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美聯(lián)儲前主席:“美國現(xiàn)在一團(tuán)糟”

美聯(lián)儲前主席:“美國現(xiàn)在一團(tuán)糟”

Kevin Kellher 2018-10-28
保羅·沃爾克曾對特朗普治下的美國政府和經(jīng)濟(jì)表示悲觀和擔(dān)憂。

近40年前,美聯(lián)儲前主席保羅·沃爾克曾為控制美國通脹立下汗馬功勞,10月23日他罕見地接受了《紐約時報》采訪,對特朗普治下的美國政府和經(jīng)濟(jì)表示悲觀和擔(dān)憂。

沃爾克對《紐約時報》表示:“各方面都一塌糊涂。對政府的尊重、對最高法院的尊重、對總統(tǒng)的尊重都消失殆盡。連對美聯(lián)儲的尊重也沒了……真的糟透了。好在軍隊還有威信。但我不知道,如果沒有人相信領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu),怎么去治理一個民主國家呢?”

91歲的沃爾克此番出面,是為了推廣他最近寫就的回憶錄《堅持到底:追求健全貨幣和良好政府》(Keeping at It: The Quest for Sound Money and Good Government)。

沃爾克于1979年由時任美國總統(tǒng)卡特任命為美聯(lián)儲主席,1987年卸任。1980年3月美國通脹率達(dá)到14.8%時,沃爾克領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的美聯(lián)儲于1981年將聯(lián)邦基金利率提高到了22%的高點(diǎn),此舉使美國經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入衰退,也迎來一個持續(xù)至今的低通脹時代。

他另一項很著名的工作是提出防止銀行挪用消費(fèi)者的存款投向風(fēng)險資產(chǎn)的法案。該理念后來變成《多德-弗蘭克法案》中的沃爾克規(guī)則,也成了大銀行的眼中釘。雖然華爾街可能對沃爾克的一些想法和行為感到不滿,但金融行業(yè)普遍都很尊重他。

在這本回憶錄中,沃爾克講述了1984年總統(tǒng)選舉前和時任總統(tǒng)里根會面,當(dāng)時里根要求他在大選前不要提高利率(沃爾克說自己本來也沒這么打算)。他還說不明白為什么現(xiàn)在美聯(lián)儲把通脹目標(biāo)定為2%。另外,沃爾克嚴(yán)厲批評了如今在華盛頓“扎堆”的游說者。

他對《紐約時報》表示:“關(guān)鍵問題在于我們讓富豪當(dāng)政。有一大堆極為富有的人,他們深信自己富有的原因是既聰明又積極。但他們不喜歡政府,也不喜歡納稅。”(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Charlie

審校:夏林

Paul Volcker, the former Federal Reserve Chairman credited with taming U.S. inflation nearly four decades ago, gave a rare interview on October 23 to the New York Times in which he expressed his pessimism and concerns about the U.S. government and economy during the Trump administration.

“We’re in a hell of a mess in every direction,” Volcker told the Times. “Respect for government, respect for the Supreme Court, respect for the president, it’s all gone. Even respect for the Federal Reserve…. And it’s really bad. At least the military still has all the respect. But I don’t know, how can you run a democracy when nobody believes in the leadership of the country?”

The 91-year-old Volcker made the comments while promoting a memoir he recently completed, “Keeping at It: The Quest for Sound Money and Good Government.”

Volcker was named Fed Chairman by President Carter in 1979 and served until 1987. As the U.S. inflation rate reached 14.8% in March 1980, Volcker’s Fed raised the federal funds rate to as high as 22% in 1981, pushing the U.S. economy into a recession but ushering in an era of lower inflation that has endured ever since.

He’s also known for proposing legislation to prevent banks from using customer deposits in risky investments. The idea became the Volcker Rule in the Dodd-Frank Act, as well as a thorn in the side of big banks. While Wall Street may chafe at some of Volcker’s ideas and actions, he’s widely held in high regard in the financial industry.

In his memoir, Volcker recounts a meeting with President Reagan before the 1984 Presidential election in which Volcker was ordered to not raise interest rates before the election (Volcker said he had no such plans). He also said he puzzled by the current Fed’s use of a 2% inflation target. And his harshest words were for the “swamp” of lobbyists in Washington today

“The central issue is we’re developing into a plutocracy,” Volcker told the Times. “We’ve got an enormous number of enormously rich people that have convinced themselves that they’re rich because they’re smart and constructive. And they don’t like government, and they don’t like to pay taxes.”

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