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德國(guó)大眾盯上全球老大寶座

德國(guó)大眾盯上全球老大寶座

《財(cái)富》 2012-03-21
德國(guó)大眾集團(tuán)已扭轉(zhuǎn)了頹勢(shì),現(xiàn)在它正朝著全球最大汽車公司的目標(biāo)挺進(jìn)。

????雖然歐洲依然在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的苦海里掙扎,但至少有一個(gè)歐洲之子仍在蓬勃發(fā)展,它就是德國(guó)大眾汽車公司(Volkswagen)。它的目標(biāo)是在2020年前成為世界第一大汽車集團(tuán),如今,它正在大踏步前進(jìn)。大眾積極的擴(kuò)張計(jì)劃在很多領(lǐng)域都已經(jīng)結(jié)出了豐碩的成果。兩大控股家族——皮耶希和保時(shí)捷家族的爭(zhēng)端也已經(jīng)告一段落。全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的困境對(duì)它自然也不是問(wèn)題。

????從賬面上看,去年大眾的營(yíng)業(yè)利潤(rùn)達(dá)到了近150億美元,已然位居全球第一,而且大眾今年的目標(biāo)依然維持在這個(gè)水平。大眾首席執(zhí)行官馬丁?文德恩表示:“汽車普及率的不斷提高為我們的增長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃帶來(lái)了一股東風(fēng)。”他指的是,雖然歐洲汽車廠商景氣不佳,但新興市場(chǎng)的汽車銷量卻日益強(qiáng)勁。去年文德恩的個(gè)人年薪為1,750萬(wàn)歐元(約合2,280萬(wàn)人民幣),是前年的一倍多,同時(shí)還超過(guò)了DAX德國(guó)綜指任何一家上市公司CEO的年薪。去年德國(guó)大眾在全球共售出了827萬(wàn)輛汽車,大幅超過(guò)了前年629萬(wàn)輛的成績(jī)。

????今年,大眾集團(tuán)仍在繼續(xù)執(zhí)行將斯洛伐克工廠的產(chǎn)量翻一番的計(jì)劃,這座工廠位于斯洛伐克第一大城市伯拉第斯拉瓦。大眾集團(tuán)首席執(zhí)行官上周三表示,該工廠的汽車產(chǎn)量將由去年的21萬(wàn)臺(tái)增長(zhǎng)到今年的40萬(wàn)臺(tái)以上。這家工廠過(guò)去只生產(chǎn)大型SUV。不過(guò)自從工廠引入了新型的大眾Up微型車生產(chǎn)線后,產(chǎn)量出現(xiàn)了快速增長(zhǎng)。Up汽車2007年就已經(jīng)亮相,當(dāng)時(shí)還只是一系列概念車的統(tǒng)稱,但去年它就已經(jīng)開始投入量產(chǎn)。Up或許將擴(kuò)展成大眾的一個(gè)環(huán)保小車品牌,就像豐田(Toyota)的普銳斯(Prius)混合動(dòng)力汽車系列一樣。

????大眾是汽車業(yè)中少有的一個(gè)在各個(gè)不相關(guān)的市場(chǎng)上都能盈利的廠商。它的產(chǎn)品涵蓋極廣,從深受大學(xué)新生歡迎的“乞丐版”掀背車,直到超奢華的賓利(它是億萬(wàn)富翁妻子們的最愛)。大眾集團(tuán)旗下現(xiàn)擁有奧迪(Audi)、賓利(Bentley)、布加迪(Bugatti)、蘭博基尼(Lamborghini)、SEAT、斯柯達(dá)(?koda),以及卡車生產(chǎn)商斯卡尼亞(Scania)等品牌,同時(shí)還擁有保時(shí)捷(Porsche)公司49.9%的股份。汽車網(wǎng)站TrueCar.com市場(chǎng)情報(bào)副總裁杰西?托普拉克表示:“大眾表明,它有能力在正確的價(jià)格上為正確的市場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)正確的汽車。它在沃夫斯堡市有一幢樓,整裝樓里的人什么也不做,只管優(yōu)化定價(jià)——而且他們非常擅長(zhǎng)這項(xiàng)工作?!?/p>

????大眾集團(tuán)主打的一個(gè)豪車子品牌奧迪是另外一個(gè)亮點(diǎn)。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)奧迪在美國(guó)一直銷量平平,但最近它在美國(guó)打了一個(gè)漂亮的翻身仗,銷量出現(xiàn)飆升。本月初,奧迪提高了它的銷量目標(biāo),預(yù)測(cè)到2015年前將售出150萬(wàn)輛奧迪。在美國(guó)之外,中國(guó)、印度和俄羅斯等國(guó)對(duì)豪華車的強(qiáng)勁需求也促進(jìn)了奧迪的熱賣。去年奧迪取代梅塞德斯-奔馳(Mercedes-Benz),成為全球銷量第二的高端汽車品牌。雖然奧迪的銷量仍然趕不上寶馬,但歸功于大眾集團(tuán)帶來(lái)的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng),奧迪在盈利性方面依然略勝寶馬一籌,因?yàn)楹笳咧皇且患要?dú)立的汽車廠商。

????As Europe wallows in economic doldrums, at least one native son is thriving. Germany's Volkswagen AG, which has its sights set on becoming the world's top auto firm before the decade is out, is making headway. Across a broad range of businesses, the company's aggressive expansion plans are bearing fruit and the Greek dynamics of the firm's controlling families have settled down. The woes of its global rivals haven't hurt, either.

????VW is already global champ of the bottom line, with an operating profit of nearly $15 billion last year and a goal to match that amount this year. Martin Winterkorn, chief executive, said "the unbroken automotive boom is providing additional tailwinds for our growth plans," referring to stronger sales in emerging markets, rather than in Europe where auto makers are struggling. Winterkorn drew a salary of 17.5 million Euros ($22.8 million) in 2011, more than double the year before -- and more than any chief executive of all companies listed on the DAX, Germany's main stock index. VW sold 8.27 million vehicles globally in 2011, up from 6.29 million the year before.

????Most immediately, VW isn't backing down from a promise to double production this year at its Slovakian factory in Bratislava. The chief executive of the automaker's Volkswagen Group said on Wednesday that production will rise to more than 400,000 vehicles this year, compared to just over 210,000 last year. The plant used to build only large SUVs, but production is expanding thanks to the company's new Up minicar. The Up was shown as a variety of concept vehicles since 2007, before going into production last year. It could expand into a sub-brand of smaller, eco-friendly vehicles much like Toyota's (TM) Prius hybrid line.

????VW has become that rare species of automotive giant that can generate profits in disparate markets, from barebones hatchbacks popular with college freshman to the uber-tony Bentley, vehicle of choice for billionaires' wives. The Volkswagen Group now owns Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, SEAT, and ?koda as well as the truck manufacturer Scania. It has a 49.9% stake in Porsche. "VW has shown it can build the right cars for the right market at the right price," says Jesse Toprak, vice president of market intelligence for TrueCar.com, an automotive website. "It has a whole building full of people in Wolfsburg that do nothing but optimize pricing – and they're very good at it."

????Audi, VW's mainline luxury-car subsidiary, is another bright spot. Long regarded as an also-ran in America, it has undergone a remarkable turnaround and seen sales surge. Earlier this month, it pulled forward its volume target, predicting it will sell 1.5 million vehicles before 2015. Outside of the U.S., Audi is benefiting from strong demand for luxury cars in China, India and Russia. Better yet, Audi overtook Mercedes-Benz as the second-largest premium brand by vehicle sales last year. And though it still sells fewer vehicles than BMW, it flew past its main rival in terms of profitability thanks to the economies of scale its parent makes possible. (BMW, by contrast, is an independent company.)

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