盤后公布的第三財季業(yè)績標(biāo)志著蘋果的快速增長進(jìn)入一個新階段。2019年第三季度的業(yè)績增長尤其令人印象深刻,因為人們最關(guān)注的就是這些數(shù)字。報告顯示,第三財季營收較去年同期增長11%,達(dá)到597億美元,其中,包括App Store銷售傭金在內(nèi)的利潤率較高的業(yè)務(wù)更是實現(xiàn)了近14%的漲幅。鑒于蘋果首席執(zhí)行官蒂姆·庫克曾發(fā)出警示稱蘋果在中國的銷售業(yè)績可能會有所下滑,因此,第三財季中中國市場的小幅增長算是一個意外的驚喜。每股盈利2.58美元,自由現(xiàn)金流160億美元,雙雙締造季度最佳紀(jì)錄。
報告幾乎贏得了分析師一片唱多歡呼,許多分析師都上調(diào)了蘋果的目標(biāo)價。加拿大皇家銀行分析師羅伯特·穆勒將未來12個月的預(yù)測目標(biāo)價從390美元上調(diào)至440美元,Wedbush分析師丹尼爾·艾夫斯稱贊蘋果取得了“井噴式”的增長表現(xiàn),并重申了他給出的450美元的市場價,這個價格比7月29日385美元的收盤價還要高出17%。CNBC頗受歡迎的下午5點檔節(jié)目《Fast Money》的四名交易員都給出了極高的評價。節(jié)目嘉賓、Loup Ventures創(chuàng)始人、科技投資者吉恩·蒙斯特稱蘋果股價“仍然相對便宜”,并預(yù)計未來可達(dá)到10%至15%的增長,市盈率將與Facebook和Alphabet不相上下。和蘋果的眾多支持者一樣,蒙斯特也預(yù)測蘋果新款5G iPhone的發(fā)布將開啟新一輪的擴(kuò)張超級周期。基金經(jīng)理和分析師認(rèn)為,首席財務(wù)官盧卡·馬埃斯特里在電話會議上給出的最新消息稱,新款iPhone將推遲幾周發(fā)布,預(yù)計發(fā)布時間在10月份,但這只是一個小小的遺憾。
7月30日,蘋果股價上漲10.5%,以每股425美元創(chuàng)歷史新高,市值增加逾1750億美元,達(dá)到1.84萬億美元。蘋果一個交易日的收益就相當(dāng)于英特爾87%的市值。
如果事實證明預(yù)期的“iPhone 12”引發(fā)市場轟動,并且蘋果不斷推出超級暢銷產(chǎn)品,那么蘋果就可能會產(chǎn)生保持其股價快速增長所需的巨額收益。但在這種令人興奮的估值下,如果蘋果不能達(dá)到這個水平,現(xiàn)在購買蘋果股票的投資者就會面臨一段艱難的旅程。簡而言之,第三季度的良好業(yè)績還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能有力證明蘋果正在步入一個快速增長的持久階段。
因為放在更長的時期內(nèi)來看,蘋果的銷售額和利潤只實現(xiàn)了最低限度的年度增長,這讓人懷疑它是否能突然重塑為成長型股票的新形象。過去12個月的表現(xiàn)也不例外。對于投資者來說,問題在于,從2019年年中開始,蘋果股價出現(xiàn)大幅上漲,而這種上漲很大程度上并非受利潤增長推動,而是因為投資者和基金交易股票所支付的成本急劇攀升,換句話說,市盈率激增使得這樣的一次性交易成本變得過于昂貴。
要理解蘋果是如何從一款絕佳的投資產(chǎn)品變成一場高價賭博,比較有意義的做法就是看看它在過去五年里截至6月份的四個季度的收益和股價的演變歷程。在這個時間框架內(nèi),我們可以將蘋果剛剛結(jié)束的12個月的年化表現(xiàn)與2015年6月至2019年6月同期的全年表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行比較。正如我們看到的那樣,基本面和股價幾年來一直徘徊不前,直到估值一飛沖天。
截至2015年6月的一年時間里,蘋果公布的凈利潤為508億美元,每股收益8.66美元。125美元的股價下,市盈率為14.6,股息收益率1.7%。這些指標(biāo)不禁讓人要尖叫著“買入!”為什么呢?因為蘋果最大的優(yōu)勢在于,雖然它的歷史收益只略微跑贏通脹,但它通過回購的形式返還給股東的收益至少達(dá)到了100%。因此,在2015年,由于市盈率如此之低,蘋果花在回購上的每一美元都起到了很大的作用,每股收益因此提高了6.8美分,即6.8%。加上1.7%的股息,假設(shè)收益增長2%,你的總回報率將是10.5%。這意味著市盈率將保持在同樣溫和的低于15的水平。在這個微不足道的倍數(shù)上再加幾個點,回報率會更高。
一年后,也就是2017年6月,蘋果的股價更低。市盈率曾降至11。但在截至2017年、2018年和2019年年中的這三個時期,市盈率都在16.4到16.9之間,股息收益率1.6%到1.7%,這意味著即使蘋果幾乎沒有增長,你也能獲得10%的年回報率。
2019年年中開始出現(xiàn)巨變。從去年6月到2020年7月30日,蘋果股價從198美元飆升至425美元,漲幅達(dá)115%。自2015年6月以來的增幅高達(dá)240%。投資者應(yīng)該擔(dān)心的是,在這五年中,每股收益的增長速度還不到增幅的四分之一,從8.66美元升至13.17美元,漲幅為52%。因此,蘋果股價在過去五年里幾乎上漲了3.5倍,最重要的驅(qū)動因素卻不是利潤的提高,而是市盈率增加了一倍多,從14.6上漲到目前的32.3。
事實上,從2015年年中到今年第三季度,蘋果總利潤每年僅增長2.1%,從508億美元增長到553億美元。每股收益提高很大程度上來自于公司史上規(guī)模最大的一系列股票回購。令人震驚的是,五年時間里蘋果花費(fèi)了3370億美元用于回購,將其流通股從57.3億股降至目前的43.5億股,占同期每股收益漲幅的60%以上。
盡管新的第三季度財報業(yè)績喜人,但實際上蘋果的總利潤在接下來的四個季度里持平,從557美元略降至553億美元。蘋果每股收益12%的增長完全來自于更大規(guī)模的回購。利潤呈現(xiàn)略微的逆市而上。從較長的四個季度來看,營收增長了5.8%,遠(yuǎn)不如備受贊譽(yù)的第三季度11%的增幅令人印象深刻。
蘋果前景
投資者從現(xiàn)在開始可以預(yù)期的收益與2015年年中的前景預(yù)測相比,假設(shè)蘋果的收益遵循與通脹持平的長期趨勢。以現(xiàn)在的32.3倍市盈率計算,用于回購的每一美元回報率為3.1美分或3.1%,不足五年前6.8%的一半。股息收益率從1.7%縮水至0.77%。使用這些參數(shù)計算,投資者未來可以預(yù)期的總回報率為5.9%(3.1%來自于回購,股息收益0.77%,外加2%的利潤增長)?,F(xiàn)在蘋果被定價為“成長型股票”,與其被成為價值股的日子相比,你獲得的回報可能會降低40%。
然而,如果蘋果的市盈率保持現(xiàn)在的32.3倍,這比2019年年中17倍以下的市盈率高出90%,那么投資者享受的回報率只有不足6%。五年前,對于投資者而言,蘋果市盈率可能縮水幾乎不構(gòu)成任何風(fēng)險,因為這個市盈率實在太低了,并且投資者相當(dāng)看好蘋果的市盈率會增長。事實確實如此。如今,投資者面臨著一個新的風(fēng)險:蘋果未來不會如擁護(hù)者期望的那般實現(xiàn)兩位數(shù)的利潤增長,一旦這一點明朗化,市盈率將重新回到價值范疇。不斷下降的溢價將超過來自于回購的每股收益,繼而出現(xiàn)股價暴跌。
蘋果是一家了不起的公司,這一趨勢并沒有發(fā)生改變。并且直到一年前,蘋果還是一款絕佳的投資產(chǎn)品。蘋果后期表現(xiàn)如何尚不可知,但推動其股價飆升的動力決定了蘋果需要怎么做才能實現(xiàn)更具挑戰(zhàn)性的業(yè)績、讓投資者賺錢。
在這一片看好中,這些擁護(hù)者已經(jīng)把門檻定得太高了,甚至就連蘋果也難以給出達(dá)到他們期望的回報。(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:唐塵
Apple's strong Q3 earnings announcement––drawing kudos on Wall Street and sending its price surging to record highs––underscores the puzzle that faces anyone thinking about buying the shares.
For enthusiasts, the Q3 results, unveiled after the market close on July 30, marked a new phase of much faster growth. The gains over the third quarter of 2019 were particularly impressive, and those were the numbers that got the most attention. Total revenues jumped 11% to $59.7 billion, led by an almost 14% advance in high-margin services, such as commissions on App Store sales. A slight increase in revenues from China was a welcome surprise, since CEO Tim Cook had warned that a decline was probable. Earnings-per-share of $2.58 and free cash flow of $16 billion both set quarterly records.
The report won practically universal cheers from analysts, many of whom raised their price targets. RBC's Robert Muller lifted his 12-month forecast from $390 to $440, and Daniel Ives of Wedbush lauded the "blowout" performance and reiterated his $450 marker, 17% above the closing price of $385 on July 29. All four traders on CNBC's popular 5 PM show "Fast Money" gave excellent reviews. A guest on the broadcast, tech investor Gene Munster of Loup Ventures, called Apple's shares "still relatively inexpensive," and foresees a growth rate of 10% to 15% going forward, meriting a price-to-earnings multiple on par with Facebook and Alphabet. Munster joins many Apple supporters in predicting that the introduction of its new 5G iPhone will launch a new super-cycle for expansion. Money managers and analysts deemed CFO Luca Maestri's update on the conference call that the model's launch will be delayed a few weeks, until sometime in October, only a minor disappointment.
On July 30, Apple shares waxed 10.5% to an all-time high of $425, adding over $175 billion in market cap, to $1.84 trillion. Apple gained the equivalent of 87% of Intel's value in a single day.
It's possible that if what's expected as the "iPhone 12" proves a blockbuster, and the mega-hits keep coming, Apple could generate the huge earnings gains needed to keep its share price growing briskly. But at this heady valuation, if it doesn't get there, folks buying its shares today are in for a rough ride. Put simply, the good Q3 results are far from strong evidence that Apple is embarking on a durable phase of much faster growth.
That's because over longer periods, Apple has achieved only minimal yearly gains in sales and profits, casting doubt on whether it can suddenly reinvent itself as a sprinter. And that includes the last twelve months. For investors, the rub is that most of the gigantic spike in Apple's price that started in mid-2019 wasn't driven by a rise in profits, but by a leap in what folks and funds are paying for each dollar of those shares––in other words, an explosion in its P/E multiple that's arguably made this one-time bargain exorbitantly expensive.
To understand how Apple went from a terrific buy to a high-priced gamble, it's instructive to see how its earnings and share price have evolved over the past half-decade for the four-quarters ending in June. By using that timeframe, we can compare Apple's annualized performance for the 12 month period that just ended, with how it fared for the full year, June-to-June spans from 2015 to 2019. As we'll see, the fundamentals and the stock plodded in tandem for years, until the valuation took a moonshot.
In the year ended June of 2015, Apple posted GAAP net profits of $50.8 billion, and EPS of $8.66. At $125 a share, Apple was selling at a P/E of 14.6, and its dividend yield was 1.7%. Those metrics screamed "buy!" Why? Because Apple's great advantage is that while its earnings historically only grow a bit faster than inflation, it returns over 100% of those profits to shareholders, mainly in the form of repurchases. So in 2015, because its P/E was so low, each dollar Apple spent on buybacks went a long way, raising EPS by 6.8 cents, or 6.8%. Add the 1.7% dividend, and assume 2% earnings growth, and your total return would be 10.5%. And that's projecting that the P/E remained at the same modest sub-15. Adding a couple of points to that lowly multiple would send returns even higher.
A year later, in June of 2017, Apple was even cheaper. Its P/E had dropped to 11. But in the periods ended in mid-2017, 2018, and 2019, the multiples were all in the still bargain 16.4 to 16.9 range, with dividend yields of 1.6% to 1.7%, meaning that even if Apple barely grew, you'd pocket 10% yearly returns.
The seismic shift started in mid-2019. From June of last year to July 30 of 2020, Apple's share price bolted from $198 to $425, a rise of 115%. That brings the increase from June of 2015 to 240%. What should concern investors is that EPS over those five years rose less than one-fourth as fast, by 52% from $8.66 to $13.17. Hence, the overriding driver of the almost three-and-a-half times rise in Apple's price in the past half-decade wasn't advancing profits, but a more than doubling of its P/E from 14.6 to its current 32.3.
In fact, total profits from mid-2015 to Q3 of this year increased only 2.1% a year, from $50.8 to $55.3 billion. Most of the improvement in EPS came from the biggest series of share buybacks in corporate history. Over our five year period, Apple spent a staggering $337 billion on repurchases. That campaign lowered its float from 5.73 billion to the current 4.35 billion shares, a drop that accounts for over 60% of the rise in EPS over that period.
For all the excitement over the new Q3 report, Apple's total profits were actually flat over the trailing four quarters, easing a touch from $55.7 to $55.3 billion. Apple's 12% gain in EPS came exclusively from more gigantic buybacks. Profits were a slight headwind. The increase in revenues, when measured over the longer stretch of four quarters, registered 5.8%, a lot less impressive than much-praised 11% for Q3 alone.
Apple's outlook
Let's examine the gains investors can expect from here versus the outlook in mid-2015, assuming that Apple's earning follow their longstanding trend of matching inflation. At today's 32.3 P/E, each dollar spent on buybacks returns 3.1 cents or 3.1%, less than half the 6.8% five years ago. The dividend yield has shrunk from 1.7% to .77%. Using those parameters, the total return investors can anticipate going forward is 5.9% (3.1% from repurchases, .77% from dividends, plus profit growth of 2%). You're likely to garner returns that are 40% lower now that Apple's priced as a "growth stock" versus its days as a value play.
You'll only pocket that just under 6% return, however, if Apple's multiple remains at today's 32.3 P/E, which is 90% higher than the P/E of under 17 awarded as recently as mid-2019. Five years ago, investors braved little risk that Apple's multiple would shrink, simply because it was so low, and harbored pretty good prospects it would rise. Indeed, that's what happened, on steroids. Today, investors are facing a new danger: That Apple won't nearly generate the double-digit profit growth its fans are counting on, and once that's clear, that the P/E craters back into value territory. The falling premium would overwhelm the gains in EPS coming mostly from buybacks, and the shares would plunge.
Apple is a great company, and will remain so. And it was a great buy until a year ago. We don't know how Apple will perform going forward, but the momentum that's driven its share price skyward dictates what it has to do in the form of achieving far more challenging feats, for investors to make money.
In their enthusiasm, the believers have simply set the bar too high for even this champion to reward them.