小米和微軟（Microsoft）宣布結(jié)成合作伙伴關(guān)系，這意味著兩家公司表現(xiàn)不佳的智能手機(jī)業(yè)務(wù)也許將迎來新的前景。

從今年9月開始，小米的智能手機(jī)中將預(yù)裝微軟的Office和Skype應(yīng)用，而小米也從這家位于華盛頓州雷德蒙德的巨頭那里獲得一些迫切需要的專利。兩家公司于上周三上午在北京簽訂了這份交叉授權(quán)和轉(zhuǎn)讓專利的協(xié)議。小米表示，此舉讓公司與全球領(lǐng)先的科技企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)了合作。與此同時(shí)，微軟也獲得了提供服務(wù)的新平臺(tái)。

達(dá)成協(xié)議的這兩家公司都不是強(qiáng)勢方。微軟在智能手機(jī)市場幾乎已經(jīng)出局。IDC表示，微軟的移動(dòng)操作系統(tǒng)的全球市場占有率在去年已經(jīng)跌至不足2%。而小米也失去了曾經(jīng)迅猛發(fā)展的勢頭。

對(duì)志在成為全球消費(fèi)品牌的小米而言，這次的合作十分重要。Counterpoint Research的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，小米智能手機(jī)的銷售額在今年第一季度的同比增長已經(jīng)下滑至不足9%，而他們?nèi)ツ甑臐q幅約為23%。這樣的增長率，只比規(guī)模大得多的蘋果（Apple）高出一點(diǎn)。相比之下，2015年小米共售出了7,100萬部智能手機(jī)，而蘋果售出了2.31億部iPhone。一年多以前，小米的智能手機(jī)還在全球市場占有率上名列第三，而如今他們已經(jīng)跌出了前五。

小米的智能手機(jī)在質(zhì)量上無法與蘋果的產(chǎn)品媲美，也越來越比不上中國的華為。如今公司的銷量增長主要來源于在印度、巴西和中國銷售的廉價(jià)機(jī)型。所以，正如《財(cái)富》雜志本月報(bào)告顯示的那樣，小米去年的總收入比起前年幾乎沒有增長。

通過合作獲得的微軟的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，對(duì)小米必然大有助益。這家智能手機(jī)廠商只有五年歷史，缺乏知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)情有可原。分析師指出，由于小米缺乏知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，直到去年年底，他們才在智能手機(jī)中安裝指紋傳感器，是中國主要的智能手機(jī)廠商中最晚的一家。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的匱乏也讓小米在進(jìn)入發(fā)達(dá)國家市場上非常謹(jǐn)慎，因?yàn)樵谀抢镌庥鲈V訟的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很高。

但僅僅有了專利，還不足以讓小米成功進(jìn)軍美國或歐洲。

小米的核心商業(yè)模式是在網(wǎng)上以零利潤或幾乎沒有利潤的低價(jià)銷售手機(jī)，借此吸引用戶在他們的服務(wù)上消費(fèi)。這一點(diǎn)很難在中國之外的地區(qū)復(fù)制。例如，美國的消費(fèi)者更喜歡在實(shí)體店購買手機(jī)。在印度，小米也轉(zhuǎn)投實(shí)體店銷售的模式。此外，小米的服務(wù)提供范圍僅限于中國。他們現(xiàn)在的操作系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建于谷歌（Google）的安卓平臺(tái)上。因?yàn)楣雀璧姆?wù)被中國屏蔽，所以谷歌允許小米在該國使用自己的服務(wù)。但在中國之外，小米手機(jī)捆綁的是谷歌的應(yīng)用商店和其他服務(wù)。

小米的國際業(yè)務(wù)拓展部門主管雨果?巴拉和其他高管稱，小米是一家互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司，而不是手機(jī)廠商。他們表示，這是因?yàn)樵谥袊∶自谝魳?、視頻和游戲上的每用戶收入正在迅速增長，盡管其基數(shù)很低。

然而，智能手機(jī)銷售額的增長依舊是小米業(yè)務(wù)的關(guān)鍵。智能手機(jī)的銷售額也能推動(dòng)公司在音樂和視頻等服務(wù)上進(jìn)行投資。蘋果的分析師托尼?薩克納西指出，蘋果自身的服務(wù)與智能手機(jī)的銷量增長息息相關(guān)。用戶如果購買了新手機(jī)，就會(huì)順帶著購買新服務(wù)，如果他們使用老款手機(jī)，購買的服務(wù)就會(huì)相對(duì)較少。小米面臨著同樣的困境。

小米的希望在于，微軟可以讓他們的智能手機(jī)擁有更高的立足點(diǎn)。Counterpoint Research印度區(qū)主管尼爾?沙哈表示：“小米可能以特價(jià)購得了受保護(hù)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。但是作為回報(bào)，微軟也得到了小米這樣一位認(rèn)真的合作伙伴，用于推廣他們自身的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)?！?

與此同時(shí)，微軟最近在智能手機(jī)領(lǐng)域也頗不順利。上周，微軟表示他們裁掉了超過1,800名員工，將其智能手機(jī)業(yè)務(wù)的價(jià)值減記了9.5億美元。分析師指出，再加上其他削減的規(guī)模，微軟為2014年轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的收購諾基亞（Nokia）之舉，已經(jīng)付出了共計(jì)超過72億美元的代價(jià)。微軟的智能手機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)的市場占有率也萎縮到僅剩幾個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

兩家公司將如何進(jìn)行合作，觀察家們需要拭目以待。不過客觀地說，我們沒有過分樂觀的理由。 （財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：嚴(yán)匡正

A just-announced partnership between Xiaomi and Microsoft represents a potentially promising collaboration between two struggling smartphone businesses.

Starting in September, Xiaomi’s smartphones will ship with Microsoft’s Office apps and Skype, while Xiaomi will receive some much needed patents from the Redmond, Wash., giant. Xiaomi said the cross-license and patent-transfer agreement, which the two companies announced last Wednesday morning in China, helps it meet its goal of building relationships with global tech leaders. Microsoft, meanwhile, gets a new platform for its services.

Neither company is approaching this deal from a place of strength. Microsoft is all but irrelevant in smartphones—the global market share for its mobile operating system dropped below 2% last year, says IDC— while Xiaomi’s once ascendant path has stalled.

The deal is most important for Xiaomi’s ambitions of becoming a global consumer brand. Xiaomi’s smartphone growth was down 9% year-over-year in the first quarter, according to Counterpoint Research, while growth last year was around 23%, just a hair better than much bigger Apple. For comparison: Xiaomi sold 71 million smartphones in 2015; Apple sold 232 million iPhones. Xiaomi, which a little over a year ago enjoyed the third largest global market share for smartphones, has fallen outside the top 5.

Xiaomi’s smartphones haven’t been able to match the quality of Apple’s or, increasingly, Huawei’s in China, and growth is now coming from lower-priced models it sells, in India, Brazil and China. That explains why Xiaomi’s total revenues were nearly flat last year compared with the year before, as Fortune reported this month.

The deal for Microsoft’s intellectual property is bound to help Xiaomi, which understandably suffers from an IP deficit, being a five-year-old smartphone maker. Because of this deficit, analysts note, Xiaomi was the last of the major Chinese smartphone makers to add a fingerprint sensor to its phones late last year. IP weaknesses have also made Xiaomi wary of entering developed markets where litigation risk is high.

But patents alone won’t help Xiaomi successfully expand in the U.S. or Europe.

Xiaomi’s core business model—selling phones online at cutthroat prices for no margin, or nearly no margin, in hopes of attracting users to spend on its services—is difficult to replicate outside China. Shoppers in the U.S., for instance, prefer to buy phones in stores. In India, Xiaomi has turned to brick-and-mortar partners. Moreover, Xiaomi’s services aren’t offered anywhere outside China. Its current operating system is built off of Google’s Android platform. Since Google’s services are blocked inside China, Google allows Xiaomi to offer its services in place of Google’s inside that country. But outside of China, Xiaomi’s phones run with Google’s App store and other services.

Xiaomi’s head of international, Hugo Barra, and other executives say the startup is an internet company, not a smartphone seller. They say this because Xiaomi’s services in music, video and games are driving revenue per user in China, albeit from very low levels.

However, smartphone sales growth remains key to its business. Smartphones sales drive spending on services like music and video. Apple analyst Toni Sacconaghi has pointed out Apple’s own services are highly correlated with smartphone growth. When people buy new phones, they buy new services; with older phones, less so. Xiaomi faces the same dilemma.

The hope for Xiaomi must be that Microsoft can put its smartphone on better footing. “Xiaomi gets IP protected with possibly a special price,” says Neil Shah, a director at Counterpoint Research in India. “But in return Microsoft locks in Xiaomi as a serious partner to drive its own ecosystem.”

Still, this is the same Microsoft that has had recent misadventures in smartphones. Last week Microsoft said it was laying off more than 1,800 workers and writing down the value of its smartphone business by $950 million. Analysts noted that this amount, along with other past writedowns, add up to more than the $7.2 billion Microsoft paid to acquire Nokia in a blockbuster 2014 deal. Its smartphone operating system market share has dwindled to a couple percentage points.

Observers must wait to see how each company approaches the partnership. But objectively, there isn’t overwhelming reason for optimism.