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免費(fèi)+增值服務(wù):企業(yè)軟件滲透新模式

免費(fèi)+增值服務(wù):企業(yè)軟件滲透新模式

Ping Li 2011年06月21日
且看這種新的盈利模式將如何推動(dòng)新一輪的企業(yè)軟件發(fā)展浪潮?

????各個(gè)公司負(fù)責(zé)搜索和下載可提升公司生產(chǎn)率的企業(yè)軟件的人通常都是公司的某一個(gè)員工。他/她可能是一個(gè)內(nèi)部會(huì)計(jì),可能是一個(gè)營銷助理,也可能是后勤人力資源部的一個(gè)員工。企業(yè)軟件開發(fā)人員的要?jiǎng)?wù)是如何吸引這些人。

????傳統(tǒng)的企業(yè)軟件往往迎合高層管理者,而不是真正使用軟件的員工。如今這種模式已經(jīng)發(fā)生了改變,企業(yè)軟件提供商必須了解這些新的目標(biāo)受眾接納新技術(shù)的方式——自我授權(quán)、價(jià)值驅(qū)動(dòng)、“自助式”和社交性。這些員工同時(shí)也是消費(fèi)者,他們已習(xí)慣于簡單易用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)和移動(dòng)應(yīng)用軟件及服務(wù),如Facebook、憤怒的小鳥(Angry Birds)和iTunes。

????爭取這些員工消費(fèi)者正是開發(fā)應(yīng)用企業(yè)軟件的新戰(zhàn)略。根據(jù)企業(yè)員工作為消費(fèi)者在網(wǎng)上尋找喜愛的音樂、游戲和應(yīng)用軟件時(shí)的行為特點(diǎn),軟件供應(yīng)商可推動(dòng)企業(yè)軟件在一線的應(yīng)用。

????伴隨著云計(jì)算和可下載應(yīng)用軟件的出現(xiàn),開發(fā)人員可以在產(chǎn)品中植入更多的病毒鉤子,提供一系列有時(shí)稍顯瑣碎的產(chǎn)品功能,最終演變成一個(gè)平臺(tái)。每項(xiàng)細(xì)小的產(chǎn)品功能都能迅速帶來較高的價(jià)值,驅(qū)使用戶進(jìn)一步使用這個(gè)軟件平臺(tái)。從很多方面看,這和玩Zynga社交游戲大同小異,每個(gè)小小的操作都會(huì)讓人更加沉迷其中,在不知不覺間就花費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間和金錢。

????聰明的軟件生產(chǎn)商會(huì)利用社交和職業(yè)社交網(wǎng)站,瞄準(zhǔn)相應(yīng)的員工消費(fèi)者。就像安全軟件生產(chǎn)商AVG會(huì)瞄準(zhǔn)一家之中的科技達(dá)人,期待他/她會(huì)在親戚的電腦上安裝其殺毒軟件,而企業(yè)軟件開發(fā)人員則期待合適的用戶會(huì)在其社交和職業(yè)圈子里對(duì)實(shí)用的應(yīng)用軟件大加贊賞。

????隨后的挑戰(zhàn)則是如何通過先行使用這些軟件的人帶動(dòng)企業(yè)為軟件掏錢。企業(yè)軟件提供商只能通過適當(dāng)犧牲價(jià)格的方式,換取更快的銷售速度和更大的銷售量。下面這幾家公司(包括Accel投資的兩家公司)在執(zhí)行“免費(fèi)+增值服務(wù)”(freemium)策略方面可圈可點(diǎn),可供后來者學(xué)習(xí):

????? SurveyMonkey (根據(jù)不同功能組合,采用分級(jí)定價(jià))在以優(yōu)質(zhì)的基本款軟件吸引企業(yè)用戶方面一直很成功——讓步僅限于留住用戶,直到入門版軟件已不能滿足其需求。

????? Solarwinds的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施管理軟件采用“免費(fèi)軟件”模式,有些產(chǎn)品一直免費(fèi)以吸引廣大用戶,其他產(chǎn)品則采用付費(fèi)模式或免費(fèi)試用期模式,讓用戶體驗(yàn)部分基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的完整功能。最終用戶轉(zhuǎn)換的價(jià)格也足夠低廉,確??梢暂p松通過部門預(yù)算的取樣測試。

????? Dropbox的“付費(fèi)消費(fèi)”模式與用戶的使用周期完美互補(bǔ)。用戶到達(dá)存儲(chǔ)上限后,就會(huì)逐步進(jìn)行自然轉(zhuǎn)換。

????? Yammer可能是最好的基層銷售模式,它通過免費(fèi)提供在員工層面達(dá)到規(guī)?;?,一旦員工用戶的數(shù)量達(dá)到一定水平,即可要求企業(yè)按座付費(fèi),以進(jìn)一步獲得管理協(xié)調(diào)權(quán)限。雖然有些人可能會(huì)稱之為“逼迫管理層就范”,我認(rèn)為這是聰明之舉。

????? Atlassian已找到一種向軟件開發(fā)業(yè)界進(jìn)行病毒性滲透的方式,即提供輕巧的可下載工具,最終由開發(fā)人員統(tǒng)一運(yùn)用。支持開發(fā)人員自治的企業(yè)管理層采納了員工選擇的工具,使得Atlassian在企業(yè)內(nèi)的進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)張獲得了預(yù)算層面的支持。

????看好這一市場的軟件供應(yīng)商們應(yīng)該了解在產(chǎn)品基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、營銷和盈利方面取得的這些成功,而支撐這三方面成功的一個(gè)基石就是簡單。

????當(dāng)然,并非所有的企業(yè)軟件都適合這種商業(yè)模式,不適合這種模式的企業(yè)軟件產(chǎn)品也能取得成功——但它們也能從這些模式和日益崛起的員工消費(fèi)者群體身上汲取經(jīng)驗(yàn)。如今頭腦精明、長于利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)尋求解決方案的人要求應(yīng)用軟件兼具功能和成本效率。就是這么簡單。

????Ping Li (@ping_accel)是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資公司Accel Partners常駐硅谷的合伙人。Accel Partners的投資包括《憤怒的小鳥》(Angry Birds)、Atlassian、Facebook和Dropbox。

????

????It usually is an individual employee who finds and downloads the enterprise software that boosts his or her company's productivity curve. It could be a staff accountant. It could be a marketing assistant. It could be a back-office HR person. The trick for enterprise software developers is hooking them.

????Conventional enterprise software was known for catering to top-level managers, rather than to the workers who actually use it. Now that the paradigm has shifted, enterprise vendors must remember how their new target audience adopts technology -- self-empowered, value-driven, "do-it-yourself" and social. These are "consumer-workers," and they're used to slick, easy-to-use web and mobile applications and services like Facebook, Angry Birds and iTunes.

????Intersecting the consumer-worker is the new strategy for the discovery and implementation of enterprise software. By targeting the behaviors workers have developed as consumers to find their favorite music, games and apps online, vendors can achieve grassroots adoption.

????With cloud computing and downloadable applications, developers can build more viral hooks into the product and push out a series of sometimes-trivial product features that ultimately evolve into a platform over time. Each bite-sized product feature delivers high and immediate value that drives deeper engagement and usage on the software platform. In many ways, it's not too different than playing a Zynga social game where each little action sucks you in more and before you know it, you have spent many hours and dollars.

????Smart software vendors will take advantage of social and professional networking sites to target suitable consumer-workers. Much like security software maker AVG would target the tech-head in a family and anticipate him or her installing its antivirus product on relatives' machines, enterprise developers can expect the right user to extol a useful application across their social and professional graphs.

????Then the challenge is finding a way to get businesses to put money behind these early adopters. Monetization schemes must reconcile lower price points with a higher velocity, higher-volume sales agenda. A few companies (including a couple Accel portfolio companies) are notable in their execution of "freemium" strategies and can serve as good models for new entrants:

????????SurveyMonkey (tiered pricing based on feature set) have excelled at baiting businesses with quality, baseline feature sets – giving away "just enough" to keep a user on the platform till they're able to outgrow the entry version.

?????????Solarwinds' infrastructure management software embraces a "freeware" model where certain products are always free to attract many users while other products are offered for as paid or a free trial period with access to full functionality for a limited portion of your infrastructure, while ultimately converting users at a low enough price point that easily passes the sniff test of departmental budgets.

?????????Dropbox's "pay-for-consumption" model perfectly complements the lifecycle of its users, who eventually reach a natural conversion point upon reaching their storage limits.

?????????Yammer, perhaps best invokes a grassroots sales model, encouraging critical mass at the employee level (offering it for free), thereby forcing businesses to pay per seat for an additional management and compliance layer once enough of their employees are being hosted. While some may call this "forcing management's hand," I elect to call it smart.

??????????Atlassian has found a way to virally penetrate the developer landscape, offering lightweight, downloadable tools that developers end up deploying en masse. Eager to support developer autonomy, managers adopt their employees' tools of choice, giving Atlassian budget-level support for expanding within the organization.

????Software vendors looking to this lucrative market should understand these existing successes in product architecture, marketing and monetization. The one tenet seemingly underscoring all three is simplicity.

????Of course, not all enterprise software products fit this business model, and those that don't can still be successful – but they, too, can learn from these models and from the rising consumer-worker. Today's sophisticated, web-enabled solution-seeker demands the functionality and cost-effectiveness of their off-the-clock applications. It's as simple as that.

????Ping Li (@ping_accel) is a Silicon Valley-based partner with Accel Partners, a venture capital firm whose investments include Angry Birds, Atlassian, Facebook and Dropbox.

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