????美銀美林（Bank of America Merrill Lynch）本周發(fā)布最新報(bào)告就顯示，2014年，全球機(jī)器人市場(chǎng)全年銷(xiāo)售額達(dá)到107億美元，創(chuàng)下歷史記錄。當(dāng)年，包括相關(guān)軟件和傳感器在內(nèi)，機(jī)器人技術(shù)市場(chǎng)的總價(jià)值已達(dá)320億美元，預(yù)計(jì)到2020年，其市場(chǎng)規(guī)模將達(dá)到830億美元。

????機(jī)器人市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展，得益于數(shù)據(jù)分析、微芯片和傳感器等技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，而隨著技術(shù)演進(jìn)，未來(lái)的機(jī)器人將變得更加靈活和強(qiáng)大，將可以執(zhí)行更為復(fù)雜的任務(wù)，如測(cè)試微型電路板等。

????報(bào)告表示，機(jī)器人制造成本的持續(xù)下降，將使更多普通人有能力購(gòu)買(mǎi)機(jī)器人。

????該報(bào)告披露的以下五個(gè)市場(chǎng)機(jī)遇，值得投資者關(guān)注：

????1. 機(jī)器人變得價(jià)格更低、能力更強(qiáng)大

????如果你想要一臺(tái)可執(zhí)行焊接任務(wù)的機(jī)器人，卻沒(méi)有足夠的資金，不妨等一等。因?yàn)闄C(jī)器人的價(jià)格正在持續(xù)降低。2005年，一臺(tái)焊接機(jī)器人的價(jià)格約為182,000美元。但去年，一款類(lèi)似設(shè)備的價(jià)格已經(jīng)下降到133,000美元，而且新設(shè)備變得更加敏捷，可以更好地理解周邊環(huán)境信息。報(bào)告稱(chēng)，今天花100,000美元購(gòu)買(mǎi)的機(jī)器人，比十年前花相同價(jià)格購(gòu)買(mǎi)的機(jī)器人，可以執(zhí)行的任務(wù)增加了一倍。

????2. 中國(guó)已是全球最大機(jī)器人購(gòu)買(mǎi)市場(chǎng)

????2014年，中國(guó)購(gòu)買(mǎi)了57,000臺(tái)機(jī)器人，占全球機(jī)器人銷(xiāo)量的四分之一，連續(xù)兩年成為全球最大的機(jī)器人市場(chǎng)。在這一年，中國(guó)每10,000名員工的機(jī)器人擁有量已達(dá)到35臺(tái)。不過(guò)，對(duì)于同一指標(biāo)，日本和德國(guó)分別達(dá)到約300至385臺(tái)。因此，中國(guó)將繼續(xù)在機(jī)器人市場(chǎng)追趕其他國(guó)家，以便解決人口老齡化和總勞動(dòng)力參與率下降的問(wèn)題。數(shù)量龐大的機(jī)器人員工將有望幫助中國(guó)制造業(yè)彌補(bǔ)這方面的不足。

????3. 汽車(chē)行業(yè)成為機(jī)器人消費(fèi)大戶(hù)

????自2010年以來(lái)，汽車(chē)行業(yè)的機(jī)器人購(gòu)買(mǎi)量一直領(lǐng)先于其他所有行業(yè)。報(bào)告稱(chēng)，2014年，汽車(chē)公司購(gòu)買(mǎi)的工業(yè)機(jī)器人占工業(yè)機(jī)器人總銷(xiāo)量的近二分之一。這部分原因在于，汽車(chē)和卡車(chē)等制造業(yè)需要大量工作，機(jī)器人可以滿(mǎn)足此類(lèi)重復(fù)性勞動(dòng)，而成本卻遠(yuǎn)低于工人工資。例如，在美國(guó)，一名點(diǎn)焊工人的時(shí)薪約為25美元，而機(jī)器人每小時(shí)的成本僅有8美元。有些汽車(chē)公司非常重視他們的機(jī)器人，甚至為它們?nèi)×颂厥獾拿?。例如，特斯拉（Tesla）便以動(dòng)漫中的超級(jí)英雄們?yōu)槠錂C(jī)器人命名，如金剛狼和X教授等。

????4. 機(jī)器人是否會(huì)搶走你的飯碗？有可能！

????任何一份有關(guān)機(jī)器人的報(bào)告，都不得不承認(rèn)一個(gè)事實(shí)，即人類(lèi)擔(dān)心機(jī)器人會(huì)搶走自己的工作。美銀美林的報(bào)告也指出，在許多行業(yè)，機(jī)器人可能會(huì)取代人類(lèi)，尤其是汽車(chē)制造業(yè)。但隨著機(jī)器人將人類(lèi)從枯燥的重復(fù)性勞動(dòng)中解放出來(lái)，未來(lái)會(huì)有出現(xiàn)新的工作機(jī)會(huì)。在剛剛結(jié)束不久的“2015《財(cái)富》全球論壇”上，眾多機(jī)器人專(zhuān)家針對(duì)職場(chǎng)中的機(jī)器人技術(shù)展開(kāi)討論，爭(zhēng)論的結(jié)果與上述觀(guān)點(diǎn)不謀而合。

????5. “千禧一代”更易于信任由機(jī)器人處理財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題

????在未來(lái)，金融行業(yè)將可以利用機(jī)器人技術(shù)和人工智能的進(jìn)步，創(chuàng)造出了一種所謂的“機(jī)器人分析師”崗位，也就是由電腦計(jì)算分析數(shù)并為銀行客戶(hù)提供理財(cái)建議。報(bào)告稱(chēng)，富有的“千禧一代”“比其他群體更有可能信任科技，在理財(cái)咨詢(xún)服務(wù)方面也不例外。”這方面巧合有一個(gè)最新的例證。據(jù)彭博社報(bào)道，美國(guó)銀行正在開(kāi)發(fā)機(jī)器人顧問(wèn)，將負(fù)責(zé)處理低于250,000美元的賬戶(hù)。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????譯者：劉進(jìn)龍/汪皓

????The robot industry is experiencing a boom period that’s not likely to slow anytime soon.

????Bank of America Merrill Lynch BAC 3.81% released a report this week that said that annual global sales of robots reached a record $10.7 billion in 2014. The authors valued the overall market for robotic technologies, which also includes related software and sensors, at $32 billion for the same year. By 2020, the authors expect the robot market to be worth $83 billion.

????The growth comes amid advancements in data analytics, microchips, and sensors. Because of the improved technology, robots are more flexible, powerful, and can perform more complicated tasks like testing tiny circuit boards.

????The cost of robots is going down as well, which has made buying a robot more affordable, the authors said. Here are five interesting tidbits from the report:

????1. Robots are getting cheaper and more powerful

????If you always wanted a robot that can weld but couldn’t afford one, just wait. The price is dropping. In 2005, welding robots cost roughly $182,000. But last year, a similar machine that was more nimble and could better understand its surroundings cost $133,000. Spending $100,000 for a robot today will get you a machine that can do twice as much as a robot 10 years ago that used to cost the price, the report said.

????2. China is the biggest buyer of robots

????China bought 57,000 robots in 2014, representing a quarter of all robots sold worldwide. This is second year in the row that China led the world in buying robots as it plays catch-up to other countries. In 2014, China had 35 industrial robots per 10,000 employees. But both Japan and Germany have around 300 to 385 industrial robots per 10,000 employees, according to the report. One of the reasons China is buying a lot of robots is because of an aging population and a decline in the overall labor force participation rate, the authors wrote. An influx of robots could help the country’s manufacturing sector compensate.

????3. The automotive industry is buying a ton of robots

????It takes a lot of work to build cars and trucks. Since 2010, the automotive industry has led all other sectors in buying robots. In 2014, the authors write that auto companies bought almost one out of every two industrial robots sold. They perform repetitive task more cheaply than humans, the authors said. In the U.S., for example, the report said that it costs nearly $25 an hour for a human to spot weld while a robot costs only $8 an hour. On a side note, the authors write that some auto companies value their robots so much, they give them special names. Tesla TSLA 0.25% , for example, names some of their robots after famous comic book superheroes like Wolverine and Professor X.

????4. Will robots take your jobs? Maybe

????You can’t have a report on robots without acknowledging people’s fears that robots could replace them on the job. The authors said that it’s likely robots will replace humans in many industries, pointing to the auto industry, in particular. But new jobs could emerge as robots free people from performing menial and repetitive tasks. This sentiment was echoed at a recent discussion on robotics in the workplace by a panel of robotic experts at this year’s Fortune Global Forum.

????5. Millennials are more likely to trust robots to handle their finances

????The finance industry is taking advantage of advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence to create so-called robo-analysts, essentially computers that calculate numbers and give financial advice to banking clients. The report said that affluent millennials are more likely to “place a great deal of faith in technology compared to other generations and this is no different in financial advisory services.” Coincidentally, a Bloomberg report on Friday said that Bank of America is developing a robo-advisor that will handle accounts less than $250,000.