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設(shè)計(jì)重塑未來病房

設(shè)計(jì)重塑未來病房

Clay Dillow 2013-08-05
從電子產(chǎn)品到飛機(jī),巧妙的設(shè)計(jì)讓一切都發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化?,F(xiàn)在有一隊(duì)建筑師和設(shè)計(jì)師認(rèn)為,設(shè)計(jì)也能讓醫(yī)療業(yè)改天換日。目前,這支團(tuán)隊(duì)打造的“2020病房”樣板房已經(jīng)面世,充分展示了設(shè)計(jì)在改善病患住院體驗(yàn)、減少醫(yī)源性感染、降低醫(yī)院運(yùn)營成本的潛力。

????醫(yī)療業(yè)一向有些平淡無奇。政府管制、缺乏透明度的醫(yī)保政策,還有護(hù)理病患的繁重工作構(gòu)成了一個(gè)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò),時(shí)尚元素在里面基本沒有多少容身之地。身在其中的工作人員也很少會(huì)有余暇退后一步,審視一下整個(gè)醫(yī)療體系,同時(shí)反思一下,如果有人能放慢節(jié)奏、認(rèn)真思索一些具體問題,就能了解哪些做法是行之有效的,哪些無法奏效,以及哪些方面能有所改觀。醫(yī)療業(yè)的這個(gè)特點(diǎn)決定了,這個(gè)行業(yè)里實(shí)際上沒人有時(shí)間、有興趣考慮設(shè)計(jì)的作用。

????據(jù)一些建筑師和設(shè)計(jì)師反映,在設(shè)計(jì)上缺乏思考正是醫(yī)療業(yè)之所以在眾多方面難以達(dá)標(biāo)的重要原因。畢竟設(shè)計(jì)不是光關(guān)乎形式,它還與功能休戚相關(guān)。薩莉?惠特曼說:“我們認(rèn)為,設(shè)計(jì)擁有推動(dòng)各個(gè)行業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)變革的潛力,正像它已在電子工業(yè)、汽車業(yè)和其他眾多領(lǐng)域所表現(xiàn)的那樣。但在醫(yī)療業(yè),我們還沒有系統(tǒng)地開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)的潛能?!?/p>

????惠特曼是NXT Health的執(zhí)行總監(jiān),這是一家致力于醫(yī)療業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的非營利組織。用她的說法就是,這是一家醫(yī)療業(yè)長期以來一直付之闕如的研發(fā)工作室。它于2006年經(jīng)美國國防部(Department of Defense)批準(zhǔn)成立。當(dāng)時(shí)國防部要求由這家機(jī)構(gòu)主導(dǎo),與其他機(jī)構(gòu)合作設(shè)計(jì)未來的病房——不是充滿未來感的手術(shù)室,也不是一套全新的治療技術(shù),而是能在個(gè)體層面上改善療效的病房。這種病房本身及其設(shè)計(jì)原則幾經(jīng)改變,但基本目標(biāo)始終如一:嚴(yán)格地通過更好的設(shè)計(jì),而不是什么顛覆行業(yè)的技術(shù)突破或聯(lián)邦法律的強(qiáng)制要求,來為病患創(chuàng)造更好的護(hù)理體驗(yàn)。

????現(xiàn)在,這種種努力的最終成果終于橫空出世了。它名為“2020病房”(Patient Room 2020 ),這個(gè)月在位于紐約的杜邦可麗耐設(shè)計(jì)工作室(the DuPont Corian Design Studio)正式揭幕。從表面上看,現(xiàn)在的病房和未來的病房之間的差別可能主要體現(xiàn)在裝修上。但NXT Health團(tuán)隊(duì)與其合作者——30多位來自各行業(yè)的合作伙伴,他們分別貢獻(xiàn)了打造這個(gè)樣板病房所需的技術(shù)、材料和技術(shù)訣竅——堅(jiān)稱,看待“2020病房”不應(yīng)該只著眼于表面價(jià)值。對(duì)供病人和醫(yī)護(hù)人員所用的各種技術(shù)進(jìn)行簡化和整合可能看似容易,重新設(shè)計(jì)過的衛(wèi)生間也頗為美觀,但這支團(tuán)隊(duì)表示,這些改變真正代表的是對(duì)病人所處的環(huán)境從整體上所做的重新思考。多年來,這個(gè)環(huán)境在很大程度上一直都一成不變。

????國際建筑公司斯堪斯卡公司(Skanska)是“2020病房”項(xiàng)目的合作者之一。安德魯?奎克是該公司美國分公司的卓越醫(yī)療中心(Health Care Center of Excellence)資深副總裁。他說:“醫(yī)療業(yè)正處在發(fā)展的十字路口,從臨床角度看,它正在經(jīng)歷一場顛覆性的變革。所以,現(xiàn)在當(dāng)你開始關(guān)注醫(yī)院的建筑環(huán)境時(shí),就不能指望今后還像過去幾十年一樣用同樣的方式、在同樣的空間提供醫(yī)療服務(wù)?!?

????There's very little that's sexy about the health care industry. Within the tangled threads connecting government regulation, opaque insurance policies, and the actual work of patient care itself, there's not a lot of room for glitz or style, and certainly very little time for those working within the health care machine to step back, take inventory of the larger system, and reflect on what's working, what's not, and what could be better if only someone would stop and think through certain problems. This aspect of health care ensures that virtually nobody in the industry has the time or the inclination to dwell on the role of design.

????According to a small group of architects and designers, this lack of design-thinking is precisely why the health care industry struggles to deliver on so many levels. Design, after all, isn't just about form. It's about function. "We think that design has the power to revolutionize industries, just as it has in electronics, in cars, in everything else," Salley Whitman says. "But in health care we haven't tapped into that in a systematic way."

????Whitman is the Executive Director of NXT Health, a non-profit health care design organization that she describes as something like the research and development shop that the health care industry has always lacked. NXT Health got its start back in 2006 via a Department of Defense grant asking the organization to lead a design collaboration in producing the hospital room of the future -- not a futuristic operating theater or a suite of new treatment technologies, but a patient room that could improve health care outcomes at the individual level. The room itself and the design principles underpinning it have undergone some changes and alterations in the interim, but fundamentally the objective has remained the same: to create better patient care strictly through better design -- no game-changing technological breakthroughs or federal legislation required.

????The final product of that effort -- christened Patient Room 2020 -- was unveiled this month at the DuPont Corian Design Studio in New York City. On its face the differences between the patient room of the present and the patient room of the future might appear largely cosmetic. But the NXT Health team and its collaborators -- more than 30 industry partners kicked in technology, materials, and know-how to produce the prototype -- insist that Patient Room 2020 not be taken at, well, face value. The streamlining and packaging of disparate technologies for patient and caregiver use might seem like obvious solutions, the redesign of the bathroom a nice aesthetic touch. But what this really represents, the team says, is a wholesale rethinking of the patient environment, which has remained largely unchanged for decades.

????"The health care industry itself is really at a crossroads, it's really being turned upside down from a clinical perspective," says Andrew Quirk, senior vice president for the Health Care Center of Excellence at the U.S. outpost of global construction firm Skanska (SKBSY), a collaborator on the Patient Room 2020 project. "So when you turn to the built environment, you can't expect to deliver health care in the future the same way -- and in the same space -- as you did in the last few decades."?

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