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美國(guó)新增就業(yè)26.6萬(wàn)個(gè),但仍有行業(yè)“招工難”

餐飲、酒店和娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所成為招工缺口最大的行業(yè)。

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2021年4月,美國(guó)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的新增就業(yè)崗位僅有26.6萬(wàn)個(gè),顯著低于3月,這也表明,隨著美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的逐步復(fù)蘇,一些企業(yè)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了“招工難”的問(wèn)題。

美國(guó)勞工部(Labor Department)于5月7日指出,隨著美國(guó)的新增確診病例數(shù)逐步下降,各州以及地方層面紛紛放松了防疫限制,美國(guó)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的新增就業(yè)崗位數(shù)已經(jīng)連續(xù)四個(gè)月保持上升。但盡管如此,美國(guó)的失業(yè)率仍然從3月的6%上升至6.1%。

與此同時(shí),人們對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的樂(lè)觀情緒也在增強(qiáng)。很多人在拿到1400美元的聯(lián)邦救濟(jì)金后,手頭已經(jīng)寬綽了一些。另外,很多人去年基本上都省下了旅游、娛樂(lè)和外出就餐的支出,所以也有了不少儲(chǔ)蓄。數(shù)百萬(wàn)消費(fèi)者已經(jīng)開(kāi)始下館子、買(mǎi)機(jī)票、自駕游,乃至買(mǎi)車、買(mǎi)房了。

在各行各業(yè)中,上個(gè)月裁員最多的是臨時(shí)性崗位,大約裁掉了11.1萬(wàn)個(gè)職位。建筑行業(yè)今年3月增加了9.7萬(wàn)個(gè)工作崗位,但4月基本沒(méi)有再增長(zhǎng)。制造業(yè)3月增加了5.4萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè),但4月又減少了1.8個(gè)。運(yùn)輸和倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)行業(yè)的就業(yè)在經(jīng)歷了好幾個(gè)月的穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)后,于4月減少了7.4萬(wàn)個(gè)崗位。

相比之下,餐飲、酒店和娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所成為招工缺口最大的行業(yè)。今年3月,餐飲娛樂(lè)行業(yè)新增就業(yè)20.6萬(wàn)個(gè),4月繼續(xù)新增就業(yè)33.1萬(wàn)個(gè)。

在5月7日的一份月報(bào)中,美國(guó)政府將3月的新增就業(yè)預(yù)期從此前的91.6萬(wàn)個(gè),下調(diào)至77萬(wàn)個(gè)。

多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為,隨著疫苗接種率的提高,加上數(shù)萬(wàn)億美元的政府援助惠及了整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì),美國(guó)的就業(yè)形勢(shì)還將進(jìn)一步向好。有分析人士認(rèn)為,就算美國(guó)的確診病例數(shù)再次大幅增長(zhǎng),美國(guó)的大多數(shù)州和城市可能也不會(huì)再對(duì)商業(yè)實(shí)施嚴(yán)格限制。據(jù)咨詢公司Oxford Economics預(yù)測(cè),今年美國(guó)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的新增就業(yè)數(shù)將達(dá)到800個(gè)。到今年年底,美國(guó)的失業(yè)率將下降至4.3%的低位。

美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇速度如此之快,導(dǎo)致不少企業(yè)都有些措手不及——尤其是那些被疫情打擊得最慘的餐飲娛樂(lè)行業(yè),它們甚至面臨著招不到人的窘境。另外,一些失業(yè)者害怕感染新冠病毒,目前也不愿意找工作。

不少在疫情期間失業(yè)的人并未回到原來(lái)的崗位上,而是找了新的工作。此外還有很多職場(chǎng)女性都辭職做了全職媽媽,現(xiàn)在仍然要在家照顧孩子。

當(dāng)14個(gè)月前美國(guó)剛剛爆發(fā)疫情時(shí),美國(guó)有數(shù)千萬(wàn)人失去了工作,美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)也陷入了停擺,現(xiàn)在的就業(yè)增長(zhǎng),只不過(guò)是在填補(bǔ)那時(shí)造成的缺口。目前美國(guó)的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)仍然比疫情前少了800多萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)崗位。

今年3月初,拜登政府批準(zhǔn)了一筆1.9萬(wàn)億美元的救助計(jì)劃,從而維持了美國(guó)人的收入和購(gòu)買(mǎi)力。這筆救助計(jì)劃的效果要好于以前的幾次經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。今年前三個(gè)月,美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)較上年同期增長(zhǎng)了6.4%,表現(xiàn)相當(dāng)強(qiáng)勁。據(jù)亞特蘭大聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行(Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta)估計(jì),今年4月至6月,美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增速甚至有望達(dá)到13%。

美國(guó)政府在上周發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告顯示,今年第一季度,美國(guó)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的工資和福利水平也在穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng),這說(shuō)明一些企業(yè)不得不提高待遇來(lái)吸引和留住員工。目前美國(guó)的空缺職位的數(shù)量已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)高于疫情前的水平,不過(guò)當(dāng)下美國(guó)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的規(guī)?!簿褪且呀?jīng)找到工作和正在找工作的人數(shù),仍然比疫情前少了400萬(wàn)人左右。

此外,美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇形勢(shì)依然極不均衡。在過(guò)去的一年里,大多數(shù)受過(guò)高等教育的白領(lǐng)員工都能夠在家工作。很多人不僅攢下了一筆儲(chǔ)蓄,而且房?jī)r(jià)上漲和股市創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的上漲,使他們的財(cái)富反而有所增加。

相比之下,最容易被裁員的,主要是那些低薪勞動(dòng)者、少數(shù)族裔和沒(méi)有接受過(guò)高等教育的勞動(dòng)者。而且很多職場(chǎng)女性不得不辭掉工作,去照顧孩子。

在拜登的救濟(jì)計(jì)劃出臺(tái)后,美國(guó)的失業(yè)救濟(jì)金每周又增加了300美元。假設(shè)你上一份工作的年收入不足32000美元,那么現(xiàn)在,你的失業(yè)救濟(jì)金比你之前工作的收入都要多。這樣一來(lái),美國(guó)至少有100萬(wàn)人會(huì)選擇繼續(xù)領(lǐng)救濟(jì)金,而不是找工作。另外,股價(jià)和房?jī)r(jià)的上漲,也可能導(dǎo)致120萬(wàn)美國(guó)中老年人選擇提前退休。

盡管如此,一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家指出,雇主們還是會(huì)提供更高的薪酬,以吸引更多的人回到就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:樸成奎

2021年4月,美國(guó)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的新增就業(yè)崗位僅有26.6萬(wàn)個(gè),顯著低于3月,這也表明,隨著美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的逐步復(fù)蘇,一些企業(yè)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了“招工難”的問(wèn)題。

美國(guó)勞工部(Labor Department)于5月7日指出,隨著美國(guó)的新增確診病例數(shù)逐步下降,各州以及地方層面紛紛放松了防疫限制,美國(guó)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的新增就業(yè)崗位數(shù)已經(jīng)連續(xù)四個(gè)月保持上升。但盡管如此,美國(guó)的失業(yè)率仍然從3月的6%上升至6.1%。

與此同時(shí),人們對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的樂(lè)觀情緒也在增強(qiáng)。很多人在拿到1400美元的聯(lián)邦救濟(jì)金后,手頭已經(jīng)寬綽了一些。另外,很多人去年基本上都省下了旅游、娛樂(lè)和外出就餐的支出,所以也有了不少儲(chǔ)蓄。數(shù)百萬(wàn)消費(fèi)者已經(jīng)開(kāi)始下館子、買(mǎi)機(jī)票、自駕游,乃至買(mǎi)車、買(mǎi)房了。

在各行各業(yè)中,上個(gè)月裁員最多的是臨時(shí)性崗位,大約裁掉了11.1萬(wàn)個(gè)職位。建筑行業(yè)今年3月增加了9.7萬(wàn)個(gè)工作崗位,但4月基本沒(méi)有再增長(zhǎng)。制造業(yè)3月增加了5.4萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè),但4月又減少了1.8個(gè)。運(yùn)輸和倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)行業(yè)的就業(yè)在經(jīng)歷了好幾個(gè)月的穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)后,于4月減少了7.4萬(wàn)個(gè)崗位。

相比之下,餐飲、酒店和娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所成為招工缺口最大的行業(yè)。今年3月,餐飲娛樂(lè)行業(yè)新增就業(yè)20.6萬(wàn)個(gè),4月繼續(xù)新增就業(yè)33.1萬(wàn)個(gè)。

在5月7日的一份月報(bào)中,美國(guó)政府將3月的新增就業(yè)預(yù)期從此前的91.6萬(wàn)個(gè),下調(diào)至77萬(wàn)個(gè)。

多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為,隨著疫苗接種率的提高,加上數(shù)萬(wàn)億美元的政府援助惠及了整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì),美國(guó)的就業(yè)形勢(shì)還將進(jìn)一步向好。有分析人士認(rèn)為,就算美國(guó)的確診病例數(shù)再次大幅增長(zhǎng),美國(guó)的大多數(shù)州和城市可能也不會(huì)再對(duì)商業(yè)實(shí)施嚴(yán)格限制。據(jù)咨詢公司Oxford Economics預(yù)測(cè),今年美國(guó)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的新增就業(yè)數(shù)將達(dá)到800個(gè)。到今年年底,美國(guó)的失業(yè)率將下降至4.3%的低位。

美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇速度如此之快,導(dǎo)致不少企業(yè)都有些措手不及——尤其是那些被疫情打擊得最慘的餐飲娛樂(lè)行業(yè),它們甚至面臨著招不到人的窘境。另外,一些失業(yè)者害怕感染新冠病毒,目前也不愿意找工作。

不少在疫情期間失業(yè)的人并未回到原來(lái)的崗位上,而是找了新的工作。此外還有很多職場(chǎng)女性都辭職做了全職媽媽,現(xiàn)在仍然要在家照顧孩子。

當(dāng)14個(gè)月前美國(guó)剛剛爆發(fā)疫情時(shí),美國(guó)有數(shù)千萬(wàn)人失去了工作,美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)也陷入了停擺,現(xiàn)在的就業(yè)增長(zhǎng),只不過(guò)是在填補(bǔ)那時(shí)造成的缺口。目前美國(guó)的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)仍然比疫情前少了800多萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)崗位。

今年3月初,拜登政府批準(zhǔn)了一筆1.9萬(wàn)億美元的救助計(jì)劃,從而維持了美國(guó)人的收入和購(gòu)買(mǎi)力。這筆救助計(jì)劃的效果要好于以前的幾次經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。今年前三個(gè)月,美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)較上年同期增長(zhǎng)了6.4%,表現(xiàn)相當(dāng)強(qiáng)勁。據(jù)亞特蘭大聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行(Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta)估計(jì),今年4月至6月,美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增速甚至有望達(dá)到13%。

美國(guó)政府在上周發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告顯示,今年第一季度,美國(guó)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的工資和福利水平也在穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng),這說(shuō)明一些企業(yè)不得不提高待遇來(lái)吸引和留住員工。目前美國(guó)的空缺職位的數(shù)量已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)高于疫情前的水平,不過(guò)當(dāng)下美國(guó)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的規(guī)?!簿褪且呀?jīng)找到工作和正在找工作的人數(shù),仍然比疫情前少了400萬(wàn)人左右。

此外,美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇形勢(shì)依然極不均衡。在過(guò)去的一年里,大多數(shù)受過(guò)高等教育的白領(lǐng)員工都能夠在家工作。很多人不僅攢下了一筆儲(chǔ)蓄,而且房?jī)r(jià)上漲和股市創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的上漲,使他們的財(cái)富反而有所增加。

相比之下,最容易被裁員的,主要是那些低薪勞動(dòng)者、少數(shù)族裔和沒(méi)有接受過(guò)高等教育的勞動(dòng)者。而且很多職場(chǎng)女性不得不辭掉工作,去照顧孩子。

在拜登的救濟(jì)計(jì)劃出臺(tái)后,美國(guó)的失業(yè)救濟(jì)金每周又增加了300美元。假設(shè)你上一份工作的年收入不足32000美元,那么現(xiàn)在,你的失業(yè)救濟(jì)金比你之前工作的收入都要多。這樣一來(lái),美國(guó)至少有100萬(wàn)人會(huì)選擇繼續(xù)領(lǐng)救濟(jì)金,而不是找工作。另外,股價(jià)和房?jī)r(jià)的上漲,也可能導(dǎo)致120萬(wàn)美國(guó)中老年人選擇提前退休。

盡管如此,一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家指出,雇主們還是會(huì)提供更高的薪酬,以吸引更多的人回到就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:樸成奎

America’s employers added just 266,000 jobs last month, sharply lower than in March and a sign that some businesses are struggling to find enough workers as the economic recovery strengthens.

With viral cases declining and states and localities easing restrictions, businesses have added jobs for four straight months, the Labor Department said on May 7. Still, the unemployment rate ticked up to 6.1% from 6% in March.

At the same time, optimism about the economic recovery is growing. Many Americans are flush with cash after having received $1,400 federal relief checks, along with savings they have built up after cutting back on travel, entertainment and dining out over the past year. Millions of consumers have begun spending their extra cash on restaurant meals, airline tickets, road trips and new cars and homes.

Among industries, the sharpest loss last month was in temporary work, which shed 111,000 jobs. Construction companies added no jobs in April after having added 97,000 in March. Manufacturing lost 18,000 positions after hiring 54,000 the previous month. And transportation and warehousing cut 74,000 jobs after months of solid gains.

By contrast, restaurants, hotels, and entertainment venues—businesses that have complained the loudest about a shortage of workers—added 331,000 jobs in April, even more than their 206,000 increase in March.

In its monthly report on May 7, the government also sharply lowered its estimate of March’s job gain to 770,000 from its earlier estimate of 916,000.

Most economists expect job growth to strengthen as more vaccinations are administered and trillions in government aid spreads through the economy. Even if another uptick in COVID-19 cases were to occur, analysts don’t expect most states and cities to reimpose tough business restrictions. Oxford Economics, a consulting firm, predicts that a total of 8 million jobs will be added this year, reducing the unemployment rate to a low 4.3% by year’s end.

Still, the economic rebound has been so fast that many businesses, particularly in the hard-hit hospitality sector—which includes restaurants, bars and hotels—have been caught flat-footed and unable to fill all their job openings. Some unemployed people have also been reluctant to look for work because they fear catching the virus.

Others have entered new occupations rather than return to their old jobs. And many women, especially working mothers, have had to leave the workforce to care for children.

Most of the hiring so far represents a bounce-back after tens of millions of positions were lost when the pandemic flattened the economy 14 months ago. The economy remains more than 8 million jobs short of its pre-pandemic level.

The Biden administration’s $1.9 trillion rescue package, approved in early March, has helped maintain Americans’ incomes and purchasing power, much more so than in previous recessions. The economy expanded at a vigorous 6.4% annual rate in the first three months of the year. That pace could accelerate to as high as 13% in the April-June quarter, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.

One government report last week showed that wages and benefits rose at a solid pace in the first quarter, suggesting that some companies are having to pay more to attract and keep employees. In fact, the number of open jobs is now significantly above pre-pandemic levels, though the size of the labor force—the number of Americans either working or looking for work—is still smaller by about 4 million people.

In addition, the recovery remains sharply uneven: Most college-educated and white collar employees have been able to work from home over the past year. Many have not only built up savings but have also expanded their wealth as a result of rising home values and a record-setting stock market.

By contrast, job cuts have fallen heavily on low-wage workers, racial minorities and people without college educations. In addition, many women, especially working mothers, have had to leave the workforce to care for children.

Biden’s relief package also added $300 to weekly unemployment benefits. Meyer calculated that for people who earned under $32,000 a year at their previous job, current unemployment aid pays more than their former job did—a reality that could keep up to 1 million people out of the workforce. In addition, higher stock prices and home values might have led up to 1.2 million older Americans to retire earlier than they otherwise would have.

Still, some economists say employers will have to offer higher pay to draw more people back into the job market.

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