成人小说亚洲一区二区三区,亚洲国产精品一区二区三区,国产精品成人精品久久久,久久综合一区二区三区,精品无码av一区二区,国产一级a毛一级a看免费视频,欧洲uv免费在线区一二区,亚洲国产欧美中日韩成人综合视频,国产熟女一区二区三区五月婷小说,亚洲一区波多野结衣在线

立即打開
機器人很可能擴大兩性收入差距

機器人很可能擴大兩性收入差距

Claire Zillman 2018-01-04
自動化不一定帶來大規(guī)模失業(yè),但讓財富和收入差距加速擴大的可能性更高。

上周四發(fā)表的一篇新報告指出,機器人有可能使女性的同工不同酬問題變得更糟糕,這讓縈繞在自動化概念周圍的顧慮和不確定性變得更加突出。

該報告題為《管理數(shù)字時代的自動化就業(yè)、收入差距和倫理》(Managing automation Employment, inequality and ethics in the digital age),由英國公共政策研究所(IPPR)撰寫。這家研究所在報告中指出,在女性從事的工作中,46.8%的工作具有實現(xiàn)自動化的技術(shù)潛力,高于男性的40.9%,原因是女性更有可能進入技術(shù)水平低的“可自動化”崗位。再加上女性在有望獲得科技完善的技術(shù)工種中占比偏低,自動化有可能擴大男女收入差距。

IPPR認為:“自動化不一定帶來大規(guī)模失業(yè),但讓財富和收入差距加速擴大的可能性更高?!?

它指出,由于自動化所取代的往往是收入低于平均線的女性勞動者,所以剛開始有可能縮小性別收入差距,(經(jīng)合組織最新數(shù)據(jù)表明,英國的男女收入差距為17.1%,美國為18.9%)。但要繼續(xù)縮小男女收入差距,這些被取代的女性勞動者再就業(yè)時的收入就得接近其他已就業(yè)女性的平均薪酬。在IPPR看來,不大可能出現(xiàn)這樣的情況。一些由女性主導(dǎo)的行業(yè)(如零售店、托兒所和養(yǎng)老院)在提高生產(chǎn)率方面的投資不斷減少,原因可能是目前的勞動力成本是如此之低。

這就意味著這些行業(yè)可能不會遭到顛覆,從而讓現(xiàn)有女性勞動者一直從事低報酬工作,而且有可能從其他實現(xiàn)自動化的行業(yè)吸收女性就業(yè)者。IPPR指出,此外,完善人類工作的技術(shù)有可能提高部分頂薪勞動者的工資,而這些人較有可能是男性,從而“造成更大的收入差距”。

2017年早些時候普華永道曾發(fā)表過一篇研究報告。IPPR這篇探討英國就業(yè)市場的報告提出了和前者相反的觀點。普華永道分析認為,受自動化影響較大的是男性,而非女性。

普華永道的這篇報告名為《機器人會偷走我們的就業(yè)機會嗎?自動化對英國及其他主要經(jīng)濟體的影響》(Will robots steal our jobs? The potential impact of automation on the U.K. and other major economies)。該公司在報告中稱:“我們發(fā)現(xiàn),平均而言男性面臨的崗位自動化風(fēng)險較大,特別是那些文化程度低的男性?!?普華永道得出此項結(jié)論的理由是在男性勞動者集中的交通運輸、倉儲和制造業(yè),技術(shù)顛覆的時機已經(jīng)成熟??偟膩碚f,普華永道發(fā)現(xiàn)35%的男性勞動者面臨的自動化風(fēng)險較高,女性為26%。

IPPR呼吁通過政策干預(yù)來解決它所說的這場不斷迫近的危機。否則,“自動化帶來的生產(chǎn)率紅利就可能引發(fā)‘富足悖論’,也就是說,我們生產(chǎn)的越多,公平分享的就越少”。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Charlie

審校:夏林

A new report published Thursday suggests that robots could make the gender pay gap even worse, stoking existing fears and uncertainty around the concept of automation.

In a paper titled “Managing automation Employment, inequality and ethics in the digital age,” the Institute for Public Policy Research argued that a greater share of jobs that women hold—46.8% versus 40.9% for men—have the technical potential to be automated since female workers are more likely to hold low-skill “automatable” occupations. Paired with women’s underrepresentation in high-skill occupations that may be complemented by technology, that means that automation could exacerbate gender inequality.

“Automation,” IPPR says, “is more likely to accelerate inequalities of wealth and income than create a future of mass joblessness.”

Initially, IPPR says, automation could narrow the gender pay gap since it would displace women from jobs that tend to earn below-average pay. (According to the latest OECD data, the gender wage gap in the U.K. is 17.1%; in the U.S., it’s 18.9%.) But that progress would remain only if displaced women re-entered the labor market at around the new average salary for their gender. That’s unlikely, IPPR says. Some industries dominated by women (such as retail or child and elderly care) are seeing less investment in productivity-raising technology, perhaps because the current human labor is so cheap.

That means those sectors may not be disrupted, leaving existing female workers in the low-paying positions and potentially absorbing female workers from other automating industries. On top of that, technology that complements human work is likely to raise wages of some of the highest earners—who are more likely to be men—”leading to greater wage disparity,” according to IPPR.

The report, which examined the U.K. labor market, serves as a sort of counterpoint to a study published earlier this year by PricewaterhouseCoopers. In its analysis, PwC argued the opposite: that men, rather than women, would bear the brunt of automation.

“On average, we find that men and, in particular, those with lower levels of education…are at greater risk of job automation,” PwC said in its report titled, “Will robots steal our jobs? The potential impact of automation on the U.K. and other major economies.” In drawing its conclusion, PwC cited men’s concentration in transportation and storage and manufacturing jobs that are ripe for technological disruption. All told, PwC found that 35% of men’s jobs had a high risk of automation compared to 26% of women’s.

The IPPR, for its part, called for policy intervention to address the looming crisis it has identified. Without it, “the productivity dividends of automation could create a ‘paradox of plenty,’ in which we produce more, yet it is less equally share.”

掃描二維碼下載財富APP
久久精品免试看国产成人明星| 久久亚洲精品成人综合| 国产女主播精品大秀系列| 亚州熟妇视频无码美女网站黄在线视频| 国产精品高潮呻吟久久AV| 中文字幕人妻无码一夲道| 熟妇女人妻丰满少妇中文字幕| 免费国产黄网站在线看| 久久久精品国产免大香伊| 欧美激情综合五月天不卡| 波多野结衣一区二区三区高清| 最新国产麻豆福利在线观看| 国产精品亚洲产品一区二区三区| 精品国产污污免费网站入口| 伊人久久大香线蕉综合电影| 无码被窝影院午夜看片爽爽jk| 欧美 日韩 综合 三区| 久久中文无码日韩A∨| 伊人久久综合精品无码AV专区| 国产成人v片视频在线观看| 国产人与动人物a级毛片| 国产啪精品视频网站免费尤物| 精品一区在线观看视频网站| 黄色一级网站国产成人毛片| 久久久久久精品免费无码无| 吃奶摸下激烈床震视频试看| 一级特黄高清aaaa大片| 狠人精品人人妻久久久久久人人爽| 国产一卡一卡三卡乱码| 国产大片91精品免费观看3| 午夜自产精品一区二区三区演员| 亚洲国产欧美日韩一区二区| 久久见久久久国产精品蜜桃| 国产精品麻豆成人AV电影| 亚洲日韩精品AⅤ片无码富二代| 国产日韩另类无码不卡精品| 亚洲午夜精品国产电影在线观看| 亚洲日本中文字幕天天更新| 户外裸露刺激视频第一区| 丁香花电影高清在线观看| 精品国产一区二区三区不卡免费|