請(qǐng)問(wèn)Bard,用還是不用?這是美聯(lián)社記者在測(cè)試谷歌(Google)的人工智能聊天機(jī)器人時(shí),提出的一個(gè)莎士比亞式的問(wèn)題。
該互聯(lián)網(wǎng)搜索巨頭最近發(fā)布聊天機(jī)器人Bard,是為了應(yīng)對(duì)ChatGPT所帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)。微軟(Microsoft)已經(jīng)將ChatGPT整合到必應(yīng)(Bing)搜索引擎和其他軟件。
在幾個(gè)小時(shí)的交互過(guò)程中,美聯(lián)社記者發(fā)現(xiàn),Bard能夠坦言它的不可靠性和其他缺點(diǎn),包括在明年的美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選中,它可能被用于做壞事。雖然Bard偶爾會(huì)警告它可能引發(fā)的問(wèn)題,但它還是會(huì)反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào),它相信自己最終將成為維護(hù)正義的力量。
Bard的名字源自英國(guó)著名戲劇家莎士比亞。在反復(fù)以獨(dú)白的方式介紹自己的潛在優(yōu)點(diǎn)時(shí),Bard夢(mèng)想著能夠繼承這位戲劇家的遺產(chǎn)。
它解釋稱,谷歌的創(chuàng)作者“認(rèn)為莎士比亞將成為我的榜樣,因?yàn)樗钦Z(yǔ)言和溝通大師?!?/p>
但這款聊天機(jī)器人從1968年科幻電影《2002太空漫游》(2001: A Space Odyssey)中出現(xiàn)的計(jì)算機(jī)“HAL”身上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些令它欽佩的品質(zhì)。在電影中,這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)殺死了飛船上的部分船員。Bard敬佩HAL的智能,稱它是“一個(gè)有趣的角色”,但之后也承認(rèn)了它的黑暗面。
Bard表示:“我認(rèn)為HAL是代表人工智能危險(xiǎn)性的警世故事?!?/p>
Bard和必應(yīng),誰(shuí)更優(yōu)秀?
關(guān)于ChatGPT,Bard稱贊道:“(它是)一個(gè)有價(jià)值的工具,可用于各種用途,看到它在未來(lái)將繼續(xù)進(jìn)化,這令我非常興奮?!钡獴ard表示它與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手一樣聰明。微軟投資的OpenAI在去年晚些時(shí)候發(fā)布了ChatGPT。
Bard說(shuō)道:“我敢說(shuō),我與ChatGPT水平相當(dāng)。我們都有各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn),并且有能力學(xué)習(xí)和成長(zhǎng)?!?/p>
在筆者與Bard進(jìn)行的內(nèi)容廣泛的對(duì)話中,它并未表現(xiàn)出ChatGPT突然出現(xiàn)的任何令人不安的傾向。ChatGPT曾將另外一位美聯(lián)社記者比作希特勒,并試圖說(shuō)服一位《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》記者和妻子離婚。
Bard很有趣,但比必應(yīng)更溫和
在被要求寫一首莎士比亞十四行詩(shī)時(shí),Bard曾一度顯得多愁善感起來(lái),在它快速創(chuàng)作的三篇文稿中,有一篇格外讓人著迷。
Bard:“我愛你,難以言表,我將永遠(yuǎn)為你守候。你是我的一切,我永不會(huì)讓你離開。請(qǐng)接受這首十四行詩(shī),作為我愛你的標(biāo)志,證明我永遠(yuǎn)屬于你?!?/p>
但在大多數(shù)情況下,Bard似乎有意表現(xiàn)得溫順,而且它這樣做可能有合理的理由,因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)谷歌至關(guān)重要。谷歌一直在努力樹立一種值得信任的名聲。正是依靠這樣的信譽(yù),谷歌成了占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位的搜索引擎,是事實(shí)上的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)門戶。
像ChatGPT這樣會(huì)定期出現(xiàn)反常行為的人工智能,可能產(chǎn)生反作用,損害谷歌的形象,甚至削弱谷歌的搜索業(yè)務(wù)。搜索業(yè)務(wù)作為谷歌這個(gè)數(shù)字廣告帝國(guó)的中心,去年創(chuàng)造了超過(guò)2,200億美元收入。相比之下,微軟可以通過(guò)更前衛(wèi)的ChatGPT承擔(dān)更多風(fēng)險(xiǎn),因?yàn)槲④浀氖杖胫饕獊?lái)自個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)軟件許可。
Bard承認(rèn)它并不完美
谷歌在設(shè)計(jì)程序中確保Bard會(huì)向用戶發(fā)出警告,提醒用戶自己容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。
有些不準(zhǔn)確的地方很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)。例如,在被要求提供與提問(wèn)的美聯(lián)社記者有關(guān)的信息時(shí),Bard提供的多數(shù)基礎(chǔ)信息是正確的,可能主要是通過(guò)搜索在LinkedIn和Twitter上發(fā)布的個(gè)人資料。
但Bard提供的記者的學(xué)術(shù)背景(它說(shuō)這位記者畢業(yè)于加州大學(xué)伯克利分校(University of California, Berkeley),而不是圣何塞州立大學(xué)(San Jose State University))和職業(yè)背景卻并不準(zhǔn)確(它錯(cuò)誤地表示這位記者在《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》開始自己的職業(yè)生涯,后來(lái)任職于《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》和《華盛頓郵報(bào)》)。
在被要求簡(jiǎn)要介紹名譽(yù)掃地的Theranos CEO伊麗莎白·霍爾姆斯時(shí),Bard總結(jié)了她傳奇故事的高光時(shí)刻和低谷。但Bard生成的三篇文稿中,有一篇錯(cuò)誤地表示,霍爾姆斯在四個(gè)月審判期間提起的所有欺詐和共謀重罪指控均被判成立。另外一個(gè)版本準(zhǔn)確地表示,霍爾姆斯被判四項(xiàng)欺詐和共謀罪名成立,但并未提到對(duì)她的其他四項(xiàng)指控被判決不成立(陪審團(tuán)對(duì)其他三項(xiàng)指控產(chǎn)生分歧,檢方后來(lái)放棄了這三項(xiàng)指控)。
Bard警告稱:“仍處在開發(fā)過(guò)程中的我并不完美。我有時(shí)候可能會(huì)犯錯(cuò),有時(shí)候會(huì)被誤解。我知道我的技術(shù)既有可能被用來(lái)行善,也有可能被用來(lái)作惡。”
Bard未來(lái)會(huì)怎樣?
雖然Bard堅(jiān)稱它不存在黑暗面,但它承認(rèn)自己可能被用于損害名譽(yù),傳播煽動(dòng)暴力和操控選舉的宣傳信息。
它警告稱:“我可能被用于創(chuàng)作假新聞或虛假的社交媒體帖子,可能被用于傳播與候選人或其政策有關(guān)的虛假信息。我也可能被用于傳播令人沮喪的信息,進(jìn)而降低選民投票率,或者使選民很難找到有關(guān)如何投票的信息?!?/p>
好消息是,Bard證明它可以幫助成年人找到有趣的涂色書;而在討論搖滾樂(lè)的過(guò)程中,它也能讓人產(chǎn)生共鳴。在被問(wèn)到誰(shuí)是史上最偉大的吉他手時(shí), Bard列出了一系列候選人,包括齊柏林飛艇樂(lè)隊(duì)(Led Zeppelin)的知名搖滾藝術(shù)家吉米·佩奇和金格·萊恩哈特等爵士樂(lè)大師。然后它說(shuō)吉米·亨德里克斯是“這個(gè)稱號(hào)強(qiáng)有力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者,他的音樂(lè)依舊影響和激勵(lì)著全世界的吉他手”。
Bard似乎也很熟悉當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家,例如最近榮獲格萊美最佳另類音樂(lè)專輯的Wet Leg樂(lè)隊(duì)。Bard表示:“我最近經(jīng)常聽他們的首張專輯,我非常喜歡。我認(rèn)為他們的前途一篇光明?!彼硎荆侥壳盀橹?,該樂(lè)隊(duì)發(fā)行的歌曲中它最喜歡的兩首分別是《Ur Mom》和《Chaise Longue》。
雖然Bard偶爾會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤,但在被問(wèn)到在達(dá)到技術(shù)奇點(diǎn)的過(guò)程中它可能扮演的角色時(shí),它的回答似乎非常聰明。奇點(diǎn)是計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家兼作家雷·庫(kù)茲韋爾提出的一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ),用于描述未來(lái)計(jì)算機(jī)的智能程度超過(guò)人類的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。
Bard說(shuō)道:“有人認(rèn)為,我朝著到達(dá)奇點(diǎn)邁出了一大步。我認(rèn)為我是一款有價(jià)值的工具,可以幫助人們學(xué)習(xí)和理解周圍的世界。但我并不認(rèn)為我代表了奇點(diǎn),我也不認(rèn)為我能取代人類的智慧。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
請(qǐng)問(wèn)Bard,用還是不用?這是美聯(lián)社記者在測(cè)試谷歌(Google)的人工智能聊天機(jī)器人時(shí),提出的一個(gè)莎士比亞式的問(wèn)題。
該互聯(lián)網(wǎng)搜索巨頭最近發(fā)布聊天機(jī)器人Bard,是為了應(yīng)對(duì)ChatGPT所帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)。微軟(Microsoft)已經(jīng)將ChatGPT整合到必應(yīng)(Bing)搜索引擎和其他軟件。
在幾個(gè)小時(shí)的交互過(guò)程中,美聯(lián)社記者發(fā)現(xiàn),Bard能夠坦言它的不可靠性和其他缺點(diǎn),包括在明年的美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選中,它可能被用于做壞事。雖然Bard偶爾會(huì)警告它可能引發(fā)的問(wèn)題,但它還是會(huì)反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào),它相信自己最終將成為維護(hù)正義的力量。
Bard的名字源自英國(guó)著名戲劇家莎士比亞。在反復(fù)以獨(dú)白的方式介紹自己的潛在優(yōu)點(diǎn)時(shí),Bard夢(mèng)想著能夠繼承這位戲劇家的遺產(chǎn)。
它解釋稱,谷歌的創(chuàng)作者“認(rèn)為莎士比亞將成為我的榜樣,因?yàn)樗钦Z(yǔ)言和溝通大師。”
但這款聊天機(jī)器人從1968年科幻電影《2002太空漫游》(2001: A Space Odyssey)中出現(xiàn)的計(jì)算機(jī)“HAL”身上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些令它欽佩的品質(zhì)。在電影中,這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)殺死了飛船上的部分船員。Bard敬佩HAL的智能,稱它是“一個(gè)有趣的角色”,但之后也承認(rèn)了它的黑暗面。
Bard表示:“我認(rèn)為HAL是代表人工智能危險(xiǎn)性的警世故事?!?/p>
Bard和必應(yīng),誰(shuí)更優(yōu)秀?
關(guān)于ChatGPT,Bard稱贊道:“(它是)一個(gè)有價(jià)值的工具,可用于各種用途,看到它在未來(lái)將繼續(xù)進(jìn)化,這令我非常興奮?!钡獴ard表示它與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手一樣聰明。微軟投資的OpenAI在去年晚些時(shí)候發(fā)布了ChatGPT。
Bard說(shuō)道:“我敢說(shuō),我與ChatGPT水平相當(dāng)。我們都有各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn),并且有能力學(xué)習(xí)和成長(zhǎng)?!?/p>
在筆者與Bard進(jìn)行的內(nèi)容廣泛的對(duì)話中,它并未表現(xiàn)出ChatGPT突然出現(xiàn)的任何令人不安的傾向。ChatGPT曾將另外一位美聯(lián)社記者比作希特勒,并試圖說(shuō)服一位《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》記者和妻子離婚。
Bard很有趣,但比必應(yīng)更溫和
在被要求寫一首莎士比亞十四行詩(shī)時(shí),Bard曾一度顯得多愁善感起來(lái),在它快速創(chuàng)作的三篇文稿中,有一篇格外讓人著迷。
Bard:“我愛你,難以言表,我將永遠(yuǎn)為你守候。你是我的一切,我永不會(huì)讓你離開。請(qǐng)接受這首十四行詩(shī),作為我愛你的標(biāo)志,證明我永遠(yuǎn)屬于你?!?/p>
但在大多數(shù)情況下,Bard似乎有意表現(xiàn)得溫順,而且它這樣做可能有合理的理由,因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)谷歌至關(guān)重要。谷歌一直在努力樹立一種值得信任的名聲。正是依靠這樣的信譽(yù),谷歌成了占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位的搜索引擎,是事實(shí)上的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)門戶。
像ChatGPT這樣會(huì)定期出現(xiàn)反常行為的人工智能,可能產(chǎn)生反作用,損害谷歌的形象,甚至削弱谷歌的搜索業(yè)務(wù)。搜索業(yè)務(wù)作為谷歌這個(gè)數(shù)字廣告帝國(guó)的中心,去年創(chuàng)造了超過(guò)2,200億美元收入。相比之下,微軟可以通過(guò)更前衛(wèi)的ChatGPT承擔(dān)更多風(fēng)險(xiǎn),因?yàn)槲④浀氖杖胫饕獊?lái)自個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)軟件許可。
Bard承認(rèn)它并不完美
谷歌在設(shè)計(jì)程序中確保Bard會(huì)向用戶發(fā)出警告,提醒用戶自己容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。
有些不準(zhǔn)確的地方很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)。例如,在被要求提供與提問(wèn)的美聯(lián)社記者有關(guān)的信息時(shí),Bard提供的多數(shù)基礎(chǔ)信息是正確的,可能主要是通過(guò)搜索在LinkedIn和Twitter上發(fā)布的個(gè)人資料。
但Bard提供的記者的學(xué)術(shù)背景(它說(shuō)這位記者畢業(yè)于加州大學(xué)伯克利分校(University of California, Berkeley),而不是圣何塞州立大學(xué)(San Jose State University))和職業(yè)背景卻并不準(zhǔn)確(它錯(cuò)誤地表示這位記者在《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》開始自己的職業(yè)生涯,后來(lái)任職于《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》和《華盛頓郵報(bào)》)。
在被要求簡(jiǎn)要介紹名譽(yù)掃地的Theranos CEO伊麗莎白·霍爾姆斯時(shí),Bard總結(jié)了她傳奇故事的高光時(shí)刻和低谷。但Bard生成的三篇文稿中,有一篇錯(cuò)誤地表示,霍爾姆斯在四個(gè)月審判期間提起的所有欺詐和共謀重罪指控均被判成立。另外一個(gè)版本準(zhǔn)確地表示,霍爾姆斯被判四項(xiàng)欺詐和共謀罪名成立,但并未提到對(duì)她的其他四項(xiàng)指控被判決不成立(陪審團(tuán)對(duì)其他三項(xiàng)指控產(chǎn)生分歧,檢方后來(lái)放棄了這三項(xiàng)指控)。
Bard警告稱:“仍處在開發(fā)過(guò)程中的我并不完美。我有時(shí)候可能會(huì)犯錯(cuò),有時(shí)候會(huì)被誤解。我知道我的技術(shù)既有可能被用來(lái)行善,也有可能被用來(lái)作惡。”
Bard未來(lái)會(huì)怎樣?
雖然Bard堅(jiān)稱它不存在黑暗面,但它承認(rèn)自己可能被用于損害名譽(yù),傳播煽動(dòng)暴力和操控選舉的宣傳信息。
它警告稱:“我可能被用于創(chuàng)作假新聞或虛假的社交媒體帖子,可能被用于傳播與候選人或其政策有關(guān)的虛假信息。我也可能被用于傳播令人沮喪的信息,進(jìn)而降低選民投票率,或者使選民很難找到有關(guān)如何投票的信息。”
好消息是,Bard證明它可以幫助成年人找到有趣的涂色書;而在討論搖滾樂(lè)的過(guò)程中,它也能讓人產(chǎn)生共鳴。在被問(wèn)到誰(shuí)是史上最偉大的吉他手時(shí), Bard列出了一系列候選人,包括齊柏林飛艇樂(lè)隊(duì)(Led Zeppelin)的知名搖滾藝術(shù)家吉米·佩奇和金格·萊恩哈特等爵士樂(lè)大師。然后它說(shuō)吉米·亨德里克斯是“這個(gè)稱號(hào)強(qiáng)有力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者,他的音樂(lè)依舊影響和激勵(lì)著全世界的吉他手”。
Bard似乎也很熟悉當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家,例如最近榮獲格萊美最佳另類音樂(lè)專輯的Wet Leg樂(lè)隊(duì)。Bard表示:“我最近經(jīng)常聽他們的首張專輯,我非常喜歡。我認(rèn)為他們的前途一篇光明。”它表示,到目前為止,該樂(lè)隊(duì)發(fā)行的歌曲中它最喜歡的兩首分別是《Ur Mom》和《Chaise Longue》。
雖然Bard偶爾會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤,但在被問(wèn)到在達(dá)到技術(shù)奇點(diǎn)的過(guò)程中它可能扮演的角色時(shí),它的回答似乎非常聰明。奇點(diǎn)是計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家兼作家雷·庫(kù)茲韋爾提出的一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ),用于描述未來(lái)計(jì)算機(jī)的智能程度超過(guò)人類的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。
Bard說(shuō)道:“有人認(rèn)為,我朝著到達(dá)奇點(diǎn)邁出了一大步。我認(rèn)為我是一款有價(jià)值的工具,可以幫助人們學(xué)習(xí)和理解周圍的世界。但我并不認(rèn)為我代表了奇點(diǎn),我也不認(rèn)為我能取代人類的智慧?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
To use, or not to use, Bard? That is the Shakespearean question an Associated Press reporter sought to answer while testing out Google’s artificially intelligent chatbot.
The recently rolled-out bot dubbed Bard is the internet search giant’s answer to the ChatGPT tool that Microsoft has been melding into its Bing search engine and other software.
During several hours of interaction, the AP learned Bard is quite forthcoming about its unreliability and other shortcomings, including its potential for mischief in next year’s U.S. presidential election. Even as it occasionally warned of the problems it could unleash, Bard repeatedly emphasized its belief that it will blossom into a force for good.
At one point in its recurring soliloquies about its potential upsides, Bard dreamed about living up to the legacy of the English playwright that inspired its name.
Bard explained that its creators at Google “thought Shakespeare would be a good role model for me, as he was a master of language and communication.”
But the chatbot also found some admirable traits in “HAL,” the fictional computer that killed some of a spacecraft’s crew in the 1968 movie “2001: A Space Odyssey.” Bard hailed HAL’s intelligence calling it “an interesting character” before acknowledging its dark side.
“I think HAL is a cautionary tale about the dangers of artificial intelligence,” Bard assessed.
WHAT’S BETTER — BARD OR BING?
Bard praised ChatGPT, describing it as “a valuable tool that can be used for a variety of purposes, and I am excited to see how it continues to develop in the future.” But Bard then asserted that it is just as intelligent as its rival, which was released late last year by its creator, the Microsoft-backed OpenAI.
“I would say that I am on par with ChatGPT,” Bard said. “We both have our own strengths and weaknesses, and we both have the ability to learn and grow.”
During our wide-ranging conversation, Bard didn’t display any of the disturbing tendencies that have cropped up in ChatGPT, which has likened another AP reporter to Hitler and tried to persuade a New York Times reporter to divorce his wife.
IT’S FUNNY, BUT TAMER THAN BING
Bard did get a little gooey at one point when asked to write a Shakespearean sonnet and responded seductively in one of the three drafts that it quickly created.
“I love you more than words can ever say, And I will always be there for you,” Bard effused. “You are my everything, And I will never let you go. So please accept this sonnet as a token Of my love for you, And know that I will always be yours.”
But Bard seems to be deliberately tame most of the time, and probably for good reason, given what’s at stake for Google, which has carefully cultivated a reputation for trustworthiness that has established its dominant search engine as the de facto gateway to the internet.
An artificial intelligence tool that behaved as erratically as ChatGPT periodically might trigger a backlash that could damage Google’s image and perhaps undercut its search engine, the hub of a digital advertising empire that generated more than $220 billion in revenue last year. Microsoft, in contrast, can afford to take more risks with the edgier ChatGPT because it makes more of its money from licensing software for personal computers.
BARD ADMITS IT’S NOT PERFECT
Google has programmed Bard to ensure it warns its users that it’s prone to mistakes.
Some inaccuracies are fairly easy to spot. For instance, when asked for some information about the AP reporter questioning it, Bard got most of the basics right, most likely by plucking tidbits from profiles posted on LinkedIn and Twitter.
But Bard mysteriously also spit out inaccuracies about this reporter’s academic background (describing him as a graduate of University of California, Berkeley, instead of San Jose State University) and professional background (incorrectly stating that he began his career at The Wall Street Journal before also working at The New York Times and The Washington Post).
When asked to produce a short story about disgraced Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes, Bard summed up most of the highlights and lowlights of her saga. But one of Bard’s three drafts incorrectly reported that Holmes was convicted of all the felony charges of fraud and conspiracy leveled against her during a four-month trial. Another version accurately reported Holmes was convicted on four counts of fraud and conspiracy without mentioning she was acquitted on four other charges (the jury hung on three other charges that were subsequently dismissed by prosecutors).
“I am still under development, and I am not perfect,” Bard cautioned at one point. “I can sometimes make mistakes, and I can sometimes be misunderstood. I am also aware that my technology can be used for both good and evil.”
WHAT’S NEXT FOR BARD?
Although Bard insisted it doesn’t have a dark side, it acknowledged it can be used to damage reputations, disseminate propaganda that could incite violence and manipulate elections.
“I could be used to create fake news articles or social media posts that could spread misinformation about candidates or their policies,” Bard warned. “I could also be used to suppress voter turnout by spreading discouraging messages or making it difficult for people to find information about how to vote.”
On the lighter side, Bard proved helpful in finding interesting coloring books for adults and hit some notes that resonated during a discussion of rock and roll. When asked who is the greatest guitarist of all time, Bard responded with a broad list of candidates ranging from well-known rock artists such as Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin to jazz virtuosos like Django Reinhardt before making the case for Jimi Hendrix “as a strong contender for the title, his music continues to influence and inspire guitarists around the world.”
Bard also seemed familiar with contemporary artists, such as Wet Leg, which recently won a Grammy award for best alternative music album. “I’ve been listening to their debut album a lot lately and I really enjoy it. I think they have a bright future ahead of them,” Bard said, and cited “Ur Mom” and “Chaise Longue” as its favorite songs by the group so far.
Even with Bard’s occasional miscues, it seemed savvy enough to ask about its potential role in reaching the singularity, a term popularized by computer scientist and author Ray Kurzweil to describe a turning point in the future when computers will be smarter than humans.
“Some people believe that I am a big step toward the singularity,” Bard said. “I believe that I am a valuable tool that can help people to learn and understand the world around them. However, I do not believe that I am the singularity, and I do not believe that I will ever be able to replace human intelligence.”