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靠省吃儉用能夠提前退休嗎?

Alicia Adamczyk
2023-08-22

克里斯托弗·米勒的職業(yè)生涯大部分時(shí)間都任職于科技行業(yè),這讓他可以積攢不少財(cái)富。

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克里斯托弗·米勒在2022年54歲的時(shí)候退休。他說:“早上花三個(gè)小時(shí)喝咖啡,令我感到幸福。”圖片來源:COURTESY OF CHRISTOPHER MILLER

自從克里斯·米勒于2022年54歲的時(shí)候退休,之后他再也沒有過多地考慮過工作。

相反,他每天早上醒來喝喝咖啡,玩三個(gè)小時(shí)的平板電腦,閱讀新聞和看電視。他會(huì)查看自己的待辦事項(xiàng)列表,但大多數(shù)待辦事項(xiàng)能夠推遲到第二天完成,比如運(yùn)動(dòng)或打匹克球,以及看看有沒有朋友可以見面等等。

這與他過去三十年作為軟件工程師的生活形成了鮮明對(duì)比,但他并不介意。退休改變了他的生活重心。他的妻子米歇爾比他早三個(gè)月退休。他們開著自己的房車在北美旅行,看了19季《實(shí)習(xí)醫(yī)生格蕾》(Grey’s Anatomy),在家里修房子,甚至開發(fā)了一款退休計(jì)算器,幫助其他人計(jì)算他們退休需要攢夠多少錢。米歇爾每天會(huì)做志愿者和養(yǎng)貓。

米勒對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“感覺每天都是星期六?!?/p>

退休是一個(gè)受人歡迎的巨大變化。米勒的職業(yè)生涯大部分時(shí)間都任職于科技行業(yè),這讓他能夠積攢不少財(cái)富。去年公司宣布裁員,他決定自己應(yīng)該休息一下,并談判了一筆“有利的”離職補(bǔ)償金,這讓他更順利地完成了向退休生活的過渡(這也是提前退休者的常見策略——如果你可以自主選擇何時(shí)退休,你就能夠獲得最合理的離職補(bǔ)償金)。

米勒在20多歲的時(shí)候開始按照最高額度繳納退休金,但直到30歲左右,他才開始“癡迷于”退休,以及他需要存下多少錢才可以過上舒適的生活。當(dāng)時(shí)他住在南加州,他看到硅谷的員工在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)繁榮(Dotcom Boom)期間賺得盆滿缽滿。于是他決定搬到北部,嘗試加入這股淘金熱。他在一家初創(chuàng)公司找到了軟件工程師的工作,并“夢(mèng)想著迅速暴富”。

他的夢(mèng)想并沒有成真:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)繁榮之后很快就迎來了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)泡沫破滅(Dotcom Bust)。米勒曾經(jīng)在四家初創(chuàng)公司工作,但沒有一家公司取得巨大成功。最后,他決定留在一家他喜歡的公司,努力以傳統(tǒng)的方式積攢財(cái)富。他說:“我省吃儉用攢錢,并進(jìn)行明智地投資?!?/p>

圖片來源:COURTESY OF CHRISTOPHER MILLER

在業(yè)余時(shí)間,他通過一些博客,例如Mr. Money Mustache等,發(fā)現(xiàn)了FIRE運(yùn)動(dòng),即財(cái)務(wù)獨(dú)立、提前退休,并決定提前退休。

他表示:“我知道我不想等到65歲”,才停止全職工作?!拔揖帉懥俗约旱碾娮訑?shù)據(jù)表,并進(jìn)行了計(jì)算,這是我的業(yè)余愛好?!?/p>

米勒拒絕分享他為退休積攢了多少儲(chǔ)蓄。但按照約4.5%至5%的年度提取率,即使在2022年這種市場(chǎng)低迷的年份,他的退休儲(chǔ)蓄足以讓他和妻子住在灣區(qū)的房子里,并開著房車旅行。雖然他可能決定未來重回職場(chǎng),但他稱,如果要維持當(dāng)前的生活方式,他在財(cái)務(wù)上就沒有必要重新工作。

在朝九晚五的工作以外找到生活的意義

米勒在剛退休時(shí)曾經(jīng)擔(dān)心妻子會(huì)感覺無聊。雖然有時(shí)候他不像自己想象的那么繁忙,但只要他想起來他最討厭的是公司里的事務(wù)以及通勤,這讓他能夠用正確的眼光看待事物。

此外,他發(fā)現(xiàn),放輕松并不是壞事。工作了一輩子之后,你可以不讓自己始終保持“超高的效率”。

他說:“人們擔(dān)心會(huì)變成懶散的電視迷,有人會(huì)尋找新的激情。而我在兩者之間。我會(huì)把一半自由時(shí)間用于放松,另外一半去做以前沒有做過的事情。我從來不感到后悔?!?/p>

他補(bǔ)充道:“早上花三個(gè)小時(shí)喝咖啡,令我感到幸福?!?/p>

他還通過幫助其他人實(shí)現(xiàn)退休目標(biāo),找到了生活的意義。米勒鼓勵(lì)其他上班族通過所謂的“蒙特卡洛模擬”,根據(jù)一系列可能的市場(chǎng)條件和其他詳細(xì)信息,幫助預(yù)測(cè)投資者是否有足夠的退休收入。當(dāng)然,這種分析并不完美,畢竟沒有任何事情是完美無缺的,但這種分析被認(rèn)為比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)退休收入計(jì)算器更加全面,因?yàn)楹笳邇H假設(shè)每年的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)回報(bào)率。

偶爾花幾個(gè)小時(shí)進(jìn)行分析,可以幫助其他儲(chǔ)戶遵守自己的儲(chǔ)蓄目標(biāo)。他還建議有志于實(shí)現(xiàn)財(cái)務(wù)獨(dú)立的其他人,關(guān)注自己的支出,以準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)退休時(shí)需要多少儲(chǔ)蓄。

他說:“在退休時(shí),你是選擇了凍結(jié)自己的生活方式支出,這意味著在你退休后這些支出不能增加。要準(zhǔn)備做出始終過這種生活并且絕對(duì)不能超支的謹(jǐn)慎決定?!?/p>

即使退休后也要持續(xù)關(guān)注自己的財(cái)務(wù)狀況。他指出:“如果經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)不佳,你就要做好調(diào)整支出的準(zhǔn)備。我想明年買一輛特斯拉(Tesla),但我只能推遲這個(gè)美好的愿望,直到完全收回自己的投資。”

他表示,即使沒有做過幾十年軟件工程師的人,也可以計(jì)算出符合自己條件的金額。他說:“有人的資產(chǎn)凈值只有我的一半,但這并不意味著他們就無法退休,只是他們只能按照我的預(yù)算的一半生活?;蛟S這意味著不同的生活狀態(tài),或者更小的房子。但總是有一些數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算,可以適合各種情況。”

圖片來源:COURTESY OF CHRISTOPHER MILLER

最后,米勒指出,提前退休者必須想明白,他們“愿意用金錢來換取時(shí)間,或許要失去生活中讓他們有成就感的東西?!痹诿绹?,工作讓許多人具有了使命感(尤其是高收入者)。但不全職工作,并不意味著你的生活就失去了意義,只是你的生活可能有了不同的意義。

他說:“在工作期間,我有許多想做但沒有時(shí)間做的事情。排在第一位的就是房車旅行?,F(xiàn)在我正在實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想?!泵桌漳壳罢谶M(jìn)行為期47天的跨加拿大旅行。他和妻子的朋友也曾經(jīng)與他們一起房車旅行,并且他們計(jì)劃每年進(jìn)行一次持續(xù)幾周的旅行。

如果年輕20歲,克里斯·米勒就不會(huì)相信他會(huì)放棄自己的事業(yè)去房車旅行和參加匹克球錦標(biāo)賽。過去一年,米勒甚至拒絕了一些合同工作的邀請(qǐng),因?yàn)樗芟硎苓@種不需要做出承諾的日子。

米勒說:“現(xiàn)在,我很享受不需要承擔(dān)責(zé)任的生活,而且我每天早上醒來只需要決定當(dāng)天應(yīng)該干什么即可。我聽從內(nèi)心的呼喚,做自己熱愛的事情?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

自從克里斯·米勒于2022年54歲的時(shí)候退休,之后他再也沒有過多地考慮過工作。

相反,他每天早上醒來喝喝咖啡,玩三個(gè)小時(shí)的平板電腦,閱讀新聞和看電視。他會(huì)查看自己的待辦事項(xiàng)列表,但大多數(shù)待辦事項(xiàng)能夠推遲到第二天完成,比如運(yùn)動(dòng)或打匹克球,以及看看有沒有朋友可以見面等等。

這與他過去三十年作為軟件工程師的生活形成了鮮明對(duì)比,但他并不介意。退休改變了他的生活重心。他的妻子米歇爾比他早三個(gè)月退休。他們開著自己的房車在北美旅行,看了19季《實(shí)習(xí)醫(yī)生格蕾》(Grey’s Anatomy),在家里修房子,甚至開發(fā)了一款退休計(jì)算器,幫助其他人計(jì)算他們退休需要攢夠多少錢。米歇爾每天會(huì)做志愿者和養(yǎng)貓。

米勒對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“感覺每天都是星期六?!?/p>

退休是一個(gè)受人歡迎的巨大變化。米勒的職業(yè)生涯大部分時(shí)間都任職于科技行業(yè),這讓他能夠積攢不少財(cái)富。去年公司宣布裁員,他決定自己應(yīng)該休息一下,并談判了一筆“有利的”離職補(bǔ)償金,這讓他更順利地完成了向退休生活的過渡(這也是提前退休者的常見策略——如果你可以自主選擇何時(shí)退休,你就能夠獲得最合理的離職補(bǔ)償金)。

米勒在20多歲的時(shí)候開始按照最高額度繳納退休金,但直到30歲左右,他才開始“癡迷于”退休,以及他需要存下多少錢才可以過上舒適的生活。當(dāng)時(shí)他住在南加州,他看到硅谷的員工在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)繁榮(Dotcom Boom)期間賺得盆滿缽滿。于是他決定搬到北部,嘗試加入這股淘金熱。他在一家初創(chuàng)公司找到了軟件工程師的工作,并“夢(mèng)想著迅速暴富”。

他的夢(mèng)想并沒有成真:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)繁榮之后很快就迎來了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)泡沫破滅(Dotcom Bust)。米勒曾經(jīng)在四家初創(chuàng)公司工作,但沒有一家公司取得巨大成功。最后,他決定留在一家他喜歡的公司,努力以傳統(tǒng)的方式積攢財(cái)富。他說:“我省吃儉用攢錢,并進(jìn)行明智地投資?!?/p>

在業(yè)余時(shí)間,他通過一些博客,例如Mr. Money Mustache等,發(fā)現(xiàn)了FIRE運(yùn)動(dòng),即財(cái)務(wù)獨(dú)立、提前退休,并決定提前退休。

他表示:“我知道我不想等到65歲”,才停止全職工作?!拔揖帉懥俗约旱碾娮訑?shù)據(jù)表,并進(jìn)行了計(jì)算,這是我的業(yè)余愛好?!?/p>

米勒拒絕分享他為退休積攢了多少儲(chǔ)蓄。但按照約4.5%至5%的年度提取率,即使在2022年這種市場(chǎng)低迷的年份,他的退休儲(chǔ)蓄足以讓他和妻子住在灣區(qū)的房子里,并開著房車旅行。雖然他可能決定未來重回職場(chǎng),但他稱,如果要維持當(dāng)前的生活方式,他在財(cái)務(wù)上就沒有必要重新工作。

在朝九晚五的工作以外找到生活的意義

米勒在剛退休時(shí)曾經(jīng)擔(dān)心妻子會(huì)感覺無聊。雖然有時(shí)候他不像自己想象的那么繁忙,但只要他想起來他最討厭的是公司里的事務(wù)以及通勤,這讓他能夠用正確的眼光看待事物。

此外,他發(fā)現(xiàn),放輕松并不是壞事。工作了一輩子之后,你可以不讓自己始終保持“超高的效率”。

他說:“人們擔(dān)心會(huì)變成懶散的電視迷,有人會(huì)尋找新的激情。而我在兩者之間。我會(huì)把一半自由時(shí)間用于放松,另外一半去做以前沒有做過的事情。我從來不感到后悔。”

他補(bǔ)充道:“早上花三個(gè)小時(shí)喝咖啡,令我感到幸福。”

他還通過幫助其他人實(shí)現(xiàn)退休目標(biāo),找到了生活的意義。米勒鼓勵(lì)其他上班族通過所謂的“蒙特卡洛模擬”,根據(jù)一系列可能的市場(chǎng)條件和其他詳細(xì)信息,幫助預(yù)測(cè)投資者是否有足夠的退休收入。當(dāng)然,這種分析并不完美,畢竟沒有任何事情是完美無缺的,但這種分析被認(rèn)為比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)退休收入計(jì)算器更加全面,因?yàn)楹笳邇H假設(shè)每年的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)回報(bào)率。

偶爾花幾個(gè)小時(shí)進(jìn)行分析,可以幫助其他儲(chǔ)戶遵守自己的儲(chǔ)蓄目標(biāo)。他還建議有志于實(shí)現(xiàn)財(cái)務(wù)獨(dú)立的其他人,關(guān)注自己的支出,以準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)退休時(shí)需要多少儲(chǔ)蓄。

他說:“在退休時(shí),你是選擇了凍結(jié)自己的生活方式支出,這意味著在你退休后這些支出不能增加。要準(zhǔn)備做出始終過這種生活并且絕對(duì)不能超支的謹(jǐn)慎決定?!?/p>

即使退休后也要持續(xù)關(guān)注自己的財(cái)務(wù)狀況。他指出:“如果經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)不佳,你就要做好調(diào)整支出的準(zhǔn)備。我想明年買一輛特斯拉(Tesla),但我只能推遲這個(gè)美好的愿望,直到完全收回自己的投資。”

他表示,即使沒有做過幾十年軟件工程師的人,也可以計(jì)算出符合自己條件的金額。他說:“有人的資產(chǎn)凈值只有我的一半,但這并不意味著他們就無法退休,只是他們只能按照我的預(yù)算的一半生活?;蛟S這意味著不同的生活狀態(tài),或者更小的房子。但總是有一些數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算,可以適合各種情況?!?/p>

最后,米勒指出,提前退休者必須想明白,他們“愿意用金錢來換取時(shí)間,或許要失去生活中讓他們有成就感的東西?!痹诿绹ぷ髯屧S多人具有了使命感(尤其是高收入者)。但不全職工作,并不意味著你的生活就失去了意義,只是你的生活可能有了不同的意義。

他說:“在工作期間,我有許多想做但沒有時(shí)間做的事情。排在第一位的就是房車旅行?,F(xiàn)在我正在實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想?!泵桌漳壳罢谶M(jìn)行為期47天的跨加拿大旅行。他和妻子的朋友也曾經(jīng)與他們一起房車旅行,并且他們計(jì)劃每年進(jìn)行一次持續(xù)幾周的旅行。

如果年輕20歲,克里斯·米勒就不會(huì)相信他會(huì)放棄自己的事業(yè)去房車旅行和參加匹克球錦標(biāo)賽。過去一年,米勒甚至拒絕了一些合同工作的邀請(qǐng),因?yàn)樗芟硎苓@種不需要做出承諾的日子。

米勒說:“現(xiàn)在,我很享受不需要承擔(dān)責(zé)任的生活,而且我每天早上醒來只需要決定當(dāng)天應(yīng)該干什么即可。我聽從內(nèi)心的呼喚,做自己熱愛的事情?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

Since Chris Miller retired in 2022 at the age of 54, he hasn’t thought about work much.

Instead, he wakes up, makes coffee, and spends three hours with his tablet, reading the news and watching TV. He’ll check his to-do list—though most things can be pushed to another day—maybe exercise or play some pickle ball, and see if any of his friends are able to meet up.

It’s starkly different from the three decades he spent working as a software engineer, not that he minds. His retirement shifted his priorities. He’s spent his time traveling with his wife Michelle—who retired three months before him—around North America in their RV, watching 19 seasons of Grey’s Anatomy, tinkering around the house, and even building a retirement calculator to help other people figure out how much money they’ll need in retirement. Michelle spends her days volunteering and fostering kittens.

“Every day feels like Saturday,” Miller tells Fortune.

It’s been a big, but welcome change. Miller logged long hours in the tech industry for most of his career, which allowed him to save significantly. When his company announced layoffs were coming last year, he decided it was time to take a break and negotiated a “favorable” severance package, which helped ease his transition into retirement (it’s also a common tactic among early retirees—if you can pick when you retire, you can optimize your exit package).

Miller started maxing out his retirement contributions in his 20s, but it wasn’t until around age 30 that he became “obsessed” with the concept of retirement and how much he would need to save to live a comfortable life. At the time, he lived in Southern California and watched as Silicon Valley workers made out like bandits during the Dotcom Boom. He decided to move north to try to get in on the gold rush. He got a job as a software engineer at a startup and “had dreams of getting rich immediately.”

That didn’t happen; the Dotcom Boom was quickly followed by the Dotcom Bust. Miller worked at four different startups, none of which were hugely successful. Eventually, he decided to stay put at a company he liked well enough and try to build wealth the old-fashioned way. “I saved my pennies and invested wisely,” he says.

In his free time, he discovered the FIRE—financial independence, retire early—movement through blogs like Mr. Money Mustache and went all in on early retirement.

“I knew I didn’t want to wait until 65” to stop working full time, he says. “I was doing my own spreadsheets and calculations, that was my hobby.”

Miller declined to share how much he saved for retirement. But between him and his wife, it’s enough to live in a house in the Bay Area and travel in their RV on an annual withdrawal rate of around 4.5% to 5%, even in a down market like 2022. While he may decide to go back to work one day, he says he doesn’t need to financially if they keep their lifestyle the way it is now.

Finding purpose outside the 9-to-5

When he first retired, Miller was worried that his life would lack purpose. And while there are some days he isn’t as busy as he would like, remembering the things he disliked most about the corporate world—the commute being a big one—helps put things in perspective.

Plus, taking it easy isn’t so bad, he’s finding. After a lifetime of working, it’s okay not to be “uber productive” all the time.

“People are worried they’ll become couch potatoes, others find new passions. I’m in the middle,” he says. “I have all this free time and I use half of it to relax and half of it to do things I didn’t do before. I have no regrets about that.

“I’m happy to spend three hours drinking my coffee in the morning,” he adds.

He’s also found purpose in helping others reach their retirement goals. Miller encourages other workers to run a so-called Monte Carlo simulation, which is a type of analysis that helps project whether an investor will have enough retirement income given a range of possible market conditions and other details. It’s not a perfect analysis, of course—nothing can be—but it is considered more thorough than a standard retirement income calculator that only assumes a standard rate of return each year.

Spending a few hours running the numbers every now and then can help other savers stay on track. He also advises those interested in financial independence to track their spending meticulously so they will accurately know how much they’ll need in retirement.

“When you retire, you’re choosing to freeze your lifestyle expenses, they can’t really increase after you retire,” he says. “Be ready to make the conscious decision to always be living that lifestyle and never more.”

And keep following your financial progress even after you retire. “Be prepared to make spending adjustments if things are looking down,” he says. “I’m hoping to buy a Tesla next year, but I’m deferring that gratification until our investments fully recover.”

Even those who didn’t work as a software engineer for decades can figure out the math that works for them, he says. “Somebody else who has half the net worth of me, that doesn’t mean they can’t retire, they just have to live on half the budget,” he says. “Maybe that means living in a different state, or a smaller house. There’s always some math that works in any situation.”

Finally, Miller says early retirees have to be sure they’re “willing to trade money for time and possibly lose out on what fulfills you in life.” In the U.S., work gives many people a sense of purpose (particularly high earners). But just because you’re not working full time doesn’t mean your life will lose meaning—it may just take on a different one.

“When I was working, there were a lot of things I wished I could do that I just didn’t have time for. RV travel was number one on that list, and now I’m just living that dream,” he says, noting he’s currently on a 47-day trip across Canada. He and his wife have friends who also travel with their RVs, and they are aiming for a few weeks-long trips each year.

The Chris Miller of 20 years ago wouldn’t believe he gave up his career for RV travel and pickle ball tournaments. He’s even turned down some offers of contract work over the past year because he’s enjoying his commitment-free days.

“Right now, I’m really enjoying the lack of responsibility and the notion that I can wake up every day and just decide what to do that day,” he says. “I’m following my heart, I’m doing the things I’m passionate about.”

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