????雖然數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品的山寨市場規(guī)模很龐大，但還是比不上進入美國的山寨服飾。在2012年美國查獲的所有山寨商品中，服飾所占的比重達到29%，電子產(chǎn)品只占15%。福德漢姆大學（Fordham University）時尚法律與知識產(chǎn)權教授蘇珊?斯卡菲迪指出，山寨服飾的比重之所以超過山寨數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品，原因很簡單：“仿造一款手機需要的技術仍然比仿造一個手提包復雜?！?/p>

????有的山寨產(chǎn)品是在合法工廠里生產(chǎn)的，他們用“三班倒”的模式大量生產(chǎn)，然后等到合法產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)完之后，就趁沒人的時候把山寨產(chǎn)品從后門運走。也有些山寨產(chǎn)品純粹是在與原產(chǎn)品沒有任何關系的地下工廠里生產(chǎn)的。而且如今的消費者也越來越好騙了，其中一個原因就是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)更容易使這些產(chǎn)品看起來像合法產(chǎn)品，而不是地攤貨。另一個原因就是山寨產(chǎn)品的確很難分辨。

????斯卡菲迪說：“服裝公司和數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品企業(yè)要采取的措施差不多?！彼岬搅松虡说闹匾裕瑫r表示在向工廠下單的時候一定要非常小心，另外還要教會海關人員如何識別山寨貨。

????雖然各大品牌和政府機構為打擊山寨使盡了渾身解數(shù)，但是消滅山寨就像要殺死一條九頭蛇一樣困難。奧克利眼鏡公司（Oakley）品牌保護副總裁艾德里安?龐得森表示，服裝飾品行業(yè)的第一道防線就是從源頭上打擊山寨廠商。他認為一旦山寨產(chǎn)品進入“商業(yè)流”，要打擊它就要多花100倍的時間。他表示，去年奧克利公司和中國政府基本上每天都要突襲一家山寨工廠，但是現(xiàn)在無論在哪個大洲，奧克利公司每天照樣還會查獲大量中國造的山寨眼鏡。

????龐得森說：“他們的運作方式跟販毒網(wǎng)絡差不多。”廠商會把產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)分散到好幾個工廠，所以如果其中一家被抓了，其他工廠仍然平安無事。一旦產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)好了，就會立即出貨。同時龐得森認為，貿(mào)易批發(fā)商們也愿意承擔儲存和運輸這些貨物的風險，所以他們也會獲得不菲的收益。

????山寨產(chǎn)品的運輸網(wǎng)絡已經(jīng)擴展到了全世界。龐德森表示，奧克利公司的調(diào)查人員曾經(jīng)在墨西哥南部城市阿卡普爾科見過10到15個山寨奧克利眼鏡。他們順藤摸瓜，追查到了巴拿馬的一家委內(nèi)瑞拉籍和一家哥倫比亞籍的借殼公司，這些借殼公司最遠會把貨運到墨西哥和委內(nèi)瑞拉。

????龐德森還指出，要想打擊仿冒Beats耳機和奧克利眼鏡的山寨產(chǎn)品還需要不菲的人力成本。他說：“世界上任何一個政府都不可能允許一家合法工廠那樣運營，也不會允許工人在那樣的條件下工作——那真是非?？膳?。”(財富中文網(wǎng))

????譯者：樸成奎??

????Despite the scale of the problem, there still seem to be fewer fake electronics than fake clothes and accessories reaching the U.S. Apparel and handbags represented 29% of all items seized in 2012 while 15% were electronics. Susan Scafidi, a professor in fashion law and intellectual property at Fordham University, says that the quantity of seized fashion goods still outstrips electronics for a simple reason: "It still takes more skill to craft a cellphone than to craft a handbag," says Scafidi.

????Knock-offs tend to be made in either a registered factory that makes them on the "third shift" after the legitimate product is made, shipping the counterfeits out the back door when no one is looking. Or then there's the purely clandestine factory that has no relation to the original product. Customers these days are also more easily duped, partly because the Internet gives items legitimacy more easily than a sale on a street corner would, and partly because they're harder to detect.

????"The measures that an apparel company has to take and an electronics company has to take are very similar," says Scafidi. She mentions the importance of trademarks, being careful when drawing up agreements with factories, and educating customs officials to spot fakes.

????Despite the best efforts of brands and officials, catching counterfeits is like slaying a hydra. Adrian Punderson, Vice President of Oakley Brand Protection says the apparel and accessories company's first line of defense is to attack production facilities. He estimates that once fakes get into the "stream of commerce" it costs approximately 100 times more to stop being sold. Yet Punderson says that during 2012, Oakley and Chinese officials raided a clandestine factory almost every other day. Despite that, the company is still making large seizures of counterfeit sunglasses from China, in locations on every continent.

????"They operate pretty much like you would see in a narcotics network," says Punderson. He says that manufacturers spread production between several factories, so if one gets raided the rest of the stash will still be intact. Once the goods are ready, they're immediately moved out. According to him, wholesalers are now the ones willing to take the risk of storing goods and moving them around, so they also have a larger share of the reward and the power.

????The network itself stretches across the world. Punderson describes how an Oakley investigator saw 10-15 pairs of counterfeit sunglasses in Acapulco, Mexico. They traced them back to a Venezuelan and a Columbian front company in Panama, which were shipping goods as far as Mexico and Venezuela.

????As always, there's a human cost to getting fake Beats headphones and Oakley Sunglasses at rock bottom prices. Says Punderson, "There's no way that any government in the world would allow a legitimate factory to operate that way -- in the conditions these people work in -- it's pretty frightening."??