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合作過(guò)量是否存在?催促員工重返辦公室可能造成巨大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Trey Williams
2023-07-20

公司發(fā)現(xiàn),員工回到辦公室后參加的會(huì)議越來(lái)越多,提升工作效率的時(shí)間越來(lái)越少。

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圖片來(lái)源:COURTNEYK—GETTY IMAGES

2022年,云軟件公司W(wǎng)orkday開始要求員工每周有幾天回辦公室。公司發(fā)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程辦公期間消失的合作活動(dòng)迅速?gòu)?fù)活。同事們?cè)谧呃壤锝凶”舜?,開始聊天溝通,以前通過(guò)電子郵件處理的事情現(xiàn)在可以開會(huì)討論。

Workday的人力分析副總裁菲爾·威爾伯恩告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,內(nèi)部指標(biāo)顯示,團(tuán)隊(duì)間聯(lián)系增加了17%。但為了協(xié)作而協(xié)作并不總是好事情,協(xié)作太多也可能產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。Workday主要為人力資源和財(cái)務(wù)部門開發(fā)軟件,該公司還發(fā)現(xiàn)協(xié)作提升的同時(shí),垃圾會(huì)議時(shí)間也增加了24%。結(jié)果員工不夠時(shí)間完成正常工作,項(xiàng)目積壓,下班拖晚,導(dǎo)致員工承受壓力疲憊不堪。

社會(huì)科學(xué)家、賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)(University of Pennsylvania)的組織動(dòng)力學(xué)教授邁克爾·阿里納把這一問(wèn)題稱為“協(xié)作雪崩”或過(guò)度聯(lián)系,稱實(shí)際上公司會(huì)受到影響。隨著員工在辦公室的時(shí)間越來(lái)越多,新冠疫情期間暫停的舉措重新啟用,就容易出現(xiàn)該問(wèn)題。阿里納曾經(jīng)與Workday合作。

“閘門緩緩打開,之前無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的項(xiàng)目和合作機(jī)會(huì)不斷出現(xiàn)?!卑⒗锛{對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,“臨時(shí)召開的會(huì)議上出現(xiàn)新想法,然后又要開三個(gè)會(huì)討論。”

阿里納稱,新冠疫情封鎖初期在Slack、Microsoft Teams和Zoom等工具的幫助下,團(tuán)隊(duì)迅速過(guò)渡到新的虛擬工作方式。不過(guò)2020年通信跟蹤應(yīng)用程序Humanyze的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人本·瓦貝爾告訴《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》(New York Times),新冠疫情初期,公司內(nèi)距離較遠(yuǎn)的員工之間聯(lián)系惡化了30%。

當(dāng)人們陸續(xù)返回辦公室,哪怕只是混合辦公,跨團(tuán)隊(duì)溝通習(xí)慣也得以恢復(fù)。然而如此一來(lái)也意味著更多的臨時(shí)交流、更多的會(huì)議和更大的工作量。員工在新冠疫情期間已經(jīng)習(xí)慣“快速”Zoom和虛擬會(huì)議,從而提升遠(yuǎn)程辦公效率,現(xiàn)在除此之外面對(duì)面的活動(dòng)也有所增加。

“人們的預(yù)期是,返回辦公室后(會(huì)議次數(shù))正?;p少,因?yàn)榇蠹乙呀?jīng)在同一空間,也許并不需要太頻繁見面,然而實(shí)際上聚在一起的時(shí)間反而增加?!弊粉櫤头治龉ぷ鲌?chǎng)所生產(chǎn)力和協(xié)作的Worklytics的創(chuàng)始人菲利普·阿爾克科爾說(shuō),“所以,人們遠(yuǎn)程辦公時(shí)聯(lián)系增加,很多情況下當(dāng)人們回到辦公室時(shí)聯(lián)系再次增加。”

協(xié)作活動(dòng)過(guò)多也會(huì)導(dǎo)致“工作日三高峰”。除了午餐前后的效率高峰外,員工發(fā)現(xiàn)又多了一個(gè)高峰,就是為了完成工作晚上把工作帶回家。

種種新情況都會(huì)對(duì)員工幸福感造成負(fù)面影響,并導(dǎo)致倦怠。其中,在辦公室協(xié)作過(guò)多是關(guān)鍵因素。

“協(xié)作本身沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題,對(duì)吧?能夠抓緊時(shí)間把事情做完,但如果在工作上沒(méi)有什么進(jìn)展,沒(méi)有成就感,又或者工作量太大,就會(huì)產(chǎn)生不利的一面?!蓖柌髡f(shuō)。

麥肯錫(McKinsey)的高級(jí)合伙人亞倫·德·斯梅特表示,多數(shù)公司都知道存在協(xié)作過(guò)量和會(huì)議過(guò)多的問(wèn)題,也愿意承認(rèn)。他建議管理者協(xié)助提高團(tuán)隊(duì)效率。

德·斯梅特說(shuō):“好消息是協(xié)作比以往更容易,壞消息也是協(xié)作比以往更容易?!彼a(bǔ)充道,經(jīng)理們平均有三分之一或更多的時(shí)間花在開會(huì)上,目標(biāo)是在散會(huì)之前完成某件事情,然而其中一半以上的會(huì)議達(dá)不到目標(biāo)。

真正的問(wèn)題是,公司并不真正知道如何解決協(xié)作問(wèn)題。

最近,電商巨頭Shopify為解決該問(wèn)題采取了比較極端的做法,即利用會(huì)議成本計(jì)算器推動(dòng)減少會(huì)議。當(dāng)邀請(qǐng)三位或三位以上參會(huì)者時(shí),員工的谷歌日歷(Google Calendar)上會(huì)出現(xiàn)一項(xiàng)新工具,根據(jù)會(huì)議時(shí)間和不同職位的平均薪酬數(shù)據(jù),列出理論上公司為會(huì)議交流承擔(dān)的成本。

“在Shopify,沒(méi)有人會(huì)花500美元吃頓晚飯。”今年7月的早些時(shí)候,該公司的首席運(yùn)營(yíng)官卡茲·內(nèi)賈蒂安對(duì)彭博社(Bloomberg)說(shuō),“然而很多人在會(huì)議上花費(fèi)的成本遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了這一數(shù)字,最后還得不到什么實(shí)質(zhì)結(jié)論?!?/p>

2021年年底,Workday推出了一款工具,每周從員工獲得反饋,并根據(jù)相關(guān)感受和擔(dān)憂提供給管理者參考。威爾伯恩表示,如果員工認(rèn)為開的會(huì)太多,相互協(xié)作也超負(fù)荷,各團(tuán)隊(duì)就能夠相應(yīng)調(diào)整。

“可以實(shí)時(shí)看到各位經(jīng)理對(duì)團(tuán)隊(duì)做出的細(xì)微改變和改進(jìn)?!蓖柌髡f(shuō),“到2022年年中,抱怨沒(méi)有成就感和工作量過(guò)大的員工人數(shù)減少了50%?!?/p>

阿里納表示,協(xié)作雪崩的關(guān)鍵是,要有意識(shí)地了解會(huì)議的目的,需要達(dá)成什么結(jié)果,以及剛開始能否先嘗試郵件溝通。并不存在一刀切的解決方案,不過(guò)實(shí)際執(zhí)行的情況都要可跟蹤。他指出,衡量會(huì)議是否成功最好的方法是看最終能否形成決策。

“我共事過(guò)最優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者都非常重視開會(huì)?!卑⒗锛{說(shuō),“協(xié)作是否適量有個(gè)非常微妙的平衡點(diǎn),這也正是辦公領(lǐng)域下一個(gè)要解決的重點(diǎn)?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:梁宇

審校:夏林

2022年,云軟件公司W(wǎng)orkday開始要求員工每周有幾天回辦公室。公司發(fā)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程辦公期間消失的合作活動(dòng)迅速?gòu)?fù)活。同事們?cè)谧呃壤锝凶”舜?,開始聊天溝通,以前通過(guò)電子郵件處理的事情現(xiàn)在可以開會(huì)討論。

Workday的人力分析副總裁菲爾·威爾伯恩告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,內(nèi)部指標(biāo)顯示,團(tuán)隊(duì)間聯(lián)系增加了17%。但為了協(xié)作而協(xié)作并不總是好事情,協(xié)作太多也可能產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。Workday主要為人力資源和財(cái)務(wù)部門開發(fā)軟件,該公司還發(fā)現(xiàn)協(xié)作提升的同時(shí),垃圾會(huì)議時(shí)間也增加了24%。結(jié)果員工不夠時(shí)間完成正常工作,項(xiàng)目積壓,下班拖晚,導(dǎo)致員工承受壓力疲憊不堪。

社會(huì)科學(xué)家、賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)(University of Pennsylvania)的組織動(dòng)力學(xué)教授邁克爾·阿里納把這一問(wèn)題稱為“協(xié)作雪崩”或過(guò)度聯(lián)系,稱實(shí)際上公司會(huì)受到影響。隨著員工在辦公室的時(shí)間越來(lái)越多,新冠疫情期間暫停的舉措重新啟用,就容易出現(xiàn)該問(wèn)題。阿里納曾經(jīng)與Workday合作。

“閘門緩緩打開,之前無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的項(xiàng)目和合作機(jī)會(huì)不斷出現(xiàn)?!卑⒗锛{對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,“臨時(shí)召開的會(huì)議上出現(xiàn)新想法,然后又要開三個(gè)會(huì)討論?!?/p>

阿里納稱,新冠疫情封鎖初期在Slack、Microsoft Teams和Zoom等工具的幫助下,團(tuán)隊(duì)迅速過(guò)渡到新的虛擬工作方式。不過(guò)2020年通信跟蹤應(yīng)用程序Humanyze的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人本·瓦貝爾告訴《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》(New York Times),新冠疫情初期,公司內(nèi)距離較遠(yuǎn)的員工之間聯(lián)系惡化了30%。

當(dāng)人們陸續(xù)返回辦公室,哪怕只是混合辦公,跨團(tuán)隊(duì)溝通習(xí)慣也得以恢復(fù)。然而如此一來(lái)也意味著更多的臨時(shí)交流、更多的會(huì)議和更大的工作量。員工在新冠疫情期間已經(jīng)習(xí)慣“快速”Zoom和虛擬會(huì)議,從而提升遠(yuǎn)程辦公效率,現(xiàn)在除此之外面對(duì)面的活動(dòng)也有所增加。

“人們的預(yù)期是,返回辦公室后(會(huì)議次數(shù))正?;p少,因?yàn)榇蠹乙呀?jīng)在同一空間,也許并不需要太頻繁見面,然而實(shí)際上聚在一起的時(shí)間反而增加?!弊粉櫤头治龉ぷ鲌?chǎng)所生產(chǎn)力和協(xié)作的Worklytics的創(chuàng)始人菲利普·阿爾克科爾說(shuō),“所以,人們遠(yuǎn)程辦公時(shí)聯(lián)系增加,很多情況下當(dāng)人們回到辦公室時(shí)聯(lián)系再次增加?!?/p>

協(xié)作活動(dòng)過(guò)多也會(huì)導(dǎo)致“工作日三高峰”。除了午餐前后的效率高峰外,員工發(fā)現(xiàn)又多了一個(gè)高峰,就是為了完成工作晚上把工作帶回家。

種種新情況都會(huì)對(duì)員工幸福感造成負(fù)面影響,并導(dǎo)致倦怠。其中,在辦公室協(xié)作過(guò)多是關(guān)鍵因素。

“協(xié)作本身沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題,對(duì)吧?能夠抓緊時(shí)間把事情做完,但如果在工作上沒(méi)有什么進(jìn)展,沒(méi)有成就感,又或者工作量太大,就會(huì)產(chǎn)生不利的一面?!蓖柌髡f(shuō)。

麥肯錫(McKinsey)的高級(jí)合伙人亞倫·德·斯梅特表示,多數(shù)公司都知道存在協(xié)作過(guò)量和會(huì)議過(guò)多的問(wèn)題,也愿意承認(rèn)。他建議管理者協(xié)助提高團(tuán)隊(duì)效率。

德·斯梅特說(shuō):“好消息是協(xié)作比以往更容易,壞消息也是協(xié)作比以往更容易?!彼a(bǔ)充道,經(jīng)理們平均有三分之一或更多的時(shí)間花在開會(huì)上,目標(biāo)是在散會(huì)之前完成某件事情,然而其中一半以上的會(huì)議達(dá)不到目標(biāo)。

真正的問(wèn)題是,公司并不真正知道如何解決協(xié)作問(wèn)題。

最近,電商巨頭Shopify為解決該問(wèn)題采取了比較極端的做法,即利用會(huì)議成本計(jì)算器推動(dòng)減少會(huì)議。當(dāng)邀請(qǐng)三位或三位以上參會(huì)者時(shí),員工的谷歌日歷(Google Calendar)上會(huì)出現(xiàn)一項(xiàng)新工具,根據(jù)會(huì)議時(shí)間和不同職位的平均薪酬數(shù)據(jù),列出理論上公司為會(huì)議交流承擔(dān)的成本。

“在Shopify,沒(méi)有人會(huì)花500美元吃頓晚飯?!苯衲?月的早些時(shí)候,該公司的首席運(yùn)營(yíng)官卡茲·內(nèi)賈蒂安對(duì)彭博社(Bloomberg)說(shuō),“然而很多人在會(huì)議上花費(fèi)的成本遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了這一數(shù)字,最后還得不到什么實(shí)質(zhì)結(jié)論?!?/p>

2021年年底,Workday推出了一款工具,每周從員工獲得反饋,并根據(jù)相關(guān)感受和擔(dān)憂提供給管理者參考。威爾伯恩表示,如果員工認(rèn)為開的會(huì)太多,相互協(xié)作也超負(fù)荷,各團(tuán)隊(duì)就能夠相應(yīng)調(diào)整。

“可以實(shí)時(shí)看到各位經(jīng)理對(duì)團(tuán)隊(duì)做出的細(xì)微改變和改進(jìn)。”威爾伯恩說(shuō),“到2022年年中,抱怨沒(méi)有成就感和工作量過(guò)大的員工人數(shù)減少了50%?!?/p>

阿里納表示,協(xié)作雪崩的關(guān)鍵是,要有意識(shí)地了解會(huì)議的目的,需要達(dá)成什么結(jié)果,以及剛開始能否先嘗試郵件溝通。并不存在一刀切的解決方案,不過(guò)實(shí)際執(zhí)行的情況都要可跟蹤。他指出,衡量會(huì)議是否成功最好的方法是看最終能否形成決策。

“我共事過(guò)最優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者都非常重視開會(huì)?!卑⒗锛{說(shuō),“協(xié)作是否適量有個(gè)非常微妙的平衡點(diǎn),這也正是辦公領(lǐng)域下一個(gè)要解決的重點(diǎn)?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:梁宇

審校:夏林

When cloud-based software company Workday started bringing employees back to the office a few days a week last year, the company noticed the collaboration that had been missing in the remote world quickly came back to life. Colleagues stopped each other in the hallway to chat and catch up, and things that would have been emails before turned into meetings.

The organization saw a 17% increase in connections across teams according to their own internal metrics, Workday vice president of people analytics Phil Willburn tells Fortune. But activity for activity’s sake isn’t always good, and too much can have a downside. Workday, which makes software for human resources and finance departments, also saw a 24% increase in the amount of time people were spending in meetings. Employees didn’t have enough time to get their work done, projects piled up, and the days got longer, which led to workers feeling stressed and overwhelmed.

It’s a problem that social scientist and University of Pennsylvania professor of organizational dynamics Michael Arena refers to as the “activity avalanche,” or a sudden hyperconnectivity that can actually hurt a company—and it’s happening as workers transition to spending more time in the office and companies kick off initiatives that were paused during the pandemic. Workday is one of the companies that Arena worked with.

“The floodgates have been opening up and all those pent-up projects and activity is just spilling over,” Arena told Fortune. “Ad hoc meetings spawn new ideas, which creates three other meetings.”

In the early days of lockdown, teams did surprisingly well quickly transitioning into new virtual ways of working, thanks to tools like Slack, Microsoft Teams, and Zoom, according to Arena. But connections between more far-flung workers within companies deteriorated as much as 30% in the early days of the pandemic, Ben Waber, cofounder of communications tracking app Humanyze, told the New York Times in 2020.

When people returned to offices, even in hybrid capacities, those cross-team communications were rebuilt. But that also meant more impromptu communications, more meetings, and more work. That increased in-person activity was in addition to “quick” Zooms and virtual on-camera meetings that workers got used to during the pandemic so that they could work better remotely.

“The expectation was that when organizations got people back to the office that [the number of meetings] would kind of normalize and go back down—people are together, so maybe they don’t need to meet as much—but in reality, you just see another rise,” Phillip Arkcoll, founder of Worklytics, which tracks and analyzes productivity and collaboration in workplaces. “So it rose when people went remote, and it’s risen, in many cases, again as people go back to offices.”

Too much collaboration can also lead to a “triple-peak work day”—in which, in addition to productivity peaks before and after lunch, workers find themselves with another peak, taking work home in the evening just to get everything done.

All of this has a negative impact on workers’ well-being and leads to burnout. And too much collaboration in the workplace is a key driver.

“Activity by itself is not bad, right? You can be hustling and getting stuff done, but if you’re not making progress on work, and you don’t feel a sense of accomplishment, or your workload is too much, that’s the downside of it,” Willburn says.

Most companies know they have a problem with collaboration overload and too many meetings, and they’re ready to admit it, says McKinsey senior partner Aaron De Smet, who counsels leaders to help improve their teams’ performance.

“The good news is it’s easier than ever to collaborate, and the bad news is it’s easier than ever to collaborate,” De Smet says. He adds that managers on average spend one-third or more of their time in meetings that are meant to accomplish something by the end of it, but more than half of those meetings fail.

The real issue is that companies don’t really know what to do about their collaboration problems.

E-commerce giant Shopify recently took an extreme approach to that problem, further cracking down on meetings by implementing a meeting cost calculator. The new tool shows up on employees’ Google Calendars when three or more guests are invited and lays out how much it costs the company in theory for them to toss ideas back and forth based on meeting length and average compensation data across roles.

“No one at Shopify would expense a $500 dinner,” the company’s chief operating officer Kaz Nejatian, who built the program, told Bloomberg earlier July. “But lots and lots of people spend way more than that in meetings without ever making a decision.”

Toward the end of 2021, Workday launched a tool that takes weekly feedback from employees, and turns their feelings and concerns into insights for managers. When workers flagged that they were caught up in too many meetings and experiencing collaboration overload, Willburn says that individual teams were able to make adjustments.

“We got to see, in real time, all of these managers making small changes and improvements on their team,” Willburn said. “And by mid-2022, we had reduced the number of people who were struggling with a sense of accomplishment and workload by 50%.”

The key thing to know about an activity avalanche, Arena says, is being intentional about what a meeting is for, what the outcomes need to be, and really whether it could be an email in the first place. There’s no one-size-fits-all solution, but whatever’s being implemented also needs to be trackable. The best way to measure a successful meeting process is to measure the actual decisions that were made, he says.

“The best leaders I’ve ever worked with assess their meetings more than anything else,” Arena says. “There’s this really tight sweet spot for collaboration, and I think this is the next frontline of the future of work.”

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