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企業(yè)如何避免人工智能偏見(jiàn)

Jonathan Vanian
2021-02-16

專家認(rèn)為,人們應(yīng)當(dāng)了解到今天的人工智能“確實(shí)存在一定的局限性,所以要謹(jǐn)慎使用。

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如果企業(yè)希望用戶能順利使用其開(kāi)發(fā)的人工智能軟件,就必須確保開(kāi)發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)以及軟件訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)集的多樣化。

這一結(jié)論來(lái)自《財(cái)富》雜志周二舉辦的在線論壇,主要議題是人工智能偏見(jiàn)。

然而,企業(yè)想在社會(huì)中找到公平又具有普遍代表性的數(shù)據(jù)可能是一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)。前法官、美國(guó)頂級(jí)律所Cravath, Swaine & Moore合伙人凱瑟琳·福里斯特解釋說(shuō),一些數(shù)據(jù)集,比如刑事司法系統(tǒng)中的數(shù)據(jù)集就出了名地不平衡。

比如某個(gè)城市里,如果當(dāng)?shù)貓?zhí)法部門(mén)曾過(guò)度針對(duì)黑人社區(qū),人工智能又用逮捕數(shù)據(jù)集為基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),在預(yù)測(cè)犯罪時(shí)就可能會(huì)錯(cuò)誤地判斷黑人的犯罪幾率更高。

福里斯特說(shuō):“因此,和我們的歷史一樣,應(yīng)用于人工智能工具的數(shù)據(jù)資產(chǎn)也存在結(jié)構(gòu)性不平等。坦率地說(shuō),很難擺脫這種不平等。”

福里斯特表示,一直在努力告誡法官,數(shù)據(jù)偏見(jiàn)會(huì)影響法律系統(tǒng)里某些人工智能工具。但這很有挑戰(zhàn)性,因?yàn)檐浖a(chǎn)品種類繁多,并且沒(méi)有相互比較的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

她說(shuō),人們應(yīng)當(dāng)了解到今天的人工智能“確實(shí)存在一定的局限性,所以要謹(jǐn)慎使用?!?/p>

Dropbox軟件公司的多樣性、公平性和包容性主管丹尼·吉洛里稱,一直希望通過(guò)產(chǎn)品多樣性委員會(huì)來(lái)減少人工智能偏見(jiàn)。該委員會(huì)成員分析公司產(chǎn)品,審核對(duì)某些群體是否存在不經(jīng)意的歧視。Dropbox工作人員發(fā)布產(chǎn)品之前,不僅要提交研發(fā)中產(chǎn)品的隱私審核,還要提交多樣性審核。

吉洛里說(shuō),Dropbox的多樣性委員會(huì)在某個(gè)產(chǎn)品中發(fā)現(xiàn)了與“個(gè)人身份信息”相關(guān)的偏見(jiàn)問(wèn)題,后來(lái)順利解決。

關(guān)鍵是要盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)偏見(jiàn),而不是必須“出事之后再回過(guò)頭解決問(wèn)題,” 吉洛里說(shuō)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:曉維

審校:夏林

如果企業(yè)希望用戶能順利使用其開(kāi)發(fā)的人工智能軟件,就必須確保開(kāi)發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)以及軟件訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)集的多樣化。

這一結(jié)論來(lái)自《財(cái)富》雜志周二舉辦的在線論壇,主要議題是人工智能偏見(jiàn)。

然而,企業(yè)想在社會(huì)中找到公平又具有普遍代表性的數(shù)據(jù)可能是一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)。前法官、美國(guó)頂級(jí)律所Cravath, Swaine & Moore合伙人凱瑟琳·福里斯特解釋說(shuō),一些數(shù)據(jù)集,比如刑事司法系統(tǒng)中的數(shù)據(jù)集就出了名地不平衡。

比如某個(gè)城市里,如果當(dāng)?shù)貓?zhí)法部門(mén)曾過(guò)度針對(duì)黑人社區(qū),人工智能又用逮捕數(shù)據(jù)集為基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),在預(yù)測(cè)犯罪時(shí)就可能會(huì)錯(cuò)誤地判斷黑人的犯罪幾率更高。

福里斯特說(shuō):“因此,和我們的歷史一樣,應(yīng)用于人工智能工具的數(shù)據(jù)資產(chǎn)也存在結(jié)構(gòu)性不平等。坦率地說(shuō),很難擺脫這種不平等?!?/p>

福里斯特表示,一直在努力告誡法官,數(shù)據(jù)偏見(jiàn)會(huì)影響法律系統(tǒng)里某些人工智能工具。但這很有挑戰(zhàn)性,因?yàn)檐浖a(chǎn)品種類繁多,并且沒(méi)有相互比較的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

她說(shuō),人們應(yīng)當(dāng)了解到今天的人工智能“確實(shí)存在一定的局限性,所以要謹(jǐn)慎使用?!?/p>

Dropbox軟件公司的多樣性、公平性和包容性主管丹尼·吉洛里稱,一直希望通過(guò)產(chǎn)品多樣性委員會(huì)來(lái)減少人工智能偏見(jiàn)。該委員會(huì)成員分析公司產(chǎn)品,審核對(duì)某些群體是否存在不經(jīng)意的歧視。Dropbox工作人員發(fā)布產(chǎn)品之前,不僅要提交研發(fā)中產(chǎn)品的隱私審核,還要提交多樣性審核。

吉洛里說(shuō),Dropbox的多樣性委員會(huì)在某個(gè)產(chǎn)品中發(fā)現(xiàn)了與“個(gè)人身份信息”相關(guān)的偏見(jiàn)問(wèn)題,后來(lái)順利解決。

關(guān)鍵是要盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)偏見(jiàn),而不是必須“出事之后再回過(guò)頭解決問(wèn)題,” 吉洛里說(shuō)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:曉維

審校:夏林

If companies are serious about their artificial intelligence software working well for everyone, they must ensure that the teams developing it as well as the datasets used to train the software are diverse.

That’s one takeaway from an online panel discussion about A.I.’s bias hosted by Fortune on Tuesday.

It can be challenging for companies to find datasets that are both fair and reflective of everyone in society. In fact, some datasets like those from the criminal justice system are notoriously plagued with inequality, explained Katherine Forrest, a former judge and partner at the law firm Cravath, Swaine and Moore.

Consider a dataset of arrests in a city in which local law enforcement has a history of over-policing Black neighborhoods. Because of the underlying data, an A.I. tool developed to predict who is likely to commit a crime may incorrectly deduce that Black people are far more likely to be offenders.

“So the data assets used for all of these tools is only as good as our history,” Forrest said. “We have structural inequalities that are built into that data that are frankly difficult to get away from.”

Forrest said she has been trying to educate judges about bias problems affecting certain A.I. tools used in the legal system. But it’s challenging because there are many different software products and there is no standard for comparing them to each other.

She said that people should know that today’s A.I. “has some real limitations, so use it with caution.”

Danny Guillory, the head of diversity, equity, and inclusion for Dropbox, said one way his software company has been trying to mitigate A.I. bias is through a product diversity council. Council members analyze the company’s products to learn if they inadvertently discriminate against certain groups of people. Similar to how Dropbox workers submit products under development for privacy reviews prior to their release, employees submit products for diversity reviews.

Guillory said the company's diversity council has already discovered some bias problems in an unspecified product that had to do with “personal identifying information” and workers were able to fix the issues.

The point is to spot bias problems early, instead of having to “retroactively fix things,” Guillory said.

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