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X世代本應(yīng)是經(jīng)濟(jì)安全后盾,現(xiàn)在卻成了“苦苦掙扎的中間層”

ELEANOR PRINGLE
2024-10-15

X世代面臨著艱難的平衡:既追求獨(dú)立財(cái)務(wù)又要支持子女。

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圖片來源:ROB DOBI - GETTY IMAGES

X世代本應(yīng)是可靠的消費(fèi)者,他們手握穩(wěn)定的財(cái)富,還將從嬰兒潮一代和沉默一代父母繼承數(shù)萬億美元。

事實(shí)上,正是這一代人的消費(fèi)支撐著經(jīng)濟(jì),即便是華爾街經(jīng)驗(yàn)最豐富的投資人都會(huì)驚訝于X世代消費(fèi)習(xí)慣的韌性。

但情況正在改變。

一邊要為未來十年退休做準(zhǔn)備,一邊面臨繼續(xù)支持子女的挑戰(zhàn),他們的消費(fèi)觀念也在改變。

不管是老齡化還是經(jīng)濟(jì)上支持后代,兩種情況都會(huì)促使儲(chǔ)蓄。這意味著,熱愛刷卡消費(fèi)的一代人現(xiàn)在更注重投資。

專家表示,這一趨勢對經(jīng)濟(jì)來說并不是壞事,但確實(shí)標(biāo)志著與常規(guī)背離。

掙扎的中間層

美國銀行研究所(Bank of America Institute)上周發(fā)布的研究顯示,與其他幾代人相比,X世代客戶消費(fèi)“格外疲軟”,分析師不禁提出疑問,是否這代人成了經(jīng)濟(jì)中“苦苦掙扎的中間層”。

與兩年前相比,X世代的行為發(fā)生了明顯轉(zhuǎn)變,當(dāng)時(shí)美國經(jīng)濟(jì)分析局(U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis)發(fā)現(xiàn),X世代在當(dāng)年支出中占比最高。

美國銀行研究所的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家喬·瓦德福德寫道:“X世代由于人數(shù)相對較少經(jīng)常被忽視。然而,他們在美國經(jīng)濟(jì)中作用舉足輕重?!?/p>

他指出,2022年美國27%的家庭由X世代主導(dǎo),占消費(fèi)支出的比例卻達(dá)33%。

現(xiàn)在這代人正捂緊錢包,2023年初以來購物一直減少。8月,X世代消費(fèi)同比下降了2%。

瓦德福德指出,這一轉(zhuǎn)變并不是壞消息,除非公司業(yè)務(wù)嚴(yán)重依賴X世代的自由支出。

“我們發(fā)現(xiàn),這代人的自由支出尤其放緩或推遲,”本周,他接受《財(cái)富》視頻采訪時(shí)表示。

“為什么會(huì)這樣?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)不一定是支出或生活成本問題,因?yàn)樗麄兊钠骄剿銐虻窒畛杀旧蠞q,”他說,“他們只是在投資,而且投資很多。所以推遲了一些支出?!?/p>

他進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充道,理由很清楚:“X世代的錢如何分配?在我們看來,可能投向兩個(gè)方面:1)為退休做準(zhǔn)備而投資,2)支持依賴性越來越強(qiáng)的年輕人。”

樂觀的跡象

瓦德福德補(bǔ)充道,事實(shí)上,X世代決心退休后實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立,總體投資比其他世代多40%。對其他幾代人來說不僅“鼓舞人心”,也是“好兆頭”。

他解釋說:“考慮退休時(shí),這是我對未來前景最重要的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

“如果我為退休大筆投資,就意味著我認(rèn)為10年后有可能順利退休?,F(xiàn)在投資是對未來充滿希望的最重要跡象。

“這絕對是值得學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣,”他補(bǔ)充道。

調(diào)整重點(diǎn)

菲爾·勒克萊爾是美國銀行(Bank of America)所指X世代消費(fèi)者的典型代表。這位53歲的父親有四個(gè)孩子,在馬薩諸塞州經(jīng)營著自己的公關(guān)公司。

勒克萊爾的孩子年齡從兩歲半到22歲,意味著他在規(guī)劃財(cái)務(wù)時(shí)既要考慮支持大學(xué)畢業(yè)的兒子,也要考慮蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子。

與其他X世代不同,勒克萊爾并沒有固定的退休年齡。如果孩子需要經(jīng)濟(jì)支持,他只會(huì)更努力地工作。

不過勒克萊爾表示,近年來他的支出方式有些變化。

由于在墨西哥辦婚禮,又去希臘度蜜月,今年夏天勒克萊爾花費(fèi)巨大。他表示現(xiàn)在首要任務(wù)是平衡支出和儲(chǔ)蓄。

“現(xiàn)在我對存了多少花掉多少都一清二楚,”勒克萊爾告訴《財(cái)富》雜志。

“我不是容易被金錢或經(jīng)濟(jì)利益誘惑的人。但隨著年齡增長,我的雙親已逝,去年父親剛?cè)ナ?。這些事都會(huì)極大改變?nèi)说纳烙^以及對身后事的看法,”他解釋說。

“我喜歡花錢,在我看來所愛之人能擁有想要的東西很重要,但在人生這一階段,我會(huì)更關(guān)注投資什么,有沒有用錢賺更多錢?”

過去六年勒克萊爾一直自己當(dāng)老板,所以能根據(jù)需要靈活管理客戶數(shù)量。他現(xiàn)在的年收入超過了20萬美元。

盡管收入不菲,但勒克萊爾有意不把錢浪費(fèi)在物質(zhì)消耗品上。

“我不會(huì)亂花錢,現(xiàn)在我更注重身心健康,”勒克萊爾解釋說,“舉個(gè)例子,本周我要去佛羅里達(dá)州小住幾天,讓自己放松下。

“年輕的時(shí)候我從未真正想過這些事。不管是工作還是家庭,一直都是往前沖。”

他補(bǔ)充說:“現(xiàn)在如果花錢,我愿意花在自己或家人能享受的體驗(yàn)上。隨著年齡增長……這些事對我來說很重要。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:梁宇

審校:夏林

X世代本應(yīng)是可靠的消費(fèi)者,他們手握穩(wěn)定的財(cái)富,還將從嬰兒潮一代和沉默一代父母繼承數(shù)萬億美元。

事實(shí)上,正是這一代人的消費(fèi)支撐著經(jīng)濟(jì),即便是華爾街經(jīng)驗(yàn)最豐富的投資人都會(huì)驚訝于X世代消費(fèi)習(xí)慣的韌性。

但情況正在改變。

一邊要為未來十年退休做準(zhǔn)備,一邊面臨繼續(xù)支持子女的挑戰(zhàn),他們的消費(fèi)觀念也在改變。

不管是老齡化還是經(jīng)濟(jì)上支持后代,兩種情況都會(huì)促使儲(chǔ)蓄。這意味著,熱愛刷卡消費(fèi)的一代人現(xiàn)在更注重投資。

專家表示,這一趨勢對經(jīng)濟(jì)來說并不是壞事,但確實(shí)標(biāo)志著與常規(guī)背離。

掙扎的中間層

美國銀行研究所(Bank of America Institute)上周發(fā)布的研究顯示,與其他幾代人相比,X世代客戶消費(fèi)“格外疲軟”,分析師不禁提出疑問,是否這代人成了經(jīng)濟(jì)中“苦苦掙扎的中間層”。

與兩年前相比,X世代的行為發(fā)生了明顯轉(zhuǎn)變,當(dāng)時(shí)美國經(jīng)濟(jì)分析局(U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis)發(fā)現(xiàn),X世代在當(dāng)年支出中占比最高。

美國銀行研究所的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家喬·瓦德福德寫道:“X世代由于人數(shù)相對較少經(jīng)常被忽視。然而,他們在美國經(jīng)濟(jì)中作用舉足輕重?!?/p>

他指出,2022年美國27%的家庭由X世代主導(dǎo),占消費(fèi)支出的比例卻達(dá)33%。

現(xiàn)在這代人正捂緊錢包,2023年初以來購物一直減少。8月,X世代消費(fèi)同比下降了2%。

瓦德福德指出,這一轉(zhuǎn)變并不是壞消息,除非公司業(yè)務(wù)嚴(yán)重依賴X世代的自由支出。

“我們發(fā)現(xiàn),這代人的自由支出尤其放緩或推遲,”本周,他接受《財(cái)富》視頻采訪時(shí)表示。

“為什么會(huì)這樣?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)不一定是支出或生活成本問題,因?yàn)樗麄兊钠骄剿銐虻窒畛杀旧蠞q,”他說,“他們只是在投資,而且投資很多。所以推遲了一些支出?!?/p>

他進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充道,理由很清楚:“X世代的錢如何分配?在我們看來,可能投向兩個(gè)方面:1)為退休做準(zhǔn)備而投資,2)支持依賴性越來越強(qiáng)的年輕人?!?/p>

樂觀的跡象

瓦德福德補(bǔ)充道,事實(shí)上,X世代決心退休后實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立,總體投資比其他世代多40%。對其他幾代人來說不僅“鼓舞人心”,也是“好兆頭”。

他解釋說:“考慮退休時(shí),這是我對未來前景最重要的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

“如果我為退休大筆投資,就意味著我認(rèn)為10年后有可能順利退休?,F(xiàn)在投資是對未來充滿希望的最重要跡象。

“這絕對是值得學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣,”他補(bǔ)充道。

調(diào)整重點(diǎn)

菲爾·勒克萊爾是美國銀行(Bank of America)所指X世代消費(fèi)者的典型代表。這位53歲的父親有四個(gè)孩子,在馬薩諸塞州經(jīng)營著自己的公關(guān)公司。

勒克萊爾的孩子年齡從兩歲半到22歲,意味著他在規(guī)劃財(cái)務(wù)時(shí)既要考慮支持大學(xué)畢業(yè)的兒子,也要考慮蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子。

與其他X世代不同,勒克萊爾并沒有固定的退休年齡。如果孩子需要經(jīng)濟(jì)支持,他只會(huì)更努力地工作。

不過勒克萊爾表示,近年來他的支出方式有些變化。

由于在墨西哥辦婚禮,又去希臘度蜜月,今年夏天勒克萊爾花費(fèi)巨大。他表示現(xiàn)在首要任務(wù)是平衡支出和儲(chǔ)蓄。

“現(xiàn)在我對存了多少花掉多少都一清二楚,”勒克萊爾告訴《財(cái)富》雜志。

“我不是容易被金錢或經(jīng)濟(jì)利益誘惑的人。但隨著年齡增長,我的雙親已逝,去年父親剛?cè)ナ?。這些事都會(huì)極大改變?nèi)说纳烙^以及對身后事的看法,”他解釋說。

“我喜歡花錢,在我看來所愛之人能擁有想要的東西很重要,但在人生這一階段,我會(huì)更關(guān)注投資什么,有沒有用錢賺更多錢?”

過去六年勒克萊爾一直自己當(dāng)老板,所以能根據(jù)需要靈活管理客戶數(shù)量。他現(xiàn)在的年收入超過了20萬美元。

盡管收入不菲,但勒克萊爾有意不把錢浪費(fèi)在物質(zhì)消耗品上。

“我不會(huì)亂花錢,現(xiàn)在我更注重身心健康,”勒克萊爾解釋說,“舉個(gè)例子,本周我要去佛羅里達(dá)州小住幾天,讓自己放松下。

“年輕的時(shí)候我從未真正想過這些事。不管是工作還是家庭,一直都是往前沖。”

他補(bǔ)充說:“現(xiàn)在如果花錢,我愿意花在自己或家人能享受的體驗(yàn)上。隨著年齡增長……這些事對我來說很重要?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:梁宇

審校:夏林

Gen X was meant to be the dependable consumer—the reliable generation firmly on the property ladder, preparing to inherit trillions from their boomer and silent generation parents.

And indeed, they are the shoppers whose spending has helped prop up the economy—surprising even the most experienced on Wall Street with how resilient their spending habits could prove to be.

But that’s changing.

It seems the challenge of preparing for a retirement within the next decade or so and continuing to support children is changing their outlook.

And both scenarios—aging and financially supporting offspring—prompts saving. This means the generation relied upon for tapping their cards at the cashier’s desk are instead focusing more on investing.

It’s not a bad thing for the economy, experts say, but it does mark a departure from the norm.

Struggling middle child

Research released by the Bank of America Institute last week revealed spending among Gen X customers was “particularly weak” compared to other generations, prompting analysts to ask if they’re now the economy’s “struggling middle child.”

Their behavior is a marked turnaround from two years ago, when the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis found Gen X contributed the largest portion of spending that year.

Joe Wadford, economist at the Bank of America Institute, writes: “As a relatively small generation in number, [Gen X] are often overlooked. However, they play a pivotal role in the U.S. economy.”

He points to data that in 2022, 27% of households in America were headed by a Gen Xer, but they made up 33% of all consumer spending.

But this demographic is now tightening the purse strings and has been pulling back on purchasing since early 2023. Their spending was down 2% year-on-year in August.

Wadford points out that this shift isn’t bad news—unless you’re a business heavily relying on Gen X’s discretionary spend.

“We saw that they were especially slowing down or deferring their discretionary spending,” he told Fortune in a video interview this week.

“Now why is that? We found that it wasn’t necessarily like expense or a cost of living issue because their wages have seen, on average, enough to offset the cost of living increases,” he said. “It’s the fact that they’re just investing and they’re investing a lot. They’re deferring some of that spending.”

The reasoning is clear, his note adds: “Where are Gen X allocating their money? In our view, it’s likely in two places: 1) investing for retirement, and 2) supporting an increasingly dependent young adult population.”

A sign of optimism

Indeed the fact that Gen X is determined to set themselves up to be financially independent in retirement—investing 40% more overall than any other generation—isn’t just “inspiring” for other generations, Wadford added, it’s a “great sign.”

He explained: “When I think about retirement, it’s is the ultimate measure for how I feel the future is going to pan out.

“If I’m investing a lot for retirement, that means that I think that in 10 years things are to be in a position where I can retire. Investments now are the ultimate sign that there is hope for the future.

“It’s definitely something to model yourself after,” he added.

Changing priorities

Phil LeClare is typical of the Gen X consumer Bank of America is referring to. The 53-year-old father-of-four runs his own PR agency in Massachusetts.

LeClare’s children range from the ages of 22 to two and a half, meaning the entrepreneur’s financial priorities range from supporting his college-grad son to planning for his toddler’s future.

Unlike other Gen Xers, LeClare hasn’t got a immovable year in mind for when he’d like to retire—in fact he’d ramp up his work even more if his children needed the financial support.

But in recent years LeClare said his approach to spending has changed.

Despite significant costs this summer such as his wedding in Mexico and honeymoon in Greece, LeClare says his priority is now balancing all of his outgoings with equal savings.

“I am much more keenly aware of what’s being saved and what’s going out now than I ever have at any other point in my life,” LeClare told Fortune.

“I’m not someone who is consumed by money or financial gain. But by the same token as I get older—I’ve lost both parents, my dad most recently a year ago—those things play a big role in changing one’s thinking about their mortality and what they’re leaving behind,” he explained.

“I like to spend money, it’s important to me that the people I love have the things they want, but at this point in my life I look at what I’m investing in and am I using my money to make more money?”

LeClare has worked for himself for the past six years, giving him the freedom to increase or trim his client base as needed. The result is an annual income upwards of $200,000.

Despite his healthy salary, LeClare is conscious not to waste it on material consumables.

“I don’t spend frivolously on things, however I’m much more mindful now of physical and mental health,” LeClare explained. “For example this week I’m going to Florida for a couple of days to get myself back to a point of relaxation.

“Those things I didn’t really think about when I was younger. It was just go, go, go—from a work standpoint and a family standpoint.”

He added: “If I’m spending money I need to be spending [it] on something that is an experience for me or my family. As I’ve gotten older… those things are what’s important to me.”

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