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人工智能革命也將是一場性別革命

GRACE LORDAN
2023-09-02

這項顛覆性技術(shù)將重新評估女性的技能。

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隨著人工智能的迅猛發(fā)展,越來越多的危言聳聽者預(yù)測它會淘汰無數(shù)的工作崗位。不可否認,企業(yè)最近通過人工智能簡化運營,為勞動力市場描繪了一幅嚴峻的圖景。僅在2022年,大型科技公司就裁員超過15萬人,高盛集團預(yù)測,人工智能最終將導(dǎo)致3億個工作崗位淘汰或降級。然而,盡管關(guān)于人工智能導(dǎo)致專業(yè)技能貶值的危險的描述精細入微且駭人聽聞,但人們卻很少關(guān)注這種劇變將帶來的同等重要的職業(yè)機會。

對國際勞動力數(shù)據(jù)的分析表明,需要抽象思維和人際交往能力的工作最不可能受到人工智能的威脅。在人工智能削弱現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品的情況下,企業(yè)要保持競爭力,未來創(chuàng)新型員工就將成為開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品、新服務(wù),并創(chuàng)建新收入來源的關(guān)鍵。同樣重要的是,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者要有同理心,能夠培養(yǎng)特定職場文化,讓這些創(chuàng)新型員工脫穎而出。

顯而易見的是,這些軟技能包含了傳統(tǒng)上被定性為“女性化”的特質(zhì)。除了笨手笨腳這一刻板印象之外,勞動力市場統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)和學(xué)術(shù)研究都充分證明了女性與特定職業(yè)特征之間的聯(lián)系。事實上,女孩從小就比男孩更喜歡腦力勞動和與人打交道較多的工作。這一趨勢一直延續(xù)到職場,美國和英國的就業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,女性選擇面向客戶的工作的可能性分別比男性高出31%和57%。

因此,人工智能將為這些工作帶來的優(yōu)勢有望在更多方面撼動勞動力市場。不僅在工作類型和數(shù)量上,勞動力市場將發(fā)生巨大變化,而且我們還將看到更多女性擔(dān)任高級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職務(wù)。傳統(tǒng)上與女性相關(guān)的技能對于確保人類與人工智能協(xié)同合作取得成功越來越重要,這一巨大變化為企業(yè)提供了強有力的激勵,促使它們致力于提高女性比例,從而實現(xiàn)互利共贏。

與任何顛覆性技術(shù)的引入一樣,人工智能革命將帶來競爭激烈、贏家通吃的經(jīng)濟環(huán)境,并將重獎"超級明星"企業(yè)。要想在其中分一杯羹,企業(yè)必須培養(yǎng)讓多元化的員工隊伍相互競爭從而實現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新的文化。此前,亞馬遜(Amazon)等公司將這種動態(tài)解釋為高度個人主義和銳氣旺盛。然而,通過這種有毒戰(zhàn)略取得的任何成功都是有代價的:員工隊伍文化單一、創(chuàng)新有限和令人瞠目的員工流失率。2020 年,亞馬遜的高級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團隊中僅有3名女性,而男性則有19名。去年有消息稱,亞馬遜的年度員工流失率高達150%。在計算錯失通過新視角顛覆市場的機會所造成的損失之前,僅這一驚人的流失率每年就會給股東造成80億美元的損失。

為了實現(xiàn)更可持續(xù)增長,創(chuàng)新必須建立在合作共贏的愿景之上,而不是殘酷的競爭或部落主義。必須由富有同理心的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者來推動這種包容性的動態(tài)向前發(fā)展,他們要鼓勵企業(yè)內(nèi)多元化員工——也可能是持不同意見的員工——進行公開對話,積極消除確認偏誤,助力實現(xiàn)靈活決策。顛覆性技術(shù)要求企業(yè)采取同樣激進的態(tài)度,因此,試圖通過尋求有偏見的證據(jù)來證明維持現(xiàn)狀是合理的做法,有著致命的誘惑力。

倡導(dǎo)創(chuàng)新型和支持型文化的理由比以往任何時候都更有說服力。這種包容性的創(chuàng)新模式將使女性受益:女性通常會因為表現(xiàn)出與男性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者同樣的自信而受到懲罰,而男性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的這種自信被稱贊為“勇氣可嘉”和“標(biāo)新立異”。隨著企業(yè)通過加薪和升職來獎勵和激勵具有同理心的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,女性終于可以因其傳統(tǒng)上被視為弱點的特質(zhì)(晉升的障礙)而獲得獎勵。

新的自動化工作場所將是為女性賦能并給予獎勵的場所,這是一項日益緊迫的企業(yè)績效戰(zhàn)略。早在2019年,麥肯錫(McKinsey)的分析就發(fā)現(xiàn),高管團隊性別多樣性排名前25%的公司的盈利能力高于平均水平的可能性比排名后25%的公司高25%。隨著人工智能改變企業(yè)的運營方式,這種差距只會變得更加明顯。

我們必須重新認識人工智能對勞動力市場的重構(gòu),而不是將其視為大規(guī)模裁員的末日情景,并以此為契機,最終兌現(xiàn)企業(yè)的多元化承諾,進而實現(xiàn)盈利。對于成功的企業(yè)來說,現(xiàn)在比以往任何時候都更需要女性主義。(財富中文網(wǎng))

格蕾絲·洛丹(Grace Lordan)博士是倫敦經(jīng)濟學(xué)院(London School of Economics)行為科學(xué)副教授,也是“包容性倡議”( The Inclusion Initiative)的創(chuàng)始董事。

Fortune.com上發(fā)表的評論文章中表達的觀點,僅代表作者本人的觀點,不代表《財富》雜志的觀點和立場。

譯者:中慧言-王芳

隨著人工智能的迅猛發(fā)展,越來越多的危言聳聽者預(yù)測它會淘汰無數(shù)的工作崗位。不可否認,企業(yè)最近通過人工智能簡化運營,為勞動力市場描繪了一幅嚴峻的圖景。僅在2022年,大型科技公司就裁員超過15萬人,高盛集團預(yù)測,人工智能最終將導(dǎo)致3億個工作崗位淘汰或降級。然而,盡管關(guān)于人工智能導(dǎo)致專業(yè)技能貶值的危險的描述精細入微且駭人聽聞,但人們卻很少關(guān)注這種劇變將帶來的同等重要的職業(yè)機會。

對國際勞動力數(shù)據(jù)的分析表明,需要抽象思維和人際交往能力的工作最不可能受到人工智能的威脅。在人工智能削弱現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品的情況下,企業(yè)要保持競爭力,未來創(chuàng)新型員工就將成為開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品、新服務(wù),并創(chuàng)建新收入來源的關(guān)鍵。同樣重要的是,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者要有同理心,能夠培養(yǎng)特定職場文化,讓這些創(chuàng)新型員工脫穎而出。

顯而易見的是,這些軟技能包含了傳統(tǒng)上被定性為“女性化”的特質(zhì)。除了笨手笨腳這一刻板印象之外,勞動力市場統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)和學(xué)術(shù)研究都充分證明了女性與特定職業(yè)特征之間的聯(lián)系。事實上,女孩從小就比男孩更喜歡腦力勞動和與人打交道較多的工作。這一趨勢一直延續(xù)到職場,美國和英國的就業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,女性選擇面向客戶的工作的可能性分別比男性高出31%和57%。

因此,人工智能將為這些工作帶來的優(yōu)勢有望在更多方面撼動勞動力市場。不僅在工作類型和數(shù)量上,勞動力市場將發(fā)生巨大變化,而且我們還將看到更多女性擔(dān)任高級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職務(wù)。傳統(tǒng)上與女性相關(guān)的技能對于確保人類與人工智能協(xié)同合作取得成功越來越重要,這一巨大變化為企業(yè)提供了強有力的激勵,促使它們致力于提高女性比例,從而實現(xiàn)互利共贏。

與任何顛覆性技術(shù)的引入一樣,人工智能革命將帶來競爭激烈、贏家通吃的經(jīng)濟環(huán)境,并將重獎"超級明星"企業(yè)。要想在其中分一杯羹,企業(yè)必須培養(yǎng)讓多元化的員工隊伍相互競爭從而實現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新的文化。此前,亞馬遜(Amazon)等公司將這種動態(tài)解釋為高度個人主義和銳氣旺盛。然而,通過這種有毒戰(zhàn)略取得的任何成功都是有代價的:員工隊伍文化單一、創(chuàng)新有限和令人瞠目的員工流失率。2020 年,亞馬遜的高級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團隊中僅有3名女性,而男性則有19名。去年有消息稱,亞馬遜的年度員工流失率高達150%。在計算錯失通過新視角顛覆市場的機會所造成的損失之前,僅這一驚人的流失率每年就會給股東造成80億美元的損失。

為了實現(xiàn)更可持續(xù)增長,創(chuàng)新必須建立在合作共贏的愿景之上,而不是殘酷的競爭或部落主義。必須由富有同理心的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者來推動這種包容性的動態(tài)向前發(fā)展,他們要鼓勵企業(yè)內(nèi)多元化員工——也可能是持不同意見的員工——進行公開對話,積極消除確認偏誤,助力實現(xiàn)靈活決策。顛覆性技術(shù)要求企業(yè)采取同樣激進的態(tài)度,因此,試圖通過尋求有偏見的證據(jù)來證明維持現(xiàn)狀是合理的做法,有著致命的誘惑力。

倡導(dǎo)創(chuàng)新型和支持型文化的理由比以往任何時候都更有說服力。這種包容性的創(chuàng)新模式將使女性受益:女性通常會因為表現(xiàn)出與男性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者同樣的自信而受到懲罰,而男性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的這種自信被稱贊為“勇氣可嘉”和“標(biāo)新立異”。隨著企業(yè)通過加薪和升職來獎勵和激勵具有同理心的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,女性終于可以因其傳統(tǒng)上被視為弱點的特質(zhì)(晉升的障礙)而獲得獎勵。

新的自動化工作場所將是為女性賦能并給予獎勵的場所,這是一項日益緊迫的企業(yè)績效戰(zhàn)略。早在2019年,麥肯錫(McKinsey)的分析就發(fā)現(xiàn),高管團隊性別多樣性排名前25%的公司的盈利能力高于平均水平的可能性比排名后25%的公司高25%。隨著人工智能改變企業(yè)的運營方式,這種差距只會變得更加明顯。

我們必須重新認識人工智能對勞動力市場的重構(gòu),而不是將其視為大規(guī)模裁員的末日情景,并以此為契機,最終兌現(xiàn)企業(yè)的多元化承諾,進而實現(xiàn)盈利。對于成功的企業(yè)來說,現(xiàn)在比以往任何時候都更需要女性主義。(財富中文網(wǎng))

格蕾絲·洛丹(Grace Lordan)博士是倫敦經(jīng)濟學(xué)院(London School of Economics)行為科學(xué)副教授,也是“包容性倡議”( The Inclusion Initiative)的創(chuàng)始董事。

Fortune.com上發(fā)表的評論文章中表達的觀點,僅代表作者本人的觀點,不代表《財富》雜志的觀點和立場。

譯者:中慧言-王芳

As the relentless advance of A.I. continues to gain momentum, so too does the growing chorus of alarmist voices predicting its destruction of countless jobs. Undeniably, companies’ recent moves to streamline their operations through artificial intelligence paint a stark picture for the labor market. Big Tech layoffs claimed more than 150,000 jobs throughout 2022 alone, with Goldman Sachs predicting that 300 million jobs will ultimately be lost or degraded by artificial intelligence. Yet whilst the perils of A.I.’s devaluation of professional skills have been charted in lurid detail, little attention has been paid to the equally significant professional opportunities that this upheaval will generate.

Analysis of international workforce data indicates that the jobs that require abstract thinking and interpersonal skills are the least likely to be threatened by the introduction of A.I. For firms to remain competitive as A.I. undercuts their existing offerings, innovative employees will become crucial to developing new products, services, and income streams. Equally important will be empathetic leaders who are capable of cultivating a workplace culture that empowers these innovators to excel.

Strikingly, these soft skills entail attributes that have traditionally been characterized as “feminine.” Beyond clumsy stereotyping, this association of women with specific professional traits is well documented in both labor market statistics and academic research. In fact, from a young age, girls have been found to demonstrate a greater preference for jobs with higher brain and people content than boys. This trend continues into the workplace, as employment data from across the U.S. and U.K. reveals that women are 31% and 57% more likely to choose jobs that are people-oriented than their male counterparts.

The advantage that A.I. will afford these jobs therefore promises to shake up the labor market in more ways than one. Not only will the workforce look dramatically different in terms of the types and number of jobs available, but we should also see an increased representation of women in senior leadership positions as a result. With skills traditionally associated with women becoming increasingly important to ensure success alongside A.I., this sea change provides a compelling incentive for firms to commit to driving mutually beneficial advances in gender representation in the workplace.

As with the introduction of any disruptive technology, the A.I. revolution will usher in a highly competitive, winner-takes-all economy that heavily rewards “superstar” players. To secure a slice of this success, firms must develop a culture in which diverse employees are empowered to challenge one another and thus drive innovation. Previously, companies such as Amazon have interpreted this dynamic as one that is highly individualistic and combative. However, any success achieved through such a toxic strategy has come at a cost: a monocultural workforce, limited innovation, and eyewatering turnover rates. In 2020, Amazon’s senior leadership team had just three women compared to 19 men, and last year it was revealed that Amazon has an annual employee turnover rate of 150%. Before you even calculate the cost of missed opportunities to disrupt markets through fresh perspectives, this staggering churn alone was costing shareholders $8 billion annually.

To achieve more sustainable growth, innovation must be built on a collaborative vision of success rather than cutthroat competition or tribalism. This inclusive dynamic must be driven by empathetic leaders who encourage open dialogue between diverse–and potentially dissenting–voices within the organization, actively combat confirmation bias, and promote more agile decision-making. As disruptive technology demands an equally radical attitude from businesses, the temptation to justify clinging to the status quo by seeking biased evidence can be fatal.

The case for championing an innovative and supportive culture is more compelling than ever. This inclusive innovation model stands to benefit women, who are typically penalized for exhibiting the same assertiveness that is praised as evidence of “grit” and “innovation” in male leaders. As firms reward and incentivize empathetic leaders with increased salaries and promotions, women will at last be rewarded for the traits that were traditionally perceived as a weakness–and thus a barrier to progression–in professional environments.

The new, automated workplace will be one that empowers and rewards women’s talents as an increasingly urgent business performance strategy. Already in 2019, analysis by McKinsey found that companies in the top quartile for gender diversity on executive teams were 25% more likely to have above-average profitability than companies in the fourth quartile. As A.I. transforms how businesses operate, this disparity will only become more glaring.

Rather than apocalyptic visions of mass redundancy, A.I.’s restructuring of the labor market must be reimagined as an opportunity to finally deliver on corporate diversity pledges that in turn benefit the bottom line. Now more than ever, for successful businesses, the future really is feminist.

Grace Lordan, P.h.D., is an associate professor of behavioral science and the founding director of The Inclusion Initiative at the London School of Economics.

The opinions expressed in Fortune.com commentary pieces are solely the views of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions and beliefs of Fortune.

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