哪些因素會讓人們愛上自己的工作？在就業(yè)市場中，最佳人才的桌上也許已經(jīng)擺滿了來自競爭對手的入職邀請，所以弄明白這個問題已經(jīng)變得越發(fā)迫切。當(dāng)然，工資很重要，但在幾座上班族工作滿意度最高的城市，一些無形條件同樣發(fā)揮著作用。其中包括有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作、獨(dú)立工作的自由（事無巨細(xì)都要過問的管理者要注意了），以及鼓勵團(tuán)隊(duì)成員提出想法并為其長期職業(yè)目標(biāo)提供支持的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。

這就是就業(yè)網(wǎng)站kununu（www.kununu.com）對其數(shù)據(jù)庫中87000多名打工族的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行深入分析后得出的結(jié)論。聚焦于美國50座大都市的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，得分最高的是下列10座城市：

1. 邁阿密，佛羅里達(dá)州

2. 洛杉磯，加利福尼亞州

3. 羅利，北卡羅來納州

4. 路易斯維爾，肯塔基州

5. 奧馬哈，內(nèi)布拉斯加州

6. 圣何塞，加利福尼亞州

7. 薩克拉門托，加利福尼亞州

8. 俄克拉荷馬城，俄克拉荷馬州

9. 西雅圖，華盛頓州

10. 弗雷斯諾，加利福尼亞州

值得注意的是，得分最高的兩座城市在一定程度上是因?yàn)楣ぷ饕酝獾恼w生活質(zhì)量，包括用人單位無法輕易復(fù)制的東西，比如當(dāng)?shù)亟^妙的海灘和充足的日照。而且公司通常也不怎么能，或者說根本無法控制生活成本。但在上述10座城市中，多數(shù)城市（如羅利和奧馬哈）的工作滿意度在一定程度上看來都和唾手可得的平價住房有關(guān)，這極大地減輕了當(dāng)?shù)厝说慕?jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。高的離譜的生活成本是紐約市在kununu的50座城市排名中穩(wěn)居末尾的原因之一。

盡管如此，kununu的一位董事約翰尼斯·普魯勒卻認(rèn)為和在好上司手下干活相比，上述因素都顯得微不足道。他說：“我們都知道，人們進(jìn)的是公司，離開則是因?yàn)樗麄兊纳纤??！币虼?，想把最棒的、最聰明的人聚攏在自己周圍的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者需要“創(chuàng)造一種下屬可以茁壯成長的支持性環(huán)境”。在kununu的50座城市榜單中，排名最低的10座城市中的“上班族在我們稱為‘領(lǐng)導(dǎo)支持’方面給的分?jǐn)?shù)都不高”。

這就意味著要找時間來指導(dǎo)下屬，和他們探討績效目標(biāo)并及時提供具體而有用的反饋，所有這些在普魯勒看來“都影響著員工對自身發(fā)展機(jī)遇的看法”。

了解了這一點(diǎn)后，下面讓我們來看看得分最低的10座城市：

41. 夏洛特，北卡羅來納州

42. 阿爾伯克基，新墨西哥州

43. 密爾沃基，威斯康星州

44. 科羅拉多斯普林斯，科羅拉多州

45. 埃爾帕索，得克薩斯州

46. 達(dá)拉斯，得克薩斯州

47. 休斯頓，得克薩斯州

48. 孟菲斯，得克薩斯州

49. 奧克蘭，加利福尼亞州

50. 紐約市，紐約州

有一個令人鼓舞的情況：kununu發(fā)現(xiàn)美國上班族對其工作的整體感覺看來多少要好于一年前。這在一定程度上是因?yàn)槿藗兏毡榈刂匾晥F(tuán)隊(duì)和協(xié)作。2018年年底，表示自己的“快樂得分達(dá)到平均水平”的人數(shù)比2017年多了12.3%。（財富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：Charile

審校：夏林

What makes people love their jobs? It’s an increasingly urgent question in this job market, where your best talent may be besieged with rival offers. Sure, money matters but, in the cities where employees report the highest levels of job satisfaction, a few intangibles count, too. Among those are challenging work, freedom to work independently (micromanagers, take note), and leaders who encourage ideas from team members and lend support to their long-term career goals.

That’s what job site kununu concluded from a deep dive into its database of more than 87,000 employee reviews. Zeroing in on the 50 biggest metropolitan areas in the U.S., the researchers found that employers in these 10 cities earned the highest scores:

1. Miami, Fla.

2. Los Angeles, Calif.

3. Raleigh, N.C.

4. Louisville, Ky.

5. Omaha, Neb.

6. San Jose, Calif.

7. Sacramento, Calif.

8. Oklahoma City, Okla.

9. Seattle, Wash.

10. Fresno, Calif.

It’s worth noting that the top two towns got high marks, in part, for the overall quality of life outside of work, including things employers elsewhere can’t easily replicate, like great local beaches and plenty of sunshine. Nor do companies usually have much, if any, control over the cost of living. But job satisfaction in most of the Top Ten (Raleigh and Omaha, for instance) seems linked to some degree with the ready availability of affordable housing, which takes a load of financial pressure off the folks who live and work there. The stratospheric cost of living is one reason New York City came in dead last on kununu’s list of 50.

Even so, Johannes Prüller, a kununu director, believes those factors are far less essential to employee happiness than working for the right boss. “We all know that people join organizations but quit their managers,” he says. So leaders who hope their best and brightest will stick around need to “create a supportive environment where people can thrive.” The 10 lowest-ranked cities among kununu’s list of 50 “all lack decent employee ratings in a category we call ‘leadership support’.”

That means finding the time to coach subordinates, discussing their performance goals and giving specific, useful feedback in real time, all of which Prüller says “affects how employees view their opportunities for advancement.”

With that in mind, here are the 10 cities with the lowest scores:

41. Charlotte, N.C.

42. Albuquerque, N.M.

43. Milwaukee, Wis.

44. Colorado Springs, Co.

45. El Paso, Tex.

46. Dallas, Tex.

47. Houston, Tex.

48. Memphis, Tn.

49. Oakland, Calif.

50. New York, N.Y.

One encouraging note: kununu found that U.S. employees overall apparently feel somewhat better about their jobs than they did a year ago. Partly because of a more widespread emphasis on teamwork and collaboration, people in late 2018 reported “average happiness scores” that beat 2017’s numbers by 12.3%.