成人小说亚洲一区二区三区,亚洲国产精品一区二区三区,国产精品成人精品久久久,久久综合一区二区三区,精品无码av一区二区,国产一级a毛一级a看免费视频,欧洲uv免费在线区一二区,亚洲国产欧美中日韩成人综合视频,国产熟女一区二区三区五月婷小说,亚洲一区波多野结衣在线

立即打開
硬件革命時(shí)代到來

硬件革命時(shí)代到來

John Hagel,John Seely Brown 2013-05-13
3D打印機(jī)等設(shè)備的逐漸普及給硬件設(shè)計(jì)與生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域帶來了重大轉(zhuǎn)變,推動了“制造者運(yùn)動”的迅速成熟,全民制造的時(shí)代正在向我們走來。未來,下一代的“殺手級”硬件很有可能將從一家小創(chuàng)業(yè)公司里誕生。

????僅僅幾年前,要想設(shè)計(jì)、制造和推廣像蘋果(Apple)iPhone這樣改變了游戲規(guī)則的產(chǎn)品,可能得需要一個(gè)龐大的商業(yè)帝國群策群力。而在今天,更讓人興奮的是,小人物也更有希望創(chuàng)造這種奇跡。

????許多人已經(jīng)注意到了硬件領(lǐng)域近年來出現(xiàn)的一種變化,同時(shí)也注意到一批新型、小型的公司正在崛起??死锼?安德森在他的新書《制造者:新工業(yè)革命》(Makers: The New Industrial Revolution)一書中以大量篇幅寫到了所謂“制造者運(yùn)動”的興起。保羅?格拉罕姆最近的論文《硬件復(fù)興》(The Hardware Renaissance)也提到,在風(fēng)投基金Y Combinator最近一輪投資的84家創(chuàng)業(yè)公司中,有7家都在做硬件,數(shù)量有一定提高。艾里克?斯科恩菲爾德在他的博客中寫道,“硬件是新的軟件,”并稱風(fēng)投機(jī)構(gòu)也在更加積極地尋找做硬件的創(chuàng)業(yè)公司進(jìn)行投資。

????硬件領(lǐng)域的這些發(fā)展,有一部分是由于科技的價(jià)格和性能的改善。像3D打印機(jī)、數(shù)控鏤銑機(jī)和激光切割機(jī)等工業(yè)設(shè)備原先只有高端的設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)才能使用得到,而現(xiàn)在它們已經(jīng)變成了消費(fèi)性產(chǎn)品。一款入門級的3D打印機(jī)的價(jià)格已經(jīng)降到不到1,000美元。另外像,馬達(dá)、控制設(shè)備以及像Arduino(一種幫助計(jì)算機(jī)與實(shí)體世界進(jìn)行互動的工具)等硬件產(chǎn)品的零部件的功能也變得越來越強(qiáng)大,同時(shí)價(jià)格卻越來越低廉。

????軟件方面,我們也有了價(jià)格低廉甚至完全免費(fèi)的CAD制圖軟件。甚至還有一款移動應(yīng)用可以通過手機(jī)攝像頭來捕捉物體的3D圖像,以便進(jìn)行3D打印。

????基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)的一些新元素也有助于使一些新硬件產(chǎn)品走出業(yè)余愛好者的地下室,進(jìn)入創(chuàng)業(yè)公司的設(shè)計(jì)室。比如在以前,要想獲得合約制造商的關(guān)注,就得保證你能下一個(gè)大訂單(比如生產(chǎn)5萬個(gè)以上的產(chǎn)品)。但是隨著一批新型工廠的出現(xiàn)(其中的大多數(shù)在中國和墨西哥),就算每批只有5,000個(gè)產(chǎn)品的小訂單也有人愿意接。如此一來,這些工廠填補(bǔ)了市場的一個(gè)重要的結(jié)構(gòu)性空白,使企業(yè)家可以以較小的投資,推出某些面向較小眾消費(fèi)群體的新產(chǎn)品。另外像Kickstarter等新型融資平臺以及愿意銷售數(shù)量較低的產(chǎn)品的新型在線推廣渠道也降低了行業(yè)的門檻。

????以上這些新發(fā)展為經(jīng)典的顛覆式創(chuàng)新模式提供了正確的要素。而所謂經(jīng)典的顛覆式創(chuàng)新模式一般是指從向某個(gè)尚未被開發(fā)的小眾市場提供商品開始,然后漸漸將生意做大,直至取代一個(gè)規(guī)模更大的競爭對手。同時(shí)這些新的發(fā)展也為一些新型企業(yè)打開了一扇門。它們不必把規(guī)模做得很大,就能做到非常盈利。個(gè)人或小型設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)可以專門針對市場的某個(gè)有利可圖的領(lǐng)域設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品,同時(shí)還可避免高額的店面費(fèi)用和生產(chǎn)成本。

????不過科技和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施并不是推動硬件進(jìn)步的唯一因素?!爸圃煺哌\(yùn)動”的興起也離不開人才的興起。我們已經(jīng)關(guān)注到了所謂“創(chuàng)造空間”的出現(xiàn)?!皠?chuàng)造空間”指的就是能夠支持和鼓勵學(xué)習(xí)與進(jìn)步氛圍的社群、網(wǎng)絡(luò)與文化。我們在從藝術(shù)到職業(yè)電子競技再到極限運(yùn)動等很多領(lǐng)域都發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種現(xiàn)象,人們在這些領(lǐng)域中努力做著以前從來沒有人去做的事。而且我們發(fā)現(xiàn),在這些創(chuàng)造空間里還存在著某些共性元素:

????Just a few years ago, it would have taken a corporate empire to design, build, and market a hardware game-changer like Apple's (AAPL) iPhone. Today, there's far more hope -- and excitement -- surrounding the little guy, and for good reason.

????Many people have noted a shift in the hardware landscape and the emergence of new, smaller companies. In his book Makers: The New Industrial Revolution, Chris Anderson writes extensively about the rise of the "Maker Movement." Paul Graham's recent essay "The Hardware Renaissance" mentions the recent uptick (7 out of the latest class of 84) in hardware startups at Y Combinator. In his blog, Erick Schonfeld wrote that "Hardware is the New Software," and that VCs are pursuing hardware startups more aggressively as well.

????The developments in the hardware space are in part driven by the improving price and performance of technology. Industrial tools, such as 3-D printers, CNC routers, and laser cutters, which were previously only available to high-end design teams, are becoming consumer products. An entry level 3-D printer costs less than $1,000. The components for hardware products, such as motors, control devices, and Arduinos (tools to help computers interact with the physical world), are all increasingly powerful and affordable as well.

????On the software front, there are intuitive CAD programs available for modest prices or for free. There's even an app that uses a cellphone camera to capture 3-D images of objects so they can be 3-D printed.

????New infrastructural elements have also helped new hardware products move from the hobbyist's basement to the startup garage. Before, to get a contract manufacturer's attention, you had to commit to producing high volumes (say 50,000 or more units). But a new class of factories -- mostly in China and Mexico -- will manufacture batches as small as 5,000 units. By filling low-volume orders, these factories have filled an important structural hole in the market: They allow entrepreneurs to launch new products for small consumer groups with little investment. And new funding platforms such as Kickstarter and online distribution channels (also amenable to selling products at low volumes) have decreased barriers to entry.

????These developments have provided the right ingredients for the classic model of disruptive innovation: Start by providing a new product to a niche, underserved market and then scale to displace a larger competitor. They have also opened the door for new businesses that can be highly profitable without scaling. Individuals or small design teams can design niche products to cherry-pick profitable sections out of a market while avoiding the high overhead of storefronts and manufacturing.

????But the advances in hardware haven't been driven by technology and infrastructure alone. The "maker movement" has been driven by a flourishing of talent. We've watched the emergence of what we call creation spaces: communities, networks, and cultures that encourage learning and improvement. We've observed this phenomenon in many fields, from the arts to professional gaming to extreme sports -- fields where people are striving to do things that have never been done before. Here are some of the common elements we've found among these creation spaces:

掃描二維碼下載財(cái)富APP
荡公乱妇HD在线播放BD| 亚洲欧美一级久久精品| 欧美人妻免费大片一级a一级久久三| 日韩乱码人妻无码中文字幕| 久久免费不卡一区二区三区| 欧美日韩视频一区二区三区。| 久久国产成人午夜AV影院无码| 国产精品老熟女露脸视频| 女人下边被添全过视频| 成人高潮视频在线观看| 91av在线免费视频| 惠民福利狂野欧美性猛交xxxx| 亚洲欧洲国产欧美一区精品| 天堂8在线天堂资源BT| 黑丝长腿国产在线观看| 东京无码熟妇人妻AV在线网址| 久久亚洲AV成人无码动态图| 欧美疯狂做受XXXX高潮| 超碰在线97免费中文字幕| 欧美日韩国产码高清综合人成| 高潮喷吹精品无码视频一区| 国产精品亚洲综合色区| 日韩Ar中文字幕第一页| 国产性色福利在线视频| 久久se无码精品一区二区| 一级a性色生活片久久| 在线免费播放一级毛片| 影音先锋女人av鲁色资源网站| 国产亚洲色视频在线| 国产精品成人精品久久久| 欧美激情在线一区二区三区| 久久国产AV无码专区| 精品一区二区三区影院在线午夜| 丝袜人妻一区二区三区| 丁香花在线影院观看在线播放| 永久不封国产毛片AV网煮站| AV中文字幕二三区| 婷婷久久综合九色综合绿巨人| 精品国内自产拍在线观看| 洗澡被公强奷30分钟视频| 久久久精品国产亚洲成人满18免费网站|