在過(guò)去的一年里,人工智能既成為了華爾街的流行語(yǔ),也引發(fā)了廣泛的生存擔(dān)憂——但傳奇投資者瑞·達(dá)利歐表示,人工智能帶來(lái)的好處可能“令人瞠目結(jié)舌”。
達(dá)利歐在20世紀(jì)70年代創(chuàng)立了橋水基金(Bridgewater Associates),并將其打造成了全球最大的對(duì)沖基金。9月14日,他在米爾肯研究所(Milken Institute)的亞洲峰會(huì)(Asia Summit)上說(shuō),世界正處于形形色色“巨大顛覆”的風(fēng)口浪尖。
他列舉了五個(gè)“我們這個(gè)時(shí)代面臨的問(wèn)題”,并認(rèn)為,這些問(wèn)題將相互作用并改變世界的運(yùn)作方式:前所未有的債務(wù)、美國(guó)等國(guó)家的內(nèi)部政治沖突、不斷變化的世界秩序、氣候變化和技術(shù)突破。
當(dāng)談到技術(shù)突破時(shí),達(dá)利歐指出,人工智能將成為重要的變革力量,并將其描述為“像核能一樣,只是更為強(qiáng)大”。
他預(yù)測(cè):“就生產(chǎn)力而言,這可能會(huì)令人瞠目結(jié)舌。將會(huì)出現(xiàn)人工智能機(jī)器人——你幾乎是在造人(媲美人類(lèi))。如果管理得當(dāng),我認(rèn)為工作周可能就會(huì)縮短。也許……會(huì)變成每周工作三天左右?!?/p>
然而,達(dá)利歐警告道,除非采取干預(yù)措施,否則社會(huì)上就只有一部分人會(huì)看到這些變化帶來(lái)的好處。
他說(shuō):“問(wèn)題將是關(guān)于做什么和怎么做的爭(zhēng)論?!彼赋?,隨著人工智能擾亂就業(yè)市場(chǎng),一些員工會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在新經(jīng)濟(jì)中幾乎沒(méi)有用武之地,而另一些員工仍然將“兢兢業(yè)業(yè)地工作”。
“這將對(duì)財(cái)富產(chǎn)生巨大影響?!边_(dá)利歐表示。
自從OpenAI的生成式人工智能聊天機(jī)器人ChatGPT異軍突起以來(lái),數(shù)十億美元已經(jīng)投入到人工智能開(kāi)發(fā)中。然而,人工智能的蓬勃發(fā)展也引發(fā)了警告:數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的員工可能會(huì)被機(jī)器取代,這可能會(huì)提升企業(yè)收益,但也會(huì)擴(kuò)大貧富差距。
需要政策制定者加大關(guān)注
達(dá)利歐于兩周前在米爾肯研究所的活動(dòng)上稱(chēng),參與人工智能實(shí)施的政策制定者和其他利益相關(guān)者需要注意,這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的潛在好處并不會(huì)加劇不平等。
他說(shuō):“在生產(chǎn)力[帶來(lái)的好處]方面,必須就如何分享這些好處做出決定。”
達(dá)利歐表示,需要進(jìn)行改革,以確保財(cái)富不平等不會(huì)因?yàn)樗羞@些迫在眉睫的社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩而加劇。然而,他似乎沒(méi)有信心在目前的政治環(huán)境下實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。
達(dá)利歐認(rèn)為:“只有一種前景:必須有強(qiáng)大的中間派,最好是強(qiáng)大中間派的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者??偨y(tǒng)應(yīng)該成立兩黨內(nèi)閣。然后需要進(jìn)行重大改革:對(duì)制度進(jìn)行改革,使其對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)是富有成效的?!?/p>
他補(bǔ)充道,應(yīng)該實(shí)施“相當(dāng)于兩黨合作的曼哈頓計(jì)劃(Manhattan Project)”——第二次世界大戰(zhàn)(World War II)時(shí)期的秘密計(jì)劃,見(jiàn)證了世界上第一顆原子彈的研發(fā)——以提出改革方案。
達(dá)利歐說(shuō):“這是兩黨合作的成果,因此,可能獲得批準(zhǔn)。現(xiàn)在這一切都不太可能,因?yàn)椋绹?guó))兩黨合作實(shí)際上是各階層民眾為自己而戰(zhàn),而且會(huì)不惜一切代價(jià)取得勝利。實(shí)際上不會(huì)有贏家,因?yàn)橐环綗o(wú)法擊敗另一方?!?/p>
投資者如何做好準(zhǔn)備?
當(dāng)被問(wèn)及投資者如何為世界秩序的變化(包括人工智能帶來(lái)的影響)做好準(zhǔn)備時(shí),達(dá)利歐表示,重要的是要將目光投向直接影響這一轉(zhuǎn)變的公司之外。
“有了新技術(shù)加持,就像穿越了時(shí)空隧道。我們將進(jìn)入不同的世界,曾經(jīng)的顛覆者將被別人顛覆?!彼f(shuō),“我不需要挑選那些創(chuàng)造新技術(shù)的人。我需要挑選那些以最佳方式使用新技術(shù)的人?!?/p>
達(dá)利歐補(bǔ)充道,由于債務(wù)供需的不確定性,他不想“持有債務(wù)、債券和相關(guān)資產(chǎn)”。
達(dá)利歐認(rèn)為,“就目前而言(暫時(shí))”,現(xiàn)金是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇,但他指出:“鑒于我們正在討論的問(wèn)題,我認(rèn)為這不會(huì)持續(xù)下去?!?/p>
這位對(duì)沖基金投資人的凈資產(chǎn)約為165億美元,達(dá)利歐于2017年辭去橋水基金的聯(lián)席首席執(zhí)行官一職,并在去年完全放棄了對(duì)公司的控制權(quán)。
橋水基金是達(dá)利歐在其紐約市公寓里創(chuàng)立的著名公司,該公司管理著價(jià)值超過(guò)1,200億美元的資產(chǎn)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
在過(guò)去的一年里,人工智能既成為了華爾街的流行語(yǔ),也引發(fā)了廣泛的生存擔(dān)憂——但傳奇投資者瑞·達(dá)利歐表示,人工智能帶來(lái)的好處可能“令人瞠目結(jié)舌”。
達(dá)利歐在20世紀(jì)70年代創(chuàng)立了橋水基金(Bridgewater Associates),并將其打造成了全球最大的對(duì)沖基金。9月14日,他在米爾肯研究所(Milken Institute)的亞洲峰會(huì)(Asia Summit)上說(shuō),世界正處于形形色色“巨大顛覆”的風(fēng)口浪尖。
他列舉了五個(gè)“我們這個(gè)時(shí)代面臨的問(wèn)題”,并認(rèn)為,這些問(wèn)題將相互作用并改變世界的運(yùn)作方式:前所未有的債務(wù)、美國(guó)等國(guó)家的內(nèi)部政治沖突、不斷變化的世界秩序、氣候變化和技術(shù)突破。
當(dāng)談到技術(shù)突破時(shí),達(dá)利歐指出,人工智能將成為重要的變革力量,并將其描述為“像核能一樣,只是更為強(qiáng)大”。
他預(yù)測(cè):“就生產(chǎn)力而言,這可能會(huì)令人瞠目結(jié)舌。將會(huì)出現(xiàn)人工智能機(jī)器人——你幾乎是在造人(媲美人類(lèi))。如果管理得當(dāng),我認(rèn)為工作周可能就會(huì)縮短。也許……會(huì)變成每周工作三天左右?!?/p>
然而,達(dá)利歐警告道,除非采取干預(yù)措施,否則社會(huì)上就只有一部分人會(huì)看到這些變化帶來(lái)的好處。
他說(shuō):“問(wèn)題將是關(guān)于做什么和怎么做的爭(zhēng)論?!彼赋觯S著人工智能擾亂就業(yè)市場(chǎng),一些員工會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在新經(jīng)濟(jì)中幾乎沒(méi)有用武之地,而另一些員工仍然將“兢兢業(yè)業(yè)地工作”。
“這將對(duì)財(cái)富產(chǎn)生巨大影響?!边_(dá)利歐表示。
自從OpenAI的生成式人工智能聊天機(jī)器人ChatGPT異軍突起以來(lái),數(shù)十億美元已經(jīng)投入到人工智能開(kāi)發(fā)中。然而,人工智能的蓬勃發(fā)展也引發(fā)了警告:數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的員工可能會(huì)被機(jī)器取代,這可能會(huì)提升企業(yè)收益,但也會(huì)擴(kuò)大貧富差距。
需要政策制定者加大關(guān)注
達(dá)利歐于兩周前在米爾肯研究所的活動(dòng)上稱(chēng),參與人工智能實(shí)施的政策制定者和其他利益相關(guān)者需要注意,這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的潛在好處并不會(huì)加劇不平等。
他說(shuō):“在生產(chǎn)力[帶來(lái)的好處]方面,必須就如何分享這些好處做出決定?!?/p>
達(dá)利歐表示,需要進(jìn)行改革,以確保財(cái)富不平等不會(huì)因?yàn)樗羞@些迫在眉睫的社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩而加劇。然而,他似乎沒(méi)有信心在目前的政治環(huán)境下實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。
達(dá)利歐認(rèn)為:“只有一種前景:必須有強(qiáng)大的中間派,最好是強(qiáng)大中間派的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者??偨y(tǒng)應(yīng)該成立兩黨內(nèi)閣。然后需要進(jìn)行重大改革:對(duì)制度進(jìn)行改革,使其對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)是富有成效的?!?/p>
他補(bǔ)充道,應(yīng)該實(shí)施“相當(dāng)于兩黨合作的曼哈頓計(jì)劃(Manhattan Project)”——第二次世界大戰(zhàn)(World War II)時(shí)期的秘密計(jì)劃,見(jiàn)證了世界上第一顆原子彈的研發(fā)——以提出改革方案。
達(dá)利歐說(shuō):“這是兩黨合作的成果,因此,可能獲得批準(zhǔn)?,F(xiàn)在這一切都不太可能,因?yàn)椋绹?guó))兩黨合作實(shí)際上是各階層民眾為自己而戰(zhàn),而且會(huì)不惜一切代價(jià)取得勝利。實(shí)際上不會(huì)有贏家,因?yàn)橐环綗o(wú)法擊敗另一方。”
投資者如何做好準(zhǔn)備?
當(dāng)被問(wèn)及投資者如何為世界秩序的變化(包括人工智能帶來(lái)的影響)做好準(zhǔn)備時(shí),達(dá)利歐表示,重要的是要將目光投向直接影響這一轉(zhuǎn)變的公司之外。
“有了新技術(shù)加持,就像穿越了時(shí)空隧道。我們將進(jìn)入不同的世界,曾經(jīng)的顛覆者將被別人顛覆?!彼f(shuō),“我不需要挑選那些創(chuàng)造新技術(shù)的人。我需要挑選那些以最佳方式使用新技術(shù)的人?!?/p>
達(dá)利歐補(bǔ)充道,由于債務(wù)供需的不確定性,他不想“持有債務(wù)、債券和相關(guān)資產(chǎn)”。
達(dá)利歐認(rèn)為,“就目前而言(暫時(shí))”,現(xiàn)金是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇,但他指出:“鑒于我們正在討論的問(wèn)題,我認(rèn)為這不會(huì)持續(xù)下去。”
這位對(duì)沖基金投資人的凈資產(chǎn)約為165億美元,達(dá)利歐于2017年辭去橋水基金的聯(lián)席首席執(zhí)行官一職,并在去年完全放棄了對(duì)公司的控制權(quán)。
橋水基金是達(dá)利歐在其紐約市公寓里創(chuàng)立的著名公司,該公司管理著價(jià)值超過(guò)1,200億美元的資產(chǎn)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
AI has become both a Wall Street buzzword and a source of widespread existential fears over the last year—but its benefits could be “mind blowing,” according to legendary investor Ray Dalio.
Dalio—who founded Bridgewater Associates in the 1970s and built it into the world’s biggest hedge fund—said at the Milken Institute’s Asia Summit on September 14 that the world was on the cusp of various “great disruptions.”
He named five “issues of our time” that, he argued, were set to interact and transform the way the world works: unprecedented debt creation, internal political conflict in countries like the U.S., the changing world order, climate change and technological breakthroughs.
When it came to the latter of those “forces,” AI was going to be a major transformative power, according to Dalio, who described the technology as “l(fā)ike nuclear, just more powerful.”
“In terms of productivity, it could be mind-blowing,” he predicted. “There are going to be robots with AI – you’re making people, almost. If it’s managed well, I think that the workweek could lessen. Maybe … the workweek goes to a three-day workweek or so.”
However, he warned that unless interventions were made, only a proportion of society would see the benefits of those changes.
“The issue is going to be an argument about what to do and how to do it,” he said, noting that as AI disrupts the jobs market some workers will find themselves with little or no usefulness in the new economy while others will still be “diligently at it.”
“There’ll be these big, huge wealth implications [of that],” he said.
Since the phenomenal rise of OpenAI’s generative AI chatbot ChatGPT, billions of dollars have been poured into the development of artificial intelligence. However, the AI boom has prompted warnings that millions of workers could be displaced by machines, potentially boosting corporate earnings but widening the wealth gap.
Mindful policymakers needed
Policymakers and other stakeholders involved in the implementation of AI needed to be mindful that the technology’s potential benefits don’t exacerbate inequality, Dalio argued during the Milken Institute event two weeks ago.
“With the productivity [benefits] there have to be decisions made around how that will be shared,” he said.
Dalio said reforms were needed to ensure wealth inequality was not exacerbated by all of the looming societal disruptions. However, he did not appear confident that this could be achieved in the current political climate.
“There’s only one prospect for this: there must be a strong middle, and ideally a leader of a strong middle,” he argued. “There should be a president that has a bipartisan cabinet. And then there needs to be great reform, reform of the system that would make it productive for most people.”
He added that there should be “an equivalent of a bipartisan Manhattan Project”—the secretive World War II era project that saw the development of the world’s first atom bomb—to come up with a reformation plan.
“Because it’s bipartisan then they may be able to get it through,” he said. “Right now all of that’s unlikely, because [America’s] bipartisanship really is segments of the population fighting for them[selves] and it’s a win at all cost. And there will be no winner, really, because one side cannot beat the other side.”
How can investors prepare?
Asked about how investors could prepare for a change in the world order, including the impact of AI, Dalio said it was important to look beyond the companies directly influencing the shift.
“With the new technologies it’s like going through a time warp. We’re going to be in a different world, and the disruptors will be disrupted,” he said. “I don’t need to pick those who are creating the new technologies. I need to really pick those who are using the new technologies in the best possible way.”
He added that because of uncertainty around the supply and demand of debt, he didn’t want “to own debt, bonds and those kinds of things.”
“Temporarily right now,” cash is a good place to be, Dalio argued, but he noted: “I don’t think it’ll be sustained because of the issues we’re talking about.”
The hedge funder, who has an estimated net worth of $16.5 billion, stepped down as Bridgewater co-CEO in 2017, and fully ceded control of the company last year.
Bridgewater, which Dalio famously set up from his New York City apartment, manages assets worth more than $120 billion.