????看過電影《社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)》（The Social Network）的人應(yīng)該還記得這樣一個場景：溫克吾斯兄弟的網(wǎng)站創(chuàng)意被馬克?扎克伯格偷走了，因此兄弟二人跑到時任哈佛校長的拉里?薩默斯那里告狀。上周薩默斯本人出席了《財富》科技頭腦風(fēng)暴大會（Fortune's Brainstorm Tech conference）。當(dāng)被問到電影里的這個場景時，薩默斯坦率地評價了溫克吾斯兄弟。他的發(fā)言引起了不小的轟動。另一方面，隨著華盛頓的債務(wù)談判走向破裂，薩默斯認(rèn)為另一輪金融浩劫正在隱隱逼近，因此他也就這個問題發(fā)表了看法。

????在本次峰會上采訪薩默斯的，是阿斯彭研究會（Aspen Institute）的沃特?艾薩克森。這次采訪所涉及的話題甚廣。薩默斯上個月剛剛加盟了風(fēng)投機構(gòu)安德里森霍洛維茨基金（Andreessen Horowitz），受聘為該公司的特別顧問。薩默斯在采訪中透露，克林頓和奧巴馬的管理風(fēng)格迥然不同。

????以下是這次采訪的摘錄：

????薩默斯：為克林頓工作的時候是一個樣子，為奧巴馬做事又是另一個樣子。如果說有一個會議原定于10點召開，那么有25%的可能性這個會議會在10點前開始，還有70%的可能性是在10點15分開始。

????如果你在開會前給奧巴馬寫了份備忘錄，他基本上一定會看。不過如果你試圖在會上解釋你給他寫的那份備忘錄，他就會打斷你，而且會生氣。他作為這個會議的主導(dǎo)者，可能會問一兩個補充性的問題，但是基本上他的重點還是在于，會議所討論的議題究竟如何才能符合他在總統(tǒng)任期內(nèi)的愿景和路線。

????如果你是他的金融顧問的話，他基本上會聽取你的態(tài)度。比如說如果政府要進行緊急救助的話，優(yōu)先股和次級債哪個才是合適的金融工具，要靠你給他指出來。如果你辦不到，或者如果他不信任你，他就會找一個新的金融顧問。不過他不會在這個問題上花時間。

????所以說奧巴馬的風(fēng)格就是在執(zhí)行上非常專注，注重宏觀指導(dǎo)，做事方法很有原則。到了指定的時間，他的秘書就會進來，遞給他一張卡片，上面寫著“下一次會議的時間到了”。這樣的話，五分鐘之內(nèi)你就得離開他的辦公室。這是毫無疑問的。為奧巴馬工作就是這樣，是一段很愉快的經(jīng)驗。

????為比爾?克林頓工作同樣是一種美妙的經(jīng)驗。不過感覺全然不同。

????如果會議定在10點，那么在10點之前開會的可能性為零。

????好在如果會議的開始時間推遲了，那么它結(jié)束的時間肯定也會推遲。如果你給克林頓寫了一份備忘錄，那么他有30%的可能性會看。不過，克林頓幾乎肯定會就你匯報的話題提出一些非常具體、而且是深思熟慮的見解。

????他會說一些話，比如：“我在白宮圖書館讀了一期《金融雜志》，里面有一些想法非常有意思，說的是股息在金融體系的角色?！被蚴恰拔?1年前參加過布魯金斯學(xué)會（Brookings Institution）的一次會議，你知道嗎，他們在田納西州做了一次很有趣的提供信貸的試驗?！?/p>

????“你讀了最新一期的《經(jīng)濟學(xué)家》（the Economist）亞洲版嗎？它對泰國問題發(fā)表了觀點，你可能會有興趣思考一下文中的看法。”這些話讓人很驚訝，可見他雖然沒有看你的備忘錄，但并不表示他沒有做任何功課。

????所以說在克林頓手下做事的感覺很不一樣，也很奇特。我覺得美國能有這樣兩位深思熟慮、目的明確、非常聰明、非常專注的總統(tǒng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國家，實在是國家的幸事。雖然他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式不同，但是能為他們二人工作，也是我個人的幸事。

????譯者：樸成奎

????Larry Summers made waves at Fortune's Brainstorm Tech conference last week with his candid comments about the Winklevoss twins when asked about his scene in the movie The Social Network. The Harvard professor also talked about how he sees a sort of Financial Armageddon on the horizon as the debt talks break down in Washington.

????During his wide-ranging interview with the Aspen Institute's Walter Isaacson, Summers, who joined the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz as special adviser last month, revealed stark differences in management styles between Presidents Clinton and Obama.

????Here is an excerpt from the interview:

????Summers: Okay. So you're working for Bill Clinton. Well, let's do it differently. Let's do it the other way. You're working for Barack Obama. If you have a meeting scheduled at ten o'clock, there's a 25% chance that the meeting will begin before ten o'clock, and there's a -- you know what's coming, and there's a 70% chance that the meeting will have begun by 10:15.

????If you wrote Barack Obama a memo before the meeting, it is a virtual certainty that he will have read it. If you seek to explain the memo you wrote to him during the meeting, he will cut you off, and he will be irritated. He, as the leader of the meeting, will ask one or two questions to kick the tires, but will basically focus on how whatever subject you're talking about fits with the broad vision and approaches of his presidency.

????He will basically take the attitude if you're his financial adviser, that if you can't -- it's up to you to figure out whether preferred stock or subordinated debt is the appropriate financial instrument for your bailout, and that if he doesn't trust you to figure it out, he'll get a new financial adviser, but that is not the question on which he is going to spend time.

????So it's a very focused executive, big picture guidance, disciplined approach. At the appointed time, his secretary will come in and will bring a card that says it's time for his next meeting, and you will be out of that office within five minutes. It is a certainty. That's working for Barack Obama, and it is a wonderful experience.

????Working for Bill Clinton is also a wonderful experience. It is a different experience.

????The probability that your meeting will begin before ten o'clock is zero.

????The probability that there is compensation for the fact that your meeting will begin late, it is virtually certain to end late. Bill Clinton has a 30% chance of having read your memo before the meeting. Bill Clinton will, however, with near certainty, have some set of quite detailed and thoughtful perspectives to offer on your topic.

????He will say things like "I was in the White House library reading the Journal of Finance, and there's some really interesting thinking about the role of dividends in the system." "I went to a conference at the Brookings Institution 11 years ago, and do you know that there's a really interesting experiment with providing credit access in Tennessee?"

????"Did you read the latest issue of -- the Asian edition of The Economist? It had a perspective on Thailand that you might want to think about." There was a stunning, I mean you know, while he wasn't reading your memo, it wasn't that he wasn't doing anything about it.

????So it was a very different kind of experience that was also extraordinary in its way. I think the nation has been fortunate to have two such thoughtful, purposeful, highly intelligent and focused people, who have served as President, and it's certainly been my good fortune to work for both of them, with their rather different styles.