英國《金融時(shí)報(bào)》咨詢經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家預(yù)計(jì)，蘋果公司的海外持現(xiàn)相關(guān)稅負(fù)將由786億美元降至293億美元。

這相當(dāng)于蘋果可以少納稅473億美元，“減負(fù)”規(guī)模相當(dāng)大，少繳納的金額甚至超過了很多《財(cái)富》500強(qiáng)企業(yè)的市值。正如《金融時(shí)報(bào)》所說，蘋果享有的減稅金額比美國任意一家企業(yè)全年的利潤都高。

目前蘋果在海外持有2520億美元現(xiàn)金和投資。當(dāng)前美國參議院的稅改議案提出，要將企業(yè)海外收入的稅率由35%降至14.5%，據(jù)此推算得出，蘋果的海外收入應(yīng)繳稅額將減少約470億美元。（該推算也考慮到已投資的企業(yè)海外收入需按7.5%的稅率納稅，并假設(shè)蘋果不用向愛爾蘭補(bǔ)繳此前引起稅務(wù)紛爭的130億歐元稅款。）

根據(jù)目前美國共和黨人提出的議案，蘋果將只需要將部分海外持現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)回美國即可享受減稅?！督鹑跁r(shí)報(bào)》咨詢的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家表示，該公司一次性向美國財(cái)政部繳納的海外收入?yún)R回稅將為290億美元或者310億美元，具體金額要看蘋果與愛爾蘭稅款糾紛的結(jié)果而定。

值得一提的是，蘋果跟其他公司不一樣，已經(jīng)為補(bǔ)繳此類稅做了高額撥備。只要將部分海外持現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)回美國，可能蘋果的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表里還會錄得盈利?！督鹑跁r(shí)報(bào)》指出：

“不同于其他大多數(shù)美國跨國企業(yè)，蘋果這些年已經(jīng)為將來可能繳稅的部分計(jì)提了幾十億美元。目前已經(jīng)撥備了364億美元，比可能面臨的稅負(fù)高。未來財(cái)報(bào)中可能將差額計(jì)為一次性收益?！?

當(dāng)然，預(yù)測可能受到很多因素影響，比如參議院和眾議院會不會就不同的議案達(dá)成妥協(xié)，能否順利將最終版本送交特朗普總統(tǒng)簽署成為法案。

如果稅改法獲批，還將帶來一個新問題：蘋果股價(jià)對于減稅的利好已經(jīng)反映多少？《財(cái)富》的編輯肖恩·徒利此前在文章中詳細(xì)探討了這個問題。

另外還有長遠(yuǎn)來看稅改方案將如何影響蘋果的問題。和其他受益于稅改的行業(yè)不同，包括蘋果在內(nèi)的科技企業(yè)的股價(jià)最近出現(xiàn)下跌。這是因?yàn)橥顿Y者認(rèn)為，稅收規(guī)定改動后，美國企業(yè)將利潤轉(zhuǎn)移到海外可能會更困難。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：Pessy

審稿：夏林

According to economists consulted by the Financial Times (subscription required), the iPhone maker stands to see tax liabilities related to its overseas cash hoard decline to $29.3 billion from $78.6 billion.

That savings of $47.3 billion is an amount of money greater than the market value of many Fortune 500 companies and, as the FT notes, exceeds the annual profits of any other U.S. company.

Apple currently has $252 billion in foreign cash and investments. The $47 billion figure is based on the company repatriating all of that under the Senate’s current tax proposal, which would lower the corporate tax rate to 14.5% from 35% for overseas earnings. (It also takes account of a 7.5% rate for overseas earnings that have been reinvested and assumes Apple will not recover a disputed 13 billion euros in back taxes it owes to Ireland).

Under the proposed law, Apple would only have to repatriate a part of its foreign cash. The FT’s economist says the company’s immediate tax bill to the U.S. Treasury would be $31 billion or $29 billion depending on the outcome of the Ireland dispute.

It’s notable that, unlike other companies, Apple has already set aside a large amount to cover such liabilities—and that it would likely book a profit if it must repatriate part of its overseas cash. As the FT notes:

Unlike most other US multinationals, Apple has already taken billions of dollars of charges in past years to reflect its potential taxes. It has set aside $36.4bn for those bills — more than the tax charge it is now likely to face — and would likely record the difference as a one-off profit.

All of this, of course, is contingent on several things, including whether the Senate can reconcile its bill with the House’s version, and deliver a final version of the law for President Trump’s signature.

If the tax law is passed, it would also raise the question of how much of the potential tax savings are baked into Apple’s current share price—a question explored in detail by colleague Shawn Tully here.

There is also the matter of how the tax plan will affect Apple in the long term. Contrary to other industries, the share price of tech companies, including Apple, has dropped in light of other changes to the tax rules that make it harder to move profits overseas.