想象一個(gè)店鋪餐廳林立、顧客歡聲笑語(yǔ)的繁華市中心。而離那里幾個(gè)街區(qū)的地方，則是樓房破爛不堪、土地閑置、失業(yè)率和貧困率居高不下的社區(qū)。

這不是個(gè)別城市的境況。實(shí)際上，美國(guó)和其他國(guó)家的許多市區(qū)都在上演類似的場(chǎng)景。一些充滿生氣、經(jīng)濟(jì)蒸蒸日上的富裕都市也會(huì)有社區(qū)缺少投資、工作、教育和培訓(xùn)。

這種情況十分緊迫，不過幸好還有希望：美國(guó)城市是出色的創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)室。而沒有一個(gè)城市比底特律更好地體現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)。

2014年起，我們與底特律的市長(zhǎng)麥克·達(dá)根和社區(qū)領(lǐng)袖密切合作，以解決底特律的一些最緊迫的問題。從培養(yǎng)訓(xùn)練有素的勞動(dòng)力到讓社區(qū)恢復(fù)活力，再到促進(jìn)小型企業(yè)發(fā)展，我們的一切工作都遵循了包容性增長(zhǎng)的戰(zhàn)略，通過幫助現(xiàn)有居民來推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

由于當(dāng)?shù)仡I(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的合作和參與，我們?cè)谶@些挑戰(zhàn)上已經(jīng)取得了相當(dāng)?shù)倪M(jìn)展。以重振社區(qū)為例，我們很早就意識(shí)到，如果不在市中心和繁忙的商業(yè)走廊以外的區(qū)域進(jìn)行投資，底特律就無法完全回歸。因?yàn)槌鞘惺挆l而遭遇重創(chuàng)的那些環(huán)繞底特律市區(qū)和中城的社區(qū)，需要我們的鼎力支持。

2016年，公有、私有和慈善組織一同成立了戰(zhàn)略社區(qū)基金（Strategic Neighborhood Fund, SNF），這項(xiàng)倡議讓社區(qū)開發(fā)商與私有、慈善和公有資本聯(lián)合起來幫助貧困社區(qū)。

過去兩年里，戰(zhàn)略社區(qū)基金一直在利用基金來建設(shè)商用和住宅房地產(chǎn)，維持并增加更多經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房，改善社區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和服務(wù)，如增加行人照明、提高路口安全性、優(yōu)化公園、共享自行車線路、拆除破舊房屋等。West Village數(shù)十年來第一個(gè)新建的混合用途小區(qū)Coe就是戰(zhàn)略社區(qū)基金開發(fā)的此類項(xiàng)目之一。如今，得到慈善捐助和政府補(bǔ)貼的戰(zhàn)略社區(qū)基金還將募集1,300萬美元，在已經(jīng)開展的三個(gè)社區(qū)項(xiàng)目之外，再讓底特律的七個(gè)社區(qū)重新振興。

通過戰(zhàn)略社區(qū)基金這樣的合作，底特律開始努力創(chuàng)造“20分鐘社區(qū)”：居民通過走路或騎車，能在20分鐘之內(nèi)享受基本的需求與服務(wù)，包括雜貨店、餐廳、醫(yī)院、學(xué)校、公園和公共交通系統(tǒng)。這樣做的目標(biāo)是提高居民的便利性與生活質(zhì)量，為所有收入階層的人營(yíng)造可以并且愿意居住的環(huán)境，從而消除障礙，創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)。

促進(jìn)小型企業(yè)發(fā)展，尤其是那些由少數(shù)族裔的企業(yè)家擁有的企業(yè)，也是我們復(fù)興社區(qū)的重要一環(huán)。

由黑人擁有的企業(yè)在底特律占比為77%，在美國(guó)50個(gè)人口最多的城市中排名第一。滿足這些企業(yè)家的需求，對(duì)于讓他們放手創(chuàng)造機(jī)遇、推動(dòng)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)而言至關(guān)重要。由底特律發(fā)展基金（Detroit Development Fund）支持，得到摩根大通（JPMorgan Chase）和凱洛格基金會(huì)（W.K. Kellogg Foundation）贊助的有色企業(yè)家基金（Entrepreneurs of Color Fund）為那些無法獲得傳統(tǒng)形式資金的人提供了低息貸款和技術(shù)支持。這個(gè)基金十分成功，以至于它在2018年吸引了新的投資者，規(guī)模達(dá)到1,800萬美元，是以前的三倍，最近還擴(kuò)張到了舊金山、芝加哥和南布朗克斯。

盡管還有許多工作要做，但這些全面的實(shí)地工作已經(jīng)描繪了讓世界各地城市最為困擾的問題迎刃而解的藍(lán)圖。

摩根大通最近把這個(gè)模式引入了法國(guó)。公司宣布在“大巴黎”（Greater Paris）投資3,000萬美元，并會(huì)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注該地區(qū)貧困率和失業(yè)率最高的社區(qū)。這項(xiàng)投資將針對(duì)貧困社區(qū)，目標(biāo)是促進(jìn)小型企業(yè)發(fā)展，向居民提供攀登經(jīng)濟(jì)階梯所需的技能培訓(xùn)。

我們的城市改造模式行之有效，是因?yàn)樗o居民提供了改善生活的機(jī)會(huì)。我遇到的這些居民希望城市、企業(yè)和社區(qū)的領(lǐng)袖拋開狹隘的利益，通力協(xié)作來解決社區(qū)問題。

我希望更多的城市能夠注意到我們?cè)诘滋芈蔀閼?yīng)對(duì)艱難的經(jīng)濟(jì)挑戰(zhàn)所做的工作。幫助掙扎的城市重新煥發(fā)生機(jī)與我們所有人息息相關(guān)，只有通過有意義的合作，我們才能實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

作者彼得·L·謝爾是摩根大通的企業(yè)責(zé)任主管和中太平洋地區(qū)董事長(zhǎng)。

譯者：嚴(yán)匡正

Imagine a bustling downtown filled with inviting shops, restaurants, and happy patrons. Just a few blocks away sit neighborhoods with dilapidated houses, buildings, and vacant lots, high unemployment and high poverty rates.

This isn’t the story of any one city. In fact, we see this playing out in far too many urban areas across the U.S. and around the world. Some of the wealthiest cities with vibrant and growing economies have neighborhoods that are struggling from lack of investment, jobs, education, and training.

This situation is urgent, but thankfully there is hope: American cities are excellent laboratories for innovation. And no city better reflects this than Detroit.

Since 2014, we have been working closely with Mayor Mike Duggan and community leaders to solve some of Detroit’s most pressing issues. All of our work—from creating a trained workforce to revitalizing neighborhoods to boosting small business expansion—follows a strategy of inclusive growth that strengthens the economy by helping existing residents.

Thanks to the cooperation and engagement of local leaders, significant progress has been made on these challenges. Take neighborhood revitalization, for example. We recognized early on that Detroit would not fully come back if we did not invest in areas beyond downtown and busy commercial corridors. The neighborhoods—communities surrounding downtown and Midtown Detroit that have been hardest hit by the city’s downturn—needed significant help.

In 2016, public, private, and philanthropic partners jointly developed the Strategic Neighborhood Fund (SNF), an initiative that brings together community developers and private, philanthropic, and public capital to help distressed neighborhoods.

Over the past two years, the SNF has been using funds to build commercial and residential real estate, preserve and add more affordable housing, and enhance community infrastructure and services such as pedestrian lighting, safer street crossings, park improvements, bike-share lanes, and the removal of blighted homes. The Coe—the first new mixed-use development in West Village in decades—is an example of one such project developed by the SNF. Now, drawing from philanthropic contributions and public subsidies, the SNF is working on raising an additional $130 million to revitalize seven more neighborhoods in Detroit, on top of the three it already oversees.

Through partnerships like the SNF, the city has been working to create “20-minute neighborhoods”: areas where residents are a 20-minute walk or a short bike ride away from basic needs and services, including grocery stores, restaurants, hospitals, schools, parks, and public transit. The goal behind this is to remove barriers to opportunity by enhancing convenience and quality of life for residents and creating the conditions for which people at all income levels can and want to live.

Boosting growth of small businesses, particularly those owned by minority entrepreneurs, has also been a critical part of our approach to neighborhood revitalization.

Detroit has the highest percentage of black-owned businesses, 77%, out of America’s 50 most populous cities. Meeting the needs of these entrepreneurs has been vital in unleashing their power as drivers of opportunity and local economic growth. The Entrepreneurs of Color Fund—facilitated by the Detroit Development Fund, with funding from JPMorgan Chase and the W.K. Kellogg Foundation—provides low-cost loans and access to technical assistance to people who can’t obtain traditional forms of capital. This fund has been so successful that in 2018 it attracted new investors, tripling in size to $18 million and recently expanding to San Francisco, Chicago, and the South Bronx.

While much work remains to be done, these comprehensive efforts on the ground have yielded a blueprint for addressing the most vexing issues faced by cities around the world.

Recently, JPMorgan took this model to France, announcing a $30 million investment across Greater Paris with a particular focus on the region’s neighborhoods with the highest poverty and unemployment rates. The investment will target distressed neighborhoods with the goal of boosting small business growth and providing people the skills training needed to climb the economic ladder.

Our urban renewal model works because it helps provide people with opportunities to improve their lives. The residents I’ve met want civic, business, and community leaders to set aside their parochial interests and work together to solve community problems.

My hope is that more cities will look to our work in Detroit for solutions to stubborn economic challenges. We all have a stake in restoring struggling cities, and we can only get there through meaningful collaboration.

Peter L. Scher is the head of corporate responsibility and chairman of the mid-Atlantic region for JPMorgan Chase.