
美國(guó)歷來是創(chuàng)業(yè)者的機(jī)遇之地,在歷次工業(yè)和技術(shù)革命中引領(lǐng)全球。但過去十年間,這個(gè)國(guó)家卻向自己的創(chuàng)新引擎開戰(zhàn)。當(dāng)政客們宣稱要遏制科技巨頭不健康的壟斷霸權(quán)時(shí),卻以令人費(fèi)解的方式將最有能力打破壟斷的創(chuàng)業(yè)者們拒之門外——那些用區(qū)塊鏈和開源AI技術(shù)構(gòu)建去中心化替代方案的開發(fā)者們。
監(jiān)管者和政策制定者本應(yīng)培育創(chuàng)新力量,賦能個(gè)體,并重新分配被科技巨頭把控的權(quán)力,但他們卻未能善用令美國(guó)獨(dú)樹一幟的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力:技術(shù)積淀、創(chuàng)新活力和產(chǎn)業(yè)智慧。近十年來,無論共和黨還是民主黨執(zhí)政,都放任美國(guó)證券交易委員會(huì)(SEC)等監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)以執(zhí)法代替立法來管理加密行業(yè),更將眾多合法創(chuàng)業(yè)者污名化為洗錢者或毒販。
在AI領(lǐng)域,拜登政府向美國(guó)投資者釋放行業(yè)即將被政府接管的信號(hào),倉促出臺(tái)行政命令限制算力發(fā)展。這再次壓制了創(chuàng)新活力,反而讓科技巨頭坐收漁利。民主黨領(lǐng)袖還暗中授意金融機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)區(qū)塊鏈、人工智能等領(lǐng)域的數(shù)百位創(chuàng)業(yè)者實(shí)施金融封殺——這一系列事件被稱為“扼喉行動(dòng)2.0”。
具有諷刺意味的是,這些充滿敵意的舉措最終使五大科技公司進(jìn)一步鞏固了其作為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)守門人的地位,總市值膨脹至逾10萬億美元。如今,人工智能領(lǐng)域的最新沖擊波與股市震蕩表明:美國(guó)在前沿科技領(lǐng)域采取的懲罰性自毀政策正在引發(fā)即時(shí)反噬。
中國(guó)自主研發(fā)的開源AI模型深度求索(DeepSeek)的橫空出世,徹底打破了“美國(guó)企業(yè)在AI領(lǐng)域占據(jù)絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)”的固有認(rèn)知。這個(gè)模型以震撼業(yè)界的表現(xiàn)證明:將全國(guó)資源集中于少數(shù)擁有海量算力和數(shù)據(jù)的科技巨頭,并非贏得AI競(jìng)賽的制勝之道。事實(shí)證明,認(rèn)為科技巨頭的專有模型必然優(yōu)于開源模型、最終勝出的只有少數(shù)閉源巨頭的觀點(diǎn),實(shí)屬一廂情愿。
深度求索的案例顯示,僅需美國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手在AI訓(xùn)練上投入的零頭資金,無需承擔(dān)部署延遲或API調(diào)用限制,就能開發(fā)出頂尖模型。當(dāng)美國(guó)資本市場(chǎng)意識(shí)到,主導(dǎo)企業(yè)過度投資算力的低效模式正在被深度求索的高效路徑顛覆時(shí),震蕩已然顯現(xiàn)。這個(gè)中國(guó)模型的崛起,正是美國(guó)在去中心化與開源發(fā)展領(lǐng)域猶豫不決,將競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)拱手讓與國(guó)際對(duì)手的生動(dòng)寫照。
諷刺的是,美國(guó)在AI和加密貨幣領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)勢(shì)恰恰在于政策制定者在黑暗十年中試圖摧毀的東西:去中心化理念。隨著AI和區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,開源和去中心化已不僅僅是一種意識(shí)形態(tài),而是國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)必需品。
但十年間的恐慌已將一些最杰出的學(xué)術(shù)和技術(shù)人才推向海外,新加坡和薩爾瓦多等地區(qū)均推出了優(yōu)惠的監(jiān)管政策。甚至歐盟也領(lǐng)先于美國(guó),在加密貨幣監(jiān)管方面提供了明確的指導(dǎo),盡管政策存在爭(zhēng)議,但歐盟目前依舊領(lǐng)先。
幸運(yùn)的是,美國(guó)仍然有一些可靠的創(chuàng)業(yè)者,包括Web3人工智能初創(chuàng)公司Prime Intellect、Gensyn和Pluralis的創(chuàng)始人等,他們正推動(dòng)前瞻性的創(chuàng)新工作,在美國(guó)共享算力,共同開展AI模型訓(xùn)練。他們中的許多人正在將區(qū)塊鏈和AI相結(jié)合,形成快速增長(zhǎng)和強(qiáng)大的創(chuàng)新領(lǐng)域。這些建設(shè)者們通過提供開源的AI模型來維護(hù)一個(gè)自由民主的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境,他們實(shí)際上將AI模型作為一種公共產(chǎn)品,使人人都可以成為貢獻(xiàn)者和共同擁有者,所有人都有機(jī)會(huì)使用。美國(guó)的企業(yè)家們比以往任何時(shí)候都更需要全社會(huì)的鼓勵(lì)和可行政策的支持。
盡管美國(guó)政府自毀長(zhǎng)城的做法造成了傷害,美國(guó)在加密貨幣和AI發(fā)展道路上仍然有望世界領(lǐng)先。最近發(fā)布的行政命令,旨在增強(qiáng)國(guó)家在技術(shù)創(chuàng)新方面的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位,并保護(hù)公眾使用區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的權(quán)利,這讓人們看到了希望。同時(shí),新的證券交易委員會(huì)加密貨幣特別工作組旨在首次制定監(jiān)管指南,賦予創(chuàng)始人們創(chuàng)建去中心化技術(shù)的能力,無需擔(dān)心遭到迫害。
從根本上說,美國(guó)已經(jīng)擁有創(chuàng)新的基礎(chǔ):這里有世界一流的大學(xué),渴望投資顛覆性項(xiàng)目的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本,以及一個(gè)能夠厘清知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)在AI時(shí)代的作用、促進(jìn)企業(yè)增長(zhǎng)的法律體系——前提是該體系不被濫用來迫害企業(yè)家。問題不在于缺乏潛力。
美國(guó)必須拋開過去十年的傲慢。美國(guó)人不能固守技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)是歷史遺產(chǎn)這種觀念,而是必須追求創(chuàng)新。如果美國(guó)繼續(xù)以發(fā)號(hào)施令的姿態(tài)行事,而其他國(guó)家可以自由發(fā)展,那么美國(guó)不僅將在AI領(lǐng)域落后,還將在所有新興領(lǐng)域中被超越。AI、區(qū)塊鏈和其他前沿技術(shù)仍處于起步階段;通過更多支持性的監(jiān)管措施,美國(guó)可以重新成為無可爭(zhēng)議的科技領(lǐng)袖。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
本文作者杰克·布魯克曼現(xiàn)任美國(guó)經(jīng)營(yíng)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的加密貨幣投資公司之一CoinFund的創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官。
Fortune.com上發(fā)表的評(píng)論文章中表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn),僅代表作者本人的觀點(diǎn),不代表《財(cái)富》雜志的觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng)。
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
美國(guó)歷來是創(chuàng)業(yè)者的機(jī)遇之地,在歷次工業(yè)和技術(shù)革命中引領(lǐng)全球。但過去十年間,這個(gè)國(guó)家卻向自己的創(chuàng)新引擎開戰(zhàn)。當(dāng)政客們宣稱要遏制科技巨頭不健康的壟斷霸權(quán)時(shí),卻以令人費(fèi)解的方式將最有能力打破壟斷的創(chuàng)業(yè)者們拒之門外——那些用區(qū)塊鏈和開源AI技術(shù)構(gòu)建去中心化替代方案的開發(fā)者們。
監(jiān)管者和政策制定者本應(yīng)培育創(chuàng)新力量,賦能個(gè)體,并重新分配被科技巨頭把控的權(quán)力,但他們卻未能善用令美國(guó)獨(dú)樹一幟的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力:技術(shù)積淀、創(chuàng)新活力和產(chǎn)業(yè)智慧。近十年來,無論共和黨還是民主黨執(zhí)政,都放任美國(guó)證券交易委員會(huì)(SEC)等監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)以執(zhí)法代替立法來管理加密行業(yè),更將眾多合法創(chuàng)業(yè)者污名化為洗錢者或毒販。
在AI領(lǐng)域,拜登政府向美國(guó)投資者釋放行業(yè)即將被政府接管的信號(hào),倉促出臺(tái)行政命令限制算力發(fā)展。這再次壓制了創(chuàng)新活力,反而讓科技巨頭坐收漁利。民主黨領(lǐng)袖還暗中授意金融機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)區(qū)塊鏈、人工智能等領(lǐng)域的數(shù)百位創(chuàng)業(yè)者實(shí)施金融封殺——這一系列事件被稱為“扼喉行動(dòng)2.0”。
具有諷刺意味的是,這些充滿敵意的舉措最終使五大科技公司進(jìn)一步鞏固了其作為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)守門人的地位,總市值膨脹至逾10萬億美元。如今,人工智能領(lǐng)域的最新沖擊波與股市震蕩表明:美國(guó)在前沿科技領(lǐng)域采取的懲罰性自毀政策正在引發(fā)即時(shí)反噬。
中國(guó)自主研發(fā)的開源AI模型深度求索(DeepSeek)的橫空出世,徹底打破了“美國(guó)企業(yè)在AI領(lǐng)域占據(jù)絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)”的固有認(rèn)知。這個(gè)模型以震撼業(yè)界的表現(xiàn)證明:將全國(guó)資源集中于少數(shù)擁有海量算力和數(shù)據(jù)的科技巨頭,并非贏得AI競(jìng)賽的制勝之道。事實(shí)證明,認(rèn)為科技巨頭的專有模型必然優(yōu)于開源模型、最終勝出的只有少數(shù)閉源巨頭的觀點(diǎn),實(shí)屬一廂情愿。
深度求索的案例顯示,僅需美國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手在AI訓(xùn)練上投入的零頭資金,無需承擔(dān)部署延遲或API調(diào)用限制,就能開發(fā)出頂尖模型。當(dāng)美國(guó)資本市場(chǎng)意識(shí)到,主導(dǎo)企業(yè)過度投資算力的低效模式正在被深度求索的高效路徑顛覆時(shí),震蕩已然顯現(xiàn)。這個(gè)中國(guó)模型的崛起,正是美國(guó)在去中心化與開源發(fā)展領(lǐng)域猶豫不決,將競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)拱手讓與國(guó)際對(duì)手的生動(dòng)寫照。
諷刺的是,美國(guó)在AI和加密貨幣領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)勢(shì)恰恰在于政策制定者在黑暗十年中試圖摧毀的東西:去中心化理念。隨著AI和區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,開源和去中心化已不僅僅是一種意識(shí)形態(tài),而是國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)必需品。
但十年間的恐慌已將一些最杰出的學(xué)術(shù)和技術(shù)人才推向海外,新加坡和薩爾瓦多等地區(qū)均推出了優(yōu)惠的監(jiān)管政策。甚至歐盟也領(lǐng)先于美國(guó),在加密貨幣監(jiān)管方面提供了明確的指導(dǎo),盡管政策存在爭(zhēng)議,但歐盟目前依舊領(lǐng)先。
幸運(yùn)的是,美國(guó)仍然有一些可靠的創(chuàng)業(yè)者,包括Web3人工智能初創(chuàng)公司Prime Intellect、Gensyn和Pluralis的創(chuàng)始人等,他們正推動(dòng)前瞻性的創(chuàng)新工作,在美國(guó)共享算力,共同開展AI模型訓(xùn)練。他們中的許多人正在將區(qū)塊鏈和AI相結(jié)合,形成快速增長(zhǎng)和強(qiáng)大的創(chuàng)新領(lǐng)域。這些建設(shè)者們通過提供開源的AI模型來維護(hù)一個(gè)自由民主的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境,他們實(shí)際上將AI模型作為一種公共產(chǎn)品,使人人都可以成為貢獻(xiàn)者和共同擁有者,所有人都有機(jī)會(huì)使用。美國(guó)的企業(yè)家們比以往任何時(shí)候都更需要全社會(huì)的鼓勵(lì)和可行政策的支持。
盡管美國(guó)政府自毀長(zhǎng)城的做法造成了傷害,美國(guó)在加密貨幣和AI發(fā)展道路上仍然有望世界領(lǐng)先。最近發(fā)布的行政命令,旨在增強(qiáng)國(guó)家在技術(shù)創(chuàng)新方面的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位,并保護(hù)公眾使用區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的權(quán)利,這讓人們看到了希望。同時(shí),新的證券交易委員會(huì)加密貨幣特別工作組旨在首次制定監(jiān)管指南,賦予創(chuàng)始人們創(chuàng)建去中心化技術(shù)的能力,無需擔(dān)心遭到迫害。
從根本上說,美國(guó)已經(jīng)擁有創(chuàng)新的基礎(chǔ):這里有世界一流的大學(xué),渴望投資顛覆性項(xiàng)目的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本,以及一個(gè)能夠厘清知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)在AI時(shí)代的作用、促進(jìn)企業(yè)增長(zhǎng)的法律體系——前提是該體系不被濫用來迫害企業(yè)家。問題不在于缺乏潛力。
美國(guó)必須拋開過去十年的傲慢。美國(guó)人不能固守技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)是歷史遺產(chǎn)這種觀念,而是必須追求創(chuàng)新。如果美國(guó)繼續(xù)以發(fā)號(hào)施令的姿態(tài)行事,而其他國(guó)家可以自由發(fā)展,那么美國(guó)不僅將在AI領(lǐng)域落后,還將在所有新興領(lǐng)域中被超越。AI、區(qū)塊鏈和其他前沿技術(shù)仍處于起步階段;通過更多支持性的監(jiān)管措施,美國(guó)可以重新成為無可爭(zhēng)議的科技領(lǐng)袖。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
本文作者杰克·布魯克曼現(xiàn)任美國(guó)經(jīng)營(yíng)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的加密貨幣投資公司之一CoinFund的創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官。
Fortune.com上發(fā)表的評(píng)論文章中表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn),僅代表作者本人的觀點(diǎn),不代表《財(cái)富》雜志的觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng)。
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
America has always been a land of opportunity for entrepreneurs, leading the planet in industrial and technological revolutions. Yet, for the past decade, America has gone to war with its own innovation sector. Even as the country’s politicians stated they would take on the unhealthy dominance of Big Tech companies, they inexplicably froze out the entrepreneurs best positioned to counteract that dominance: the developers building decentralized alternatives with blockchain and open[1] AI technology.
Instead of nurturing innovation to empower individuals and redistribute power away from Big Tech companies, regulators and policymakers have failed to embrace the distinct edge – its technological heritage, dynamism, and ingenuity – that makes America unique. For almost a decade, both Republican and Democrat administrations allowed the SEC and other regulators to manage the crypto sector by enforcement actions instead of rulemaking, while also smearing many legitimate American entrepreneurs as money launderers or drug traffickers.
On the AI front, the Biden administration told American investors the sector would soon be under government control, and hastily pushed out executive orders limiting computational power. This served, once again, to stifle innovation and enrich large companies. Democratic Party leaders also quietly deployed agencies to debank hundreds of founders in blockchain, artificial intelligence and and other tech fields—a sequence of events known as Operation Chokepoint 2.0.
Ironically, the upshot of this flurry of hostile actions has been to further entrench the five biggest tech corporations as gatekeepers of the Web, and swell to a combined market value of more than $10 trillion. Now, as the latest shockwave in AI and crashing stock markets demonstrate: America’s punitive and self-defeating stance on frontier technology is backfiring in real time.
The recent arrival of DeepSeek—an open-source AI model fully developed in China – has shaken the comforting narrative that U.S. companies clearly held the upper hand in AI. Now, DeepSeek’s shocking accomplishments have upended the assumption that America can win the AI game by throwing all of the country’s resources behind a handful of compute-rich, data-wielding tech giants. It turns out it was naive to assume Big Tech will always have better AI models than its open-source counterparts, and that only a small number of monolithic, proprietary models will win.
Instead, DeepSeek shows it’s possible to launch a cutting edge model for a fraction of what its American competitors have spent on AI training, and without deployment delays or API rate limits. As a result, the U.S. equity markets—understanding DeepSeek’s efficiency as an over-investment in compute and inefficient approach by dominant players—are feeling the strain. DeepSeek’s emergence is a direct reflection of how America’s hesitance to embrace decentralized and open-source development is ceding ground to international rivals.
Ironically, America’s strength in AI and crypto lies in the very thing that policymakers have sought to dismantle in America’s dark decade: its decentralized ethos. As AI and blockchain technology continue to evolve, it’s become clear that open source and decentralization are more than an ideology– they are an economic necessity for our country.
A decade of fear has pushed some of the brightest academic and technical minds overseas, where jurisdictions like Singapore and El Salvador have rolled out regulatory red carpets. Even the EU beat the U.S. to regulatory clarity for crypto, and continues to lead today, albeit with questionable policy.
Fortunately, there are still credible founders—including those of web3 AI startups Prime Intellect, Gensyn, and Pluralis – in the U.S. driving visionary work to share compute power and distribute AI model training. Many of them are combining blockchains and AI into a fast-growing and formidable area of innovation. These builders are fighting to preserve a free and democratic internet by offering open-sourced AI models that anyone can contribute to, co-own, and use – effectively offering AI as a public good. America’s entrepreneurs need our encouragement and workable policy more than ever before.
Despite the self-inflicted wounds, the United States can still emerge as a world leader when it comes to crypto and AI development. One hopeful sign is a recent Executive Order that aims to bolster the nation’s leadership in technological innovation and preserve the public’s right to use blockchain technology. Meanwhile, a new SEC Task Force for crypto aims to establish regulatory guidelines for the first time that will empower founders to build decentralized tech without the fear of persecution.
At our core, the foundation for innovation is still right here in the U.S.: world-class universities, venture capital eager to deploy capital into game-changing projects, and a legal system that, when not weaponized against entrepreneurs, distills the role of intellectual property in an AI-enabled world and fosters business growth. The problem isn’t the lack of potential.
The hubris of the past decade must be set aside. America cannot merely cling to the notion that technological supremacy is our heritage; it must actually innovate. If our country continues to dictate terms while the rest of the world moves forward freely, it will find itself outpaced not just in AI but in every emerging field. AI, blockchain, and other frontier technologies are still in their infancy; with a more supportive regulatory approach, America could reclaim its position as the undisputed leader.
Jake Brukhman is Founder and CEO of CoinFund, one of the world’s longest-tenured cryptonative investment firms. The opinions expressed in Fortune.com commentary pieces are solely the views of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions and beliefs of Fortune.