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誰動了我們的私密辦公空間

誰動了我們的私密辦公空間

Katherine Reynolds Lewis 2013年09月25日
根據(jù)最新調(diào)查,如今大部分公司給每位員工分配的面積不超過14平方米,大大低于2010年時的21平方米。而且,這個數(shù)字還在進一步縮小。不僅如此,專有辦公室也越來越少,取而代之的是開放式辦公區(qū),甚至連老總也不例外。為什么?很重要的一個原因是這樣能省錢。

????自占一隅進行工作的日子已一去不返。二十年來,很多公司已改用開放式的工作場所設(shè)計,取消專有辦公室,以便降低房地產(chǎn)成本,同時促進同事間的協(xié)作。但隨著辦公室人均面積持續(xù)萎縮,很多員工(和經(jīng)理)開始考慮,我們是不是已經(jīng)達到了極限。

????“人在開放式工作環(huán)境下很難完成需要高度專注、不受打擾的工作。”《微調(diào):一天一天實現(xiàn)夢想》(Tweak It: Make What Matters to You Happen Every Day)一書的作者、靈活工作場所策略師凱利?威廉姆斯?尤斯特說?!八屝枰M行私密談話或?qū)W⑺伎嫉娜藗兎浅?鄲?。?/p>

????企業(yè)房地產(chǎn)管理專業(yè)協(xié)會CoreNet Global最新的一項調(diào)查顯示,大部分雇主給每位員工分配的面積不超過150平方英尺(約14平方米),大大低于2010年時的225平方英尺(約21平方米)。而且,人均面積可能還會繼續(xù)縮小,因為58%的公司計劃在未來一年增聘員工。大部分受調(diào)查公司(81%)都已經(jīng)開始采用開放式的格局。

????所分配空間有一半的時間限制,CoreNet的戰(zhàn)略溝通副總裁理查德?凱迪斯表示。而且,縮減辦公空間可讓公司資產(chǎn)負債表受益。

????美國總務(wù)署(General Services Administration)的一份報告顯示,美國電話電報公司(AT&T)通過取消辦公室單間以及整合工作空間,平均每處辦公室節(jié)約3,000美元,每年節(jié)約5.50億美元。北電網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Nortel)的遠程辦公計劃每年節(jié)約2,000萬美元的房地產(chǎn)費用,相當于節(jié)約了兩座20層、每層面積40,000平方英尺的辦公樓。

????但打造一個良好的工作環(huán)境并沒那么簡單,不是拆掉辦公室的門、放入長排椅子讓員工連接筆記本電腦,也不是建一個酒店式辦公系統(tǒng),讓員工按需預(yù)定空間。如果設(shè)計得好,開放式辦公室應(yīng)該擁有特別設(shè)置的安靜房間用于“專心”工作,有一些小房間用來舉行小型會議或臨時討論,還有較大的會議室以及用于協(xié)作和激發(fā)創(chuàng)新的社交區(qū)域。還應(yīng)當能接觸到綠色植物和自然光,無論是通過窗戶、天窗或中庭來獲得。

????凱迪斯表示,噪音是開放式設(shè)計中最常被忽視的因素。隔音工程師可以利用白噪音和噪音吸收材料實現(xiàn)很好的效果,但他們必須成為設(shè)計團隊中的一員。這個團隊還應(yīng)該包括來自于科技、環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展、人力資源和設(shè)施管理的高管。

????《財富》雜志編輯蘇珊?派斯納爾當初效力于華盛頓特區(qū)一家行業(yè)協(xié)會工作時,只有10位總監(jiān)有專用辦公間,其余80名員工共享一大片被分成小隔間的開放式空間?!拔耶敃r的日子很不好過,因為總有人告訴我,讓我小點聲,”派斯納爾回憶說?!霸谶@樣的環(huán)境中工作讓人沮喪?!??

????So much for having your own little corner at work. For two decades, companies have been shifting to open workspace designs and eliminating dedicated offices in a twin effort to reduce real estate costs and encourage collaboration between colleagues. But as the per-person square footage of the typical workplace continues to shrink, many workers -- and managers -- are beginning to wonder whether we've reached the limit.

????"In open workspaces, it's hard for people to get their work done if it requires uninterrupted concentration and focus," says Cali Williams Yost, a flexible workplace strategist and author of Tweak It: Make What Matters to You Happen Every Day. "People who have jobs that require private conversations or uninterrupted thinking really struggle."

????A majority of employers allocate 150 square feet or less per worker, down dramatically from 225 square feet in 2010, according to a recent survey by CoreNet Global, a professional association for corporate real estate managers. Space per person is likely to continue to shrink, with 58% of companies expecting to increase employment in the next year. A whopping 81% of companies surveyed have already adopted an open-space floor plan.

????Assigned space is unused 50% of the time, says Richard Kadzis, CoreNet's vice president for strategic communications. And cutting out that space can benefit a company's balance sheet.

????AT&T (T) eliminated offices and consolidated workspace with savings of $3,000 per office for a total of $550 million per year, according to a General Services Administration report. Nortel's (NTL) telecommuting program saves $20 million a year in real estate, the equivalent of two 20-story office buildings with 40,000 square feet per floor.

????But creating a decent workspace isn't as simple as tearing out office doors and putting in long rows of benches where employees can connect laptops, or putting in place a hoteling system for people to reserve space on an as-needed basis. Done right, an open floor-plan office will include strategically placed quiet rooms for "heads down" work, huddle rooms for small meetings or impromptu discussions, larger conference rooms, and social areas where all that collaboration and innovation can take place. There should also be access to plants and natural light, whether through windows, skylights or creative use of atriums.

????Noise is often the most ignored factor in open design, says Kadzis. Acoustical engineers can do remarkable things with white noise and noise-absorbing materials, but they must be part of the design team. That group should also include executives from technology, environmental sustainability, human resources, and facilities management.

????When editor Susan R. Paisner worked for a Washington, D.C. trade association, only 10 directors had dedicated offices, and the remaining 80 staffers shared one big open space divided into cubicles. "It was difficult for me because I was frequently being told to be quieter," Paisner recalls. "It was a very frustrating, difficult environment to work in."????

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